Python-GUI|Tk类，属性文档使用指南

这是一篇tkinter相关API的介绍性地帮助文档，包括常用的包，类结构图，属性取值等，可以作为一个工具文档，供大家查阅。

01Tk中的包

__main__

colorchooser

commondialog

constants

dialog

dnd

filedialog

font

messagebox

scrolledtext

simpledialog

test (package)

tix

ttk

02 Tk中的类图

builtins.object

CallWrapper

Event

Grid

Image

BitmapImage

PhotoImage

Misc

BaseWidget

Toplevel(BaseWidget, Wm)

Widget(BaseWidget, Pack, Place, Grid)

Button

Canvas(Widget, XView, YView)

Checkbutton

Entry(Widget, XView)

Frame

Label

LabelFrame

Listbox(Widget, XView, YView)

Menu

Menubutton

OptionMenu

Message

PanedWindow

Radiobutton

Scale

Scrollbar

Spinbox(Widget, XView)

Text(Widget, XView, YView)

Tk(Misc, Wm)

Pack

Place

Variable

BooleanVar

DoubleVar

IntVar

StringVar

Wm

XView

YView

builtins.str(builtins.object)

EventType(builtins.str, enum.Enum)

enum.Enum(builtins.object)

EventType(builtins.str, enum.Enum)

03

控件的标准属性

常用控件的标准属性都包括如下：

1 activebackground,

2 activeforeground,

3 anchor,

4 background,

5 bitmap,

6 borderwidth,

7 cursor,

8 disabledforeground,

9 font,

10 foreground,

11 highlightbackground,

12 highlightcolor,

13 highlightthickness,

14 image,

15 justify,

16 padx,

17 pady,

18 relief,

19 takefocus,

20 text,

21 textvariable,

22 underline,

23 wraplength

04 如何查看属性取哪些值

Frame是一个可以装载其他控件的容器控件

如下所示的代码，表示创建一个根窗口，再在根窗口上创建一个Frame控件。

创建Frame时，设置了03节中提到的两个共用属性：relief，borderwidth，

第一个问题，如何知道它们取哪些值? 属性的取值一般位于constants模块中。

tk = Tk() frame = Frame(tk, relief=RIDGE, borderwidth=2) frame.pack(fill=None, expand=1)

参考05节介绍的属性，可以知道属性取哪些值，这些属性表示的含义：

relief：控件的样式

fill：表示frame在根窗口的填充方式

05 属性取值

# Symbolic constants for Tk

# Booleans

NO=FALSE=OFF=0

YES=TRUE=ON=1

# -anchor and -sticky

N='n'

S='s'

W='w'

E='e'

NW='nw'

SW='sw'

NE='ne'

SE='se'

NS='ns'

EW='ew'

NSEW='nsew'

CENTER='center'

# -fill

NONE='none'

X='x'

Y='y'

BOTH='both'

# -side

LEFT='left'

TOP='top'

RIGHT='right'

BOTTOM='bottom'

# -relief

RAISED='raised'

SUNKEN='sunken'

FLAT='flat'

RIDGE='ridge'

GROOVE='groove'

SOLID = 'solid'

# -orient

HORIZONTAL='horizontal'

VERTICAL='vertical'

# -tabs

NUMERIC='numeric'

# -wrap

CHAR='char'

WORD='word'

# -align

BASELINE='baseline'

# -bordermode

INSIDE='inside'

OUTSIDE='outside'

# Special tags, marks and insert positions

SEL='sel'

SEL_FIRST='sel.first'

SEL_LAST='sel.last'

END='end'

INSERT='insert'

CURRENT='current'

ANCHOR='anchor'

ALL='all' # e.g. Canvas.delete(ALL)

# Text widget and button states

NORMAL='normal'

DISABLED='disabled'

ACTIVE='active'

# Canvas state

HIDDEN='hidden'

# Menu item types

CASCADE='cascade'

CHECKBUTTON='checkbutton'

COMMAND='command'

RADIOBUTTON='radiobutton'

SEPARATOR='separator'

# Selection modes for list boxes

SINGLE='single'

BROWSE='browse'

MULTIPLE='multiple'

EXTENDED='extended'

# Activestyle for list boxes

# NONE='none' is also valid

DOTBOX='dotbox'

UNDERLINE='underline'

# Various canvas styles

PIESLICE='pieslice'

CHORD='chord'

ARC='arc'

FIRST='first'

LAST='last'

BUTT='butt'

PROJECTING='projecting'

ROUND='round'

BEVEL='bevel'

MITER='miter'

# Arguments to xview/yview

MOVETO='moveto'

SCROLL='scroll'

UNITS='units'

PAGES='pages'