Maven 核心原理解析（2）
Maven 核心原理解析（2）
Maven的聚合特性(aggregation)能够使项目的多个模块聚合在一起构建, 而继承特性(inheritance)能够帮助抽取各模块相同的依赖、插件等配置,在简化模块配置的同时, 保持各模块一致.
模块聚合
随着项目越来越复杂(需要解决的问题越来越多、功能越来越重), 我们更倾向于将一个项目划分几个模块并行开发, 如: 将feedcenter-push项目划分为client、core和web三个模块, 而我们又想一次构建所有模块, 而不是针对各模块分别执行$ mvn命令. 于是就有了Maven的模块聚合 -> 将feedcenter-push作为聚合模块将其他模块聚集到一起构建:
聚合POM
聚合模块POM仅仅是帮助聚合其他模块构建的工具, 本身并无实质内容:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.vdian.feedcenter</groupId>
<artifactId>feedcenter-push</artifactId>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<version>1.0.0.SNAPSHOT</version>
<modules>
<module>feedcenter-push-client</module>
<module>feedcenter-push-core</module>
<module>feedcenter-push-web</module>
</modules>
</project>通过在一个打包方式为pom的Maven项目中声明任意数量的module以实现模块聚合:
packaging: pom, 否则无法聚合构建.
modules: 实现聚合的核心,module值为被聚合模块相对于聚合POM的相对路径, 每个被聚合模块下还各自包含有pom.xml、src/main/java、src/test/java等内容, 离开聚合POM也能够独立构建(注: 模块所处目录最好与其artifactId一致).
Tips: 推荐将聚合POM放在项目目录的最顶层, 其他模块作为聚合模块的子目录.
其他关于聚合与反应堆介绍可参考: Guide to Working with Multiple Modules.
模块继承
在面向对象中, 可以通过类继承实现复用. 在Maven中同样也可以创建POM的父子结构, 通过在父POM中声明一些配置供子POM继承来实现复用与消除重复:
1. 父POM
与聚合类似, 父POM的打包方式也是pom, 因此可以继续复用聚合模块的POM(这也是在开发中常用的方式):
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.vdian.feedcenter</groupId>
<artifactId>feedcenter-push</artifactId>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<version>1.0.0.SNAPSHOT</version>
<modules>
<module>feedcenter-push-client</module>
<module>feedcenter-push-core</module>
<module>feedcenter-push-web</module>
</modules>
<properties>
<finalName>feedcenter-push</finalName>
<warName>${finalName}.war</warName>
<spring.version>4.0.6.RELEASE</spring.version>
<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<warExplodedDirectory>exploded/${warName}</warExplodedDirectory>
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<pluginManagement>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.0</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>attach-sources</id>
<phase>verify</phase>
<goals>
<goal>jar-no-fork</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
</build>
</project>dependencyManagement: 能让子POM继承父POM的配置的同时, 又能够保证子模块的灵活性: 在父POMdependencyManagement元素配置的依赖声明不会实际引入子模块中, 但能够约束子模块dependencies下的依赖的使用(子模块只需配置groupId与artifactId, 见下).
pluginManagement: 与dependencyManagement类似, 配置的插件不会造成实际插件的调用行为, 只有当子POM中配置了相关plugin元素, 才会影响实际的插件行为.
2. 子POM
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<groupId>com.vdian.feedcenter</groupId>
<artifactId>feedcenter-push</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0.SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>feedcenter-push-client</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>