12.15 Nginx解析php相关配置

运维小白

发布于 2018-02-06 15:52:09

1.9K0

发布于 2018-02-06 15:52:09

Nginx解析php相关配置目录概要

配置如下：

location ~ \.php$
    {
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /data/wwwroot/test.com$fastcgi_script_name;
    }

fastcgi_pass 用来指定php-fpm监听的地址或者socket

Nginx解析php相关配置

添加以下代码

location ~ \.php$
    {
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock;        //写错这个路径，就会显示502
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /data/wwwroot/test.com$fastcgi_script_name;
    }

打开虚拟主机配置文件，因为现在test.com.conf还不能解析php，加代码添加到配置文件中

[root@hf-01 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf 

server
{   
    listen 80;
    server_name test.com test1.com test2.com;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root /data/wwwroot/test.com;
    if ($host != 'test.com' ) {
        rewrite  ^/(.*)$  http://test.com/$1  permanent;
    }
    #location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
    #{         #      expires      7d;    #      access_log off;    #}      location ~* ^.+\.(gif|jpg|png|swf|flv|rar|zip|doc|pdf|gz|bz2|jpeg|bmp|xls)$   
{   
    expires 7d;

    valid_referers none blocked server_names  *.test.com ;
    if ($invalid_referer) {
        return 403;
    }
    access_log off;
}
    location ~ .*\.(js|css)$
    {
          expires      12h;
          access_log off;
    }
    location /admin/
    {
    allow 192.168.74.129;
    allow 127.0.0.1;
    deny all;
    }
    location ~ .*(upload|image)/.*\.php$
    {   
        deny all;
    }
    if ($http_user_agent ~ 'Spider/3.0|YoudaoBot|Tomato')
    {
      return 403;
    }
    location ~ \.php$
    {
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /data/wwwroot/test.com$fastcgi_script_name;
     }
    access_log /tmp/test.com.log combined_realip;
} 
保存退出

生成做一个php文件，在/data/wwwroot/test.com/目录下生成3.php

[root@hf-01 ~]# vim /data/wwwroot/test.com/3.php

<?php
phpinfo();

保存退出

测试访问3.php，会看到无法解析3.php文件，显示出了源码

[root@hf-01 ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/3.php
<?php
phpinfo();
[root@hf-01 ~]#

这时候检查配置文件语法错误，并重新加载配置文件

[root@hf-01 ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@hf-01 ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@hf-01 ~]#

这时候再来访问3.php，会看到可以正常解析了

[root@hf-01 ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/3.php

若是解析php相关配置的 fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock; 这个路径被写错，会直接显示502，因为sock文件没有被找到
将配置文件改错后，重新加载后，再来访问3.php，会看到显示502状态码

[root@hf-01 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf 
[root@hf-01 ~]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl -t
Syntax OK
[root@hf-01 ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@hf-01 ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@hf-01 ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/3.php
<html>
<head><title>502 Bad Gateway</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center><h1>502 Bad Gateway</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.12.1</center>
</body>
</html>
[root@hf-01 ~]#

查看访问日志cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log，会看到日志文件中会说没有这样的文件或目录

[root@hf-01 ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log
2018/01/08 06:42:21 [crit] 3392#0: *22 connect() to unix:/tmp/php-afcgi.sock failed (2: No such file or directory) while connecting to upstream, client: 127.0.0.1, server: test.com, request: "GET HTTP://test.com/3.php HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://unix:/tmp/php-afcgi.sock:", host: "test.com"
[root@hf-01 ~]#

在遇到502的问题时，需要查看你配置的地址是否正确，首先查看错误日志，然后根据错误日志中提示，查看这个文件是否存在，在查看cat /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf你定义的sock是什么，那么在nginx的配置文件中写什么

