[root@localhost ~]# iostat
Linux 3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64 (localhost.localdomain) 2017年11月28日 _x86_64_ (1 CPU)
avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
0.02 0.00 0.11 0.06 0.00 99.81
Device: tps kB_read/s kB_wrtn/s kB_read kB_wrtn
sda 0.40 6.51 3.33 139818 71433
scd0 0.00 0.00 0.00 44 0
[root@localhost ~]# iostat 1 //每秒查看磁盘读写速率
Linux 3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64 (localhost.localdomain) 2017年11月28日 _x86_64_ (1 CPU)
avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
0.02 0.00 0.11 0.06 0.00 99.81
Device: tps kB_read/s kB_wrtn/s kB_read kB_wrtn
sda 0.40 6.51 3.41 139818 73217
scd0 0.00 0.00 0.00 44 0
avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
Device: tps kB_read/s kB_wrtn/s kB_read kB_wrtn
sda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0
scd0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0
^C //按ctrl+c快捷键退出
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# iostat -x 1
Linux 3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64 (localhost.localdomain) 2017年11月28日 _x86_64_ (1 CPU)
avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
0.04 0.00 0.12 0.05 0.00 99.79
Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await r_await w_await svctm %util
sda 0.02 0.01 0.26 0.12 6.21 3.24 49.21 0.00 12.12 6.39 24.71 2.89 0.11
scd0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.00 0.00 23.45 23.45 0.00 23.45 0.00
avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await r_await w_await svctm %util
sda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
scd0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await r_await w_await svctm %util
sda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
scd0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
^C //快捷键ctrl+c退出查看
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y iotop
[root@localhost ~]# free
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 1010860 354592 656268 6824 692 192560
-/+ buffers/cache: 161340 849520
Swap: 2097148 0 2097148
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# free -m
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 987 347 639 6 0 188
-/+ buffers/cache: 158 828
Swap: 2047 0 2047
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# free -h
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 987M 347M 639M 6.7M 692K 188M
-/+ buffers/cache: 158M 828M
Swap: 2.0G 0B 2.0G
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# ps aux
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
root 1 0.0 0.7 50772 7156 ? Ss 15:49 0:01 /usr/lib/systemd/system
root 2 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 15:49 0:00 [kthreadd]
root 3 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 15:49 0:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
root 5 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 15:49 0:00 [kworker/0:0H]
root 6 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 15:49 0:00 [kworker/u128:0]
root 7 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 15:49 0:00 [migration/0]
root 8 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 15:49 0:00 [rcu_bh]
root 9 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 15:49 0:00 [rcuob/0]
root 10 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 15:49 0:00 [rcuob/1]
root 11 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 15:49 0:00 [rcuob/2]
root 12 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 15:49 0:00 [rcuob/3]
root 13 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 15:49 0:00 [rcuob/4]
root 14 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 15:49 0:00 [rcuob/5]
root 15 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 15:49 0:00 [rcuob/6]
root 16 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 15:49 0:00 [rcuob/7]
等等等,只截取了一部分——>这里显示出了所有的进程
[root@localhost ~]# ps aux //查看系统所有进程
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
root 1 0.0 0.7 50772 7156 ? Ss 11月28 0:01 /usr/lib/systemd/syst
root 2 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11月28 0:00 [kthreadd]
root 3 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11月28 0:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
root 5 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 11月28 0:00 [kworker/0:0H]
root 6 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11月28 0:00 [kworker/u128:0]
root 7 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11月28 0:00 [migration/0]
root 8 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11月28 0:00 [rcu_bh]
root 9 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11月28 0:00 [rcuob/0]
root 10 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11月28 0:00 [rcuob/1]
root 11 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11月28 0:00 [rcuob/2]
等等等,只截取了一部分——>这里显示出了所有的进程
[root@localhost ~]# ps -elf //查看系统所有进程
F S UID PID PPID C PRI NI ADDR SZ WCHAN STIME TTY TIME CMD
4 S root 1 0 0 80 0 - 12693 ep_pol 11月28 ? 00:00:01 /usr/lib/syst
1 S root 2 0 0 80 0 - 0 kthrea 11月28 ? 00:00:00 [kthreadd]
1 S root 3 2 0 80 0 - 0 smpboo 11月28 ? 00:00:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
