Tomcat基于MSM+Memcached实现Session共享

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发布于 2018-05-02 16:53:25

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发布于 2018-05-02 16:53:25

文章被收录于专栏：北京马哥教育北京马哥教育

前言

在Tomcat集群中，当一个节点出现故障，其他节点该如何接管故障节点的Session信息呢？本文带来的解决方案是基于MSM+Memcached实现Session共享。

相关介绍

MSM

MSM–Memcached Session Manager是一个高可用的Tomcat Session共享解决方案，除了可以从本机内存快速读取Session信息(仅针对黏性Session)外，同时可使用Memcached存取Session，以实现高可用。

工作原理

Sticky Session（黏性）模式下的工作原理

#Tomcat本地Session为主Session，Memcached 中的Session为备Session

安装在Tomcat上的MSM使用本机内存保存Session，当一个请求执行完毕之后，如果对应的Session在本地不存在（即某用户的第一次请求），则将该Session复制一份至Memcached；当该Session的下一个请求到达时，会使用Tomcat的本地Session，请求处理结束之后，Session的变化会同步更新到 Memcached，保证数据一致。

当集群中的一个Tomcat挂掉，下一次请求会被路由到其他Tomcat上。负责处理此此请求的Tomcat并不清楚Session信息，于是从Memcached查找该Session，更新该Session并将其保存至本机。此次请求结束，Session被修改，送回Memcached备份。

Non-sticky Session （非黏性）模式下的工作原理

#Tomcat本地Session为中转Session，Memcached为主备Session

收到请求，加载备Session至本地容器，若备Session加载失败则从主Session加载

请求处理结束之后，Session的变化会同步更新到Memcached，并清除Tomcat本地Session

实现过程

实验拓扑

#系统环境：CentOS6.6

nginx安装配置

#解决依赖关系
[root@scholar ~]# yum groupinstall "Development Tools" "Server Platform Deveopment" -y
[root@scholar ~]# yum install openssl-devel pcre-devel -y
[root@scholar ~]# groupadd -r nginx
[root@scholar ~]# useradd -r -g nginx nginx
[root@scholar ~]# tar xf nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz 
[root@scholar ~]# cd nginx-1.6.3
[root@scholar nginx-1.6.3]# ./configure \
>   --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
>   --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \
>   --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \
>   --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \
>   --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \
>   --pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid  \
>   --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \
>   --user=nginx \
>   --group=nginx \
>   --with-http_ssl_module \
>   --with-http_flv_module \
>   --with-http_stub_status_module \
>   --with-http_gzip_static_module \
>   --http-client-body-temp-path=/usr/local/nginx/client/ \
>   --http-proxy-temp-path=/usr/local/nginx/proxy/ \
>   --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/usr/local/nginx/fcgi/ \
>   --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/usr/local/nginx/uwsgi \
>   --http-scgi-temp-path=/usr/local/nginx/scgi \
>   --with-pcre
[root@scholar nginx-1.6.3]# make && make install

为nginx提供SysV init脚本

[root@scholar ~]# vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx 
#新建文件/etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx，内容如下：
#!/bin/sh
#
# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
#
# chkconfig:   - 85 15 
# description:  Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
#               proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config:      /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# config:      /etc/sysconfig/nginx
# pidfile:     /var/run/nginx.pid
  
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
  
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
  
# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0
  
nginx="/usr/sbin/nginx"
prog=$(basename $nginx)
  
NGINX_CONF_FILE="/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"
  
[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx
  
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx
  
make_dirs() {
   # make required directories
   user=`nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=\([^ ]*\).*/\1/g' -`
   options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'`
   for opt in $options; do
       if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ]; then
           value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2`
           if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then
               # echo "creating" $value
               mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value
           fi
       fi
   done
}
  
start() {
    [ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
    [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
    make_dirs
    echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
    daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
    retval=$?
    echo
    [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
    return $retval
}
  
stop() {
    echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
    killproc $prog -QUIT
    retval=$?
    echo
    [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
    return $retval
}
  
restart() {
    configtest || return $?
    stop
    sleep 1
    start
}
  
reload() {
    configtest || return $?
    echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
    killproc $nginx -HUP
    RETVAL=$?
    echo
}
  
force_reload() {
    restart
}
  
configtest() {
  $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}
  
rh_status() {
    status $prog
}
  
rh_status_q() {
    rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}
  
case "$1" in
    start)
        rh_status_q && exit 0
        $1
        ;;
    stop)
        rh_status_q || exit 0
        $1
        ;;
    restart|configtest)
        $1
        ;;
    reload)
        rh_status_q || exit 7
        $1
        ;;
    force-reload)
        force_reload
        ;;
    status)
        rh_status
        ;;
    condrestart|try-restart)
        rh_status_q || exit 0
            ;;
    *)
        echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-
reload|configtest}"
        exit 2
esac

为脚本赋予执行权限

[root@scholar ~]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx

添加至服务管理列表，并让其开机自动启动

[root@scholar ~]# chkconfig --add nginx
[root@scholar ~]# chkconfig nginx on

配置nginx

[root@scholar ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
 
upstream www.scholar.com {
    server 172.16.10.123:8080;
    server 172.16.10.124:8080;
}
  
server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  www.scholar.com;
  
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://www.scholar.com;
        index  index.jsp index.html index.htm;
    }
  
}
 
[root@scholar ~]# service nginx start
Starting nginx:                                            [  OK  ]

tomcat安装配置

安装jdk

[root@node1 ~]# rpm -ivh jdk-7u79-linux-x64.rpm 
[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/profile.d/java.sh
 
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/latest
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
 
[root@node1 ~]# . /etc/profile.d/java.sh

