实用小工具，教你轻松转化Python通用数据格式

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#dataformat.py
#   wklken@yeah.net
#this script change data from your source to the dest data format
#2011-08-05 created version0.1
#2011-10-29 add row-row mapping ,default row value .rebuild all functions. version0.2
#next:add data auto generate by re expression
#2011-12-17 add new functions, add timestamp creator.  version0.3
#2012-03-08 rebuild functions. version0.4
#2012-06-22 add function to support multi output separators
#2012-07-11 fix bug  line 44,add if
#2012-09-03 rebuild functions,add help msg! version0.5
#2012-11-08 last version edited by lingyue.wkl
#           this py: https://github.com/wklken/pytools/blob/master/data_process/dataformat.py
import os
import sys
import getopt
import time
import re
#read file and get each line without n
def read_file(path):
f = open(path, "r")
lines = f.readlines()
f.close()
return [line[:-1] for line in lines ]
#处理一行，转为目标格式，返回目标行
def one_line_proc(parts, total, ft_map, outsp, empty_fill, fill_with_sno):
outline = []
#step1.获取每一列的值
for i in range(1, total + 1):
 if i in ft_map:
     fill_index = ft_map[i]
     #加入使用默认值列  若是以d开头，后面是默认，否则取文件对应列 done
     if fill_index.startswith("d"):
         #列默认值暂不开启时间戳处理
         outline.append(fill_index[1:])
     else:
         outline.append(handler_specal_part(parts[int(fill_index) - 1]))
 else:
     #-s 选项生效，填充列号
     if fill_with_sno:
         outline.append(str(i))
     #否则，填充默认填充值
     else:
         outline.append(empty_fill)
#step2.组装加入输出分隔符，支持多分隔符
default_outsp = outsp.get(0,"t")
result = []
outsize = len(outline)
for i in range(outsize):
 result.append(outline[i])
 if i  outsize - 1:
     result.append(outsp.get(i + 1, default_outsp))
#step3.拼成一行返回
return ''.join(result)
#处理入口，读文件，循环处理每一行，写出
#输入数据分隔符默认t,输出数据默认分隔符t
def process(inpath, total, to, outpath, insp, outsp, empty_fill, fill_with_sno, error_line_out):
ft_map = {}
#有效输入字段数（去除默认值后的）
in_count = 0
used_row = []
#step1-3相当于数据预处理，解析传入选项
#step1 处理映射列 不能和第二步合并
for to_row in to:
 if r":" not in to_row and len(to_row.split(":")) == 2:
     used_row.append(int(to_row.split(":")[1]))
 if r"=" not in str(to_row) and len(str(to_row).split("=")) == 2:
     pass
 else:
     in_count += 1
#step2 处理默认值列
for to_row in to:
 #处理默认值列
 if r"=" not in str(to_row) and len(str(to_row).split("=")) == 2:
     ft_map.update({int(to_row.split("=")[0]): "d"+to_row.split("=")[1]})
     continue
 #处理列列映射
 elif r":" not in to_row and len(to_row.split(":")) == 2:
     ft_map.update({int(to_row.split(":")[0]): to_row.split(":")[1]})
     continue
 #其他普通列
 else:
     to_index = 0
     for i in range(1, total + 1):
         if i not in used_row:
             to_index = i
             break
     ft_map.update({int(to_row): str(to_index)})
     used_row.append(to_index)
#setp3 处理输出分隔符   outsp  0=t,1=    0代表默认的，其他前面带列号的代表指定的
if len(outsp) > 1 and len(outsp.split(",")) > 1:
 outsps = re.findall(r"d=.+?", outsp)
 outsp = {}
 for outsp_kv in  outsps:
     k,v = outsp_kv.split("=")
     outsp.update({int(k): v})
else:
 outsp = {0: outsp}
#step4 开始处理每一行
lines = read_file(inpath)
f = open(outpath, "w")
result = []
for line in lines:
 #多个输入分隔符情况，使用正则切分成列
 if len(insp.split("|")) > 0:
     parts = re.split(insp, line)
 #否则使用正常字符串切分成列
 else:
     parts = line.split(insp)
 #正常的，切分后字段数大于等于配置的选项个数
 if len(parts) >= in_count:
     outline = one_line_proc(parts, total, ft_map, outsp, empty_fill, fill_with_sno)
     result.append(outline + "n")
 #不正常的，列数少于配置
 else:
     #若配置了-e 输出，否则列数不符的记录过滤
     if error_line_out:
         result.append(line + "n")
#step5 输出结果
f.writelines(result)
f.close()
#特殊的处理入口，处理维度为每一行,目前只有时间处理
def handler_specal_part(part_str):
#timestamp 时间处理
#时间列，默认必须 TS数字=时间
if part_str.startswith("TS") and "=" in part_str:
 ts_format = {8: "%Y%m%d",
              10: "%Y-%m-%d",
              14: "%Y%m%d%H%M%S",
              19: "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"}
 to_l = 0
 #step1 确认输出的格式 TS8 TS10 TS14 TS19
 if part_str[2] != "=":
     to_l = int(part_str[2:part_str.index("=")])
 part_str = part_str.split("=")[1].strip()