1 S root 5 2 0 60 -20 - 0 worker 11月28 ? 00:00:00 [kworker/0:0H
1 S root 6 2 0 80 0 - 0 worker 11月28 ? 00:00:00 [kworker/u128
1 S root 7 2 0 -40 - - 0 smpboo 11月28 ? 00:00:00 [migration/0]
1 S root 8 2 0 80 0 - 0 rcu_gp 11月28 ? 00:00:00 [rcu_bh]
1 S root 9 2 0 80 0 - 0 rcu_no 11月28 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/0]
1 S root 10 2 0 80 0 - 0 rcu_no 11月28 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/1]
等等等,只截取了一部分——>这里显示出了所有的进程
线程和进程最大的区别:
1 进程里包含了线程,线程是进程的子单元
2 同一个进程下的线程全部共享相同的内存,而进程之间内存相互隔离。
[root@localhost ~]# ps aux |grep nginx //查看nginx进程是否在存在
root 2619 0.0 0.0 112656 984 pts/0 R+ 00:00 0:00 grep --color=auto ngin
[root@localhost ~]# ps aux |grep mysql //查看mysql进程是否存在
root 2643 0.0 0.0 112656 984 pts/0 R+ 00:02 0:00 grep --color=auto mysq
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@hf-01 ~]# netstat -lnp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1522/master
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1178/sshd
tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1522/master
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 1525/mysqld
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1178/sshd
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:51407 0.0.0.0:* 557/avahi-daemon: r
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5353 0.0.0.0:* 557/avahi-daemon: r
raw6 0 0 :::58 :::* 7 650/NetworkManager
Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers)
Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node PID/Program name Path
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18892 1522/master private/tlsmgr
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18880 1522/master public/pickup
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18895 1522/master private/rewrite
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18898 1522/master private/bounce
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18901 1522/master private/defer
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18904 1522/master private/trace
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18907 1522/master private/verify
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18913 1522/master private/proxymap
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18916 1522/master private/proxywrite
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18919 1522/master private/smtp
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18922 1522/master private/relay
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18928 1522/master private/error
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18931 1522/master private/retry
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18934 1522/master private/discard
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18937 1522/master private/local
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11300 1/systemd /run/lvm/lvmpolld.socket
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18940 1522/master private/virtual
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18943 1522/master private/lmtp
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18946 1522/master private/anvil
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18949 1522/master private/scache
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6719 1/systemd /run/systemd/journal/stdout
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11092 1/systemd /run/lvm/lvmetad.socket
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 15756 650/NetworkManager /var/run/NetworkManager/private-dhcp
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 13965 1/systemd /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18884 1522/master public/cleanup
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 13979 1/systemd /var/run/avahi-daemon/socket
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18887 1522/master public/qmgr
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18910 1522/master public/flush
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18925 1522/master public/showq
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19266 1525/mysqld /tmp/mysql.sock
unix 2 [ ACC ] SEQPACKET LISTENING 11220 1/systemd /run/udev/control
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 15580 650/NetworkManager /var/run/NetworkManager/private
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 10994 1/systemd /run/systemd/private
[root@hf-01 ~]#
[root@hf-01 ~]# netstat -an
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 52 192.168.74.129:22 192.168.74.1:49322 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:51407 0.0.0.0:*
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5353 0.0.0.0:*
raw6 0 0 :::58 :::* 7
Active UNIX domain sockets (servers and established)
Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18892 private/tlsmgr
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18880 public/pickup
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18895 private/rewrite
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18898 private/bounce
等等等,只截取了一部分