[root@hf-01 ~]# 
[root@hf-01 ~]# ls /tmp/php-afcgi.sock
ls: 无法访问/tmp/php-afcgi.sock: 没有那个文件或目录
[root@hf-01 ~]# cat /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf
[global]
pid = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/run/php-fpm.pid
error_log = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/log/php-fpm.log
[www]
listen = /tmp/php-fcgi.sock
listen.mode = 666
user = php-fpm
group = php-fpm
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 20
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 35
pm.max_requests = 500
rlimit_files = 1024
[root@hf-01 ~]#

这时再去配置文件中更改回来即可，所以只要配置文件中的 fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock; 地址错误，就会显示502

502的另一种情况

假设这时不监听sock，而去监听IP端口
首先更改配置vim /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf

将#listen = /tmp/php-fcgi.sock注释掉，增加listen = 127.0.0.1:9000

[root@hf-01 ~]# vim /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf

[global]
pid = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/run/php-fpm.pid
error_log = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/log/php-fpm.log
[www]
#listen = /tmp/php-fcgi.sock
listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
listen.mode = 666
user = php-fpm
group = php-fpm
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 20
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 35
pm.max_requests = 500
rlimit_files = 1024
保存退出

重启php 命令为/etc/init.d/php-fpm restart，php重启也支持reload

[root@hf-01 ~]# /etc/init.d/php-fpm restart
Gracefully shutting down php-fpm . done
Starting php-fpm  done
[root@hf-01 ~]#

检查php文件是否存在语法错误，重新加载下nginx的配置文件

[root@hf-01 ~]# /usr/local/php-fpm/sbin/php-fpm -t
[08-Jan-2018 07:10:32] NOTICE: configuration file /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf test is successful

[root@hf-01 ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@hf-01 ~]#

查看监听端口是否为127.0.0.1:9000

[root@hf-01 ~]# netstat -lntp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1539/master         
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:9000          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      3528/php-fpm: maste 
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1218/nginx: master  
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1191/sshd           
tcp6       0      0 ::1:25                  :::*                    LISTEN      1539/master         
tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      1566/mysqld         
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      1191/sshd           
[root@hf-01 ~]#

这时在来访问3.php，会看到显示为502

[root@hf-01 ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/3.php
<html>
<head><title>502 Bad Gateway</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center><h1>502 Bad Gateway</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.12.1</center>
</body>
</html>
[root@hf-01 ~]#

查看配置文件会提示说文件不存在
这时候只需要在配置文件中做一个更改，在php配置那一块，注释掉unix，添加ip和端口

[root@hf-01 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf

在php配置那一块，注释掉unix，添加ip和端口
        #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock;
        fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
保存退出

检查语法错误，并重新加载配置文件

[root@hf-01 ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@hf-01 ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@hf-01 ~]#

再来访问3.php文件，会看到正常访问

[root@hf-01 ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/3.php -I
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.12.1
Date: Sun, 07 Jan 2018 23:23:11 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Connection: keep-alive
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.6.30

[root@hf-01 ~]#

若是出现502，要检查下配置文件中的fastcgi_pass 这块是否nginx与php-fpm中所配置的地址是相匹配的

PHP下的listen = /tmp/php-fcgi.sock这段配置很重要，决定了nginx是否能正确解析而不是502
- 当PHP配置文件 listen 使用sock时，那么对应的nginx配置文件下就必须使用 fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock；
- 当PHP配置文件listen 使用 IP加端口“127.0.0.1：9000”的时候，那么对应的nginx就要改成fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1：9000；

配置文件中的 fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME 中的地址路径/data/wwwroot/test.com$fastcgi_script_name;与配置文件最上方的 root /data/wwwroot/test.com; 相对应起来

502的其他情况

在php5.4及以后的其他版本，有一个特点
更改监听为sock，取消监听IP和端口，注释掉listen.mode

更改php-fpm的配置文件，取消注释listen = /tmp/php-fcgi.sock，注释掉#listen = 127.0.0.1:9000和#listen.mode = 666