 interval = 0
 #step2 存在时间+-的情况 确认加减区间
 if "+" in part_str:
     inputdate = part_str.split("+")[0].strip()
     interval = int(part_str.split("+")[1].strip())
 elif "-" in part_str:
     parts = part_str.split("-")
     if len(parts) == 2: #20101020 - XX
         inputdate = parts[0].strip()
         interval = -int(parts[1].strip())
     elif len(parts) == 3: #2010-10-20
         inputdate = part_str
     elif len(parts) == 4: #2010-10-20 - XX
         inputdate = "-".join(parts[:-1])
         interval = -int(parts[-1])
     else:
         inputdate = part_str
 else:
     inputdate = part_str.strip()
 #step3 将原始时间转为目标时间
 part_str = get_timestamp(inputdate, ts_format, interval)
 #step4 如果定义了输出格式，转换成目标格式，返回
 if to_l > 0:
     part_str = time.strftime(ts_format.get(to_l), time.localtime(int(part_str)))
return part_str
#将时间由秒转化为目标格式
def get_timestamp(inputdate, ts_format, interval=0):
if "now()" in inputdate:
 inputdate = time.strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%S")
inputdate = inputdate.strip()
try:
 size = len(inputdate)
 if size in ts_format:
     ts = time.strptime(inputdate, ts_format.get(size))
 else:
     print "the input date and time expression error,only allow 'YYYYmmdd[HHMMSS]' or 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS'  "
     sys.exit(0)
except:
 print "the input date and time expression error,only allow 'YYYYmmdd[HHMMSS]' or 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS'  "
 sys.exit(0)
return str(int(time.mktime(ts)) + interval)
#打印帮助信息
def help_msg():
print("功能：原数据文件转为目标数据格式")
print("选项:")
print("t -i inputfilepath  [必输，input, 原文件路径]")
print("t -t n              [必输，total, n为数字，目标数据总的域个数]")
print("t -a '1,3,4'        [必输，array, 域编号字符串，逗号分隔。指定域用原数据字段填充，未指定用'0'填充]")
print("t                          -a '3,5=abc,6:2'  第5列默认值abc填充,第6列使用输入的第1列填充，第3列使用输入第1列填充")
print("t -o outputfilepath [可选，output, 默认为 inputfilepath.dist ]")
print("t -F 'FS'           [可选，field Sep，原文件域分隔符，默认为\t,支持多分隔符，eg.'t|||' ]")
print("t -P 'OFS'          [可选，out FS，输出文件的域分隔符，默认为\t,可指定多个，多个需指定序号=分隔符,逗号分隔,默认分隔符序号0 ]")
print("t -f 'fill_str'     [可选，fill，未选列的填充值，默认为空 ]")
print("t -s                [可选，serial number,当配置时，-f无效，使用列号填充未指派的列]")
print("t -e                [可选，error, 源文件列切分不一致行/空行/注释等，会被直接输出，正确行按原逻辑处理]")
sys.exit(0)
#判断某个参数必须被定义
def must_be_defined(param, map, error_info):
if param not in map:
print error_info
sys.exit(1)
#程序入口，读入参数，执行
def main():
#init default value
insp = "t"
outsp = "t"
empty_fill = ''
fill_with_sno = False
error_line_out = False
#handle options
try:
 opts,args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:],"F:P:t:a:i:o:f:hse")
 for op,value in opts:
   if op in ("-h", "-H", "--help"):
     help_msg()
   if op == "-i":
     inpath = value
   elif op == "-o":
     outpath = value
   elif op == "-t":
     total = int(value)
   elif op == "-a":
     to = value.split(",")
   elif op == "-F":
     insp = value.decode("string_escape")
   elif op == "-P":
     outsp = value.decode("string_escape")
   elif op == "-f":
     empty_fill = value
   elif op == "-s":
     fill_with_sno = True
   elif op == "-e":
     error_line_out = True
 if len(opts)  3:
   print(sys.argv[0]+" : the amount of params must great equal than 3")
   print("Command : ./dataformat.py -h")
   sys.exit(1)
except getopt.GetoptError:
 print(sys.argv[0]+" : params are not defined well!")
 print("Command : ./dataformat.py -h")
 sys.exit(1)
params_map = dir()
must_be_defined('inpath', params_map, sys.argv[0]+" : -i param is needed,input file path must define!")
must_be_defined('total', params_map, sys.argv[0]+" : -t param is needed,the fields of result file must define!")
must_be_defined('to', params_map, sys.argv[0]+" : -a param is needed,must assign the field to put !")
if not os.path.exists(inpath):
 print(sys.argv[0]+" file : %s is not exists"%inpath)
 sys.exit(1)
if 'outpath' not in dir():
 outpath = inpath+".dist"
process(inpath, total, to, outpath, insp, outsp, empty_fill, fill_with_sno, error_line_out)
if __name__ =="__main__":
main()
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