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连仕彤博客Centos7安装Mysql数据库

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发布于 2018-04-09 10:30:04

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自从Mysql数据库软件被sun公司收购后（后来sun又被Oracle收购），新东家一心一意的想着样把Mysql商业化（就是想卖钱），无奈之下Mysql的作者自己又写了一款开源数据库软件（和Mysql一样，就是换了个名字而已。），并以他女儿的名字maria命名为MariaDB。然而在Centos7系统中，使用yum -y install mysql的时候，就会安装MariaDB。毕竟Mraidb我个人用着不顺手，所以还是希望安装原汁原味的Mysql。

安装epel reop源

[root@virmach software]# wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
[root@virmach software]# yum localinstall mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
*[root@virmach software]# rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm

检查epel reop源

[root@virmach software]# yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64       MySQL Connectors Community           45
mysql-tools-community/x86_64            MySQL Tools Community                59
mysql57-community/x86_64                MySQL 5.7 Community Server          247

安装Mysql

[root@virmach software]# yum install mysql-community-server

启动Mysql

[root@virmach software]#  systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
[root@virmach software]#  systemctl start  mysqld
[root@virmach software]#  systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sun 2018-03-18 09:34:48 EDT; 3s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
  Process: 1284 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 1211 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 1288 (mysqld)
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─1288 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
 
Mar 18 09:34:42 virmach systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Mar 18 09:34:48 virmach systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.

加入开机启动

 
[root@virmach software]# systemctl enable mysqld
[root@virmach software]# systemctl daemon-reload

修改root密码

mysql安装完成之后，在/var/log/mysqld.log文件中给root生成了一个默认密码。通过下面的方式找到root默认密码，然后登录mysql进行修改：

[root@virmach software]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2018-03-18T13:34:43.195576Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: %Q4pxmlnYwx>
 
[root@virmach software]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.21
 
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
 
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
mysql> set password for 'root'@'localhost'=password('$7Q7xtUdM%Wp');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

注意：mysql5.7默认安装了密码安全检查插件（validate_password），默认密码检查策略要求密码必须包含：大小写字母、数字和特殊符号，并且长度不能少于8位。否则会提示ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements错误，如下图所示：

mysql> show variables like '%password%';
+---------------------------------------+--------+
| Variable_name                         | Value  |
+---------------------------------------+--------+
| default_password_lifetime             | 0      |
| disconnect_on_expired_password        | ON     |
| log_builtin_as_identified_by_password | OFF    |
| mysql_native_password_proxy_users     | OFF    |
| old_passwords                         | 0      |
| report_password                       |        |
| sha256_password_proxy_users           | OFF    |
| validate_password_check_user_name     | OFF    |
| validate_password_dictionary_file     |        |
| validate_password_length              | 8      |
| validate_password_mixed_case_count    | 1      |
| validate_password_number_count        | 1      |
| validate_password_policy              | MEDIUM |
| validate_password_special_char_count  | 1      |
+---------------------------------------+--------+
14 rows in set (0.01 sec)

validate_password_policy：密码策略，默认为MEDIUM策略 validate_password_dictionary_file：密码策略文件，策略为STRONG才需要 validate_password_length：密码最少长度 validate_password_mixed_case_count：大小写字符长度，至少1个 validate_password_number_count ：数字至少1个 validate_password_special_char_count：特殊字符至少1个上述参数是默认策略MEDIUM的密码检查规则。

MySQL官网密码策略详细说明：http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/validate-password-options-variables.html#sysvarvalidatepassword_policy

修改密码策略 在/etc/my.cnf文件添加validate_password_policy配置，指定密码策略:选择0（LOW），1（MEDIUM），2（STRONG）其中一种，选择2需要提供密码字典文件： validate_password_policy=0 如果不需要密码策略，添加my.cnf文件中添加如下配置禁用即可： validate_password = off 重新启动mysql服务使配置生效：

systemctl restart mysqld

配置默认编码为utf8 修改/etc/my.cnf配置文件，在[mysqld]下添加编码配置，如下所示：

[mysqld]
character<em>set</em>server=utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'

配置文件 默认配置文件路径：配置文件：/etc/my.cnf 日志文件：/var/log//var/log/mysqld.log 服务启动脚本：/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service socket文件：/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

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