[root@hf-01 ~]# vi /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf

[global]
pid = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/run/php-fpm.pid
error_log = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/log/php-fpm.log
[www]
listen = /tmp/php-fcgi.sock
#listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
#listen.mode = 666
user = php-fpm
group = php-fpm
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 20
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 35
pm.max_requests = 500
rlimit_files = 1024
保存退出

重新加载php

[root@hf-01 ~]# /etc/init.d/php-fpm reload
Reload service php-fpm  done

查看sock文件的权限为660，属主和属组为root

[root@hf-01 ~]# ls -l /tmp/php-fcgi.sock 
srw-rw---- 1 root root 0 1月   8 07:47 /tmp/php-fcgi.sock

更改nginx虚拟主机配置文件，取消 fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock; 的注释，注释掉#fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock;这一行的配置是为了nginx去读sock文件

[root@hf-01 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf

重新加载nginx配置文件

[root@hf-01 ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

这时候再来访问3.php，依然还是显示502

[root@hf-01 ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/3.php -I
HTTP/1.1 502 Bad Gateway
Server: nginx/1.12.1
Date: Sun, 07 Jan 2018 23:54:07 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 173
Connection: keep-alive

查看访问日志文件，显示访问文件，权限被拒绝

[root@hf-01 ~]# !tail
tail /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log
2018/01/08 06:42:21 [crit] 3392#0: *22 connect() to unix:/tmp/php-afcgi.sock failed (2: No such file or directory) while connecting to upstream, client: 127.0.0.1, server: test.com, request: "GET HTTP://test.com/3.php HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://unix:/tmp/php-afcgi.sock:", host: "test.com"
2018/01/08 07:13:39 [crit] 3518#0: *24 connect() to unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock failed (2: No such file or directory) while connecting to upstream, client: 127.0.0.1, server: test.com, request: "GET HTTP://test.com/3.php HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock:", host: "test.com"
2018/01/08 07:54:07 [crit] 3790#0: *32 connect() to unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock failed (13: Permission denied) while connecting to upstream, client: 127.0.0.1, server: test.com, request: "HEAD HTTP://test.com/3.php HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock:", host: "test.com"
[root@hf-01 ~]#

sock文件默认权限使660，root用户可以读，root用户组也是可读的，唯独其他用户不能去读
看到是由nobody的身份去读nginx的

[root@hf-01 ~]# ps aux |grep nginx
root      1218  0.0  0.1  21784  1692 ?        Ss   00:11   0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nobody    3929  0.0  0.3  23664  3692 ?        S    08:18   0:00 nginx: worker process
nobody    3930  0.0  0.3  23664  3692 ?        S    08:18   0:00 nginx: worker process
root      3932  0.0  0.0 112676   984 pts/0    R+   08:18   0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@hf-01 ~]#

这时临时改变权限为nobody

[root@hf-01 ~]# chown nobody /tmp/php-fcgi.sock 
[root@hf-01 ~]#

这时再去访问3.php会看到正常访问

[root@hf-01 ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/3.php -I
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.12.1
Date: Mon, 08 Jan 2018 00:22:43 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Connection: keep-alive
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.6.30

[root@hf-01 ~]#

这就是因为nobody用户有读的权限，所以可以正常访问
在php-fpm的配置文件中定义listen.mode，就是为了让任何用户可以读
再去配置文件中取消listen.mode的注释

[root@hf-01 ~]# vi /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf

listen.mode = 666

然后重启php-fpm的配置文件

[root@hf-01 ~]# /etc/init.d/php-fpm restart
Gracefully shutting down php-fpm . done
Starting php-fpm  done
[root@hf-01 ~]#

查看文件的权限

[root@hf-01 ~]# !ls
ls -l /tmp/php-fcgi.sock 
srw-rw-rw- 1 root root 0 1月   8 08:28 /tmp/php-fcgi.sock
[root@hf-01 ~]#

访问3.php会看到正常访问

[root@hf-01 ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/3.php -I
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.12.1
Date: Mon, 08 Jan 2018 00:30:04 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Connection: keep-alive
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.6.30

[root@hf-01 ~]#