[root@hf-01 ~]# netstat -ltnp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1522/master
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1178/sshd
tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1522/master
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 1525/mysqld
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1178/sshd
[root@hf-01 ~]#
[root@hf-01 ~]# netstat -ltunp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1522/master
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1178/sshd
tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1522/master
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 1525/mysqld
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1178/sshd
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:51407 0.0.0.0:* 557/avahi-daemon: r
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5353 0.0.0.0:* 557/avahi-daemon: r
[root@hf-01 ~]#
[root@hf-01 ~]# netstat -an |awk '/^tcp/ {++sta[$NF]} END {for(key in sta) print key,"\t"
LISTEN 5
ESTABLISHED 1
[root@hf-01 ~]#
[root@hf-01 ~]# ss -an
Netid State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
nl UNCONN 0 0 0:4194954 *
nl UNCONN 0 0 0:650 *
nl UNCONN 0 0 0:557 *
nl UNCONN 0 0 0:0 *
nl UNCONN 4352 0 4:2922 *
nl UNCONN 768 0 4:0 *
nl UNCONN 0 0 6:0 *
nl UNCONN 0 0 7:554 *
nl UNCONN 0 0 7:1 *
nl UNCONN 0 0 7:0 *
nl UNCONN 0 0 9:0 *
nl UNCONN 0 0 9:514 *
nl UNCONN 0 0 9:1 *
nl UNCONN 0 0 10:0 *
nl UNCONN 0 0 11:0 *
nl UNCONN 0 0 15:650 *
等等等,只截取了一部分
[root@hf-01 ~]# ss -an |grep -i listen //因为listen是大写,所以加-i 参数
u_str LISTEN 0 100 private/tlsmgr 18892 * 0
u_str LISTEN 0 100 public/pickup 18880 * 0
u_str LISTEN 0 100 private/rewrite 18895 * 0
u_str LISTEN 0 100 private/bounce 18898 * 0
u_str LISTEN 0 100 private/defer 18901 * 0
u_str LISTEN 0 100 private/trace 18904 * 0
u_str LISTEN 0 100 private/verify 18907 * 0
u_str LISTEN 0 100 private/proxymap 18913 * 0
u_str LISTEN 0 100 private/proxywrite 18916 * 0
等等等,只截取了一部分
[root@hf-01 ~]# tcpdump -nn
tcpdump: packet printing is not supported for link type NFLOG: use -w
[root@hf-01 ~]# ifconfig
eno16777736: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.74.129 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.74.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feff:fe93 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:ff:fe:93 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 11067 bytes 12250186 (11.6 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 2631 bytes 312427 (305.1 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 0 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[root@hf-01 ~]# tcpdump -nn -i eno16777736
5204, ack 6605, win 159, length 180
06:27:41.186368 IP 192.168.74.129.22 > 192.168.74.1.49322: Flags [P.], seq 45955204:45955384, ack 6605, win 159, length 180
06:27:41.186422 IP 192.168.74.129.22 > 192.168.74.1.49322: Flags [P.], seq 45955384:45955564, ack 6605, win 159, length 180
等等等,运行后,会显示出很多的信息
按ctrl+c退出
[root@hf-01 ~]# tcpdump -nn -i eno16777736 port 22
4, length 0
06:52:04.034073 IP 192.168.74.129.22 > 192.168.74.1.49322: Flags [P.], seq 228004:228376, ack 1, win 159, length 372
06:52:04.034155 IP 192.168.74.129.22 > 192.168.74.1.49322: Flags [P.], seq 228376:228556, ack 1, win 159, length 180
06:52:04.034302 IP 192.168.74.1.49322 > 192.168.74.129.22: Flags [.], ack 228556, win 252, length 0
06:52:04.034387 IP 192.168.74.129.22 > 192.168.74.1.49322: Flags [P.], seq 228556:228832, ack 1, win 159, length 276
等等等,只截取了一部分
在这里复制另一个终端,并打开,跑vmstat 1命令
在当前终端查看,输入以下命令
[root@hf-01 ~]# tcpdump -nn -i eno16777736 -c 10 -w 1.cap
tcpdump: listening on eno16777736, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes
10 packets captured
10 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernel
[root@hf-01 ~]# file 1.cap
1.cap: tcpdump capture file (little-endian) - version 2.4 (Ethernet, capture length 262144)
[root@hf-01 ~]#
[root@hf-01 ~]# tcpdump -r 1.cap //查看1.cap文件
reading from file 1.cap, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet)
07:02:05.134302 IP 192.168.74.129.ssh > 192.168.74.1.49322: Flags [P.], seq 4218852344:4218852492, ack 3076966380, win 159, length 148
07:02:05.134859 IP 192.168.74.1.49322 > 192.168.74.129.ssh: Flags [.], ack 148, win 255, length 0
07:02:05.257655 IP 192.168.74.129.ssh > 192.168.74.1.49322: Flags [P.], seq 148:280, ack 1, win 159, length 132
07:02:05.462113 IP 192.168.74.1.49322 > 192.168.74.129.ssh: Flags [.], ack 280, win 255, length 0
07:02:06.258704 IP 192.168.74.129.ssh > 192.168.74.1.49322: Flags [P.], seq 280:428, ack 1, win 159, length 148
07:02:06.462164 IP 192.168.74.1.49322 > 192.168.74.129.ssh: Flags [.], ack 428, win 254, length 0
07:02:07.259714 IP 192.168.74.129.ssh > 192.168.74.1.49322: Flags [P.], seq 428:560, ack 1, win 159, length 132
07:02:07.460218 IP 192.168.74.1.49322 > 192.168.74.129.ssh: Flags [.], ack 560, win 254, length 0
07:02:08.260717 IP 192.168.74.129.ssh > 192.168.74.1.49322: Flags [P.], seq 560:708, ack 1, win 159, length 148
07:02:08.460263 IP 192.168.74.1.49322 > 192.168.74.129.ssh: Flags [.], ack 708, win 253, length 0
[root@hf-01 ~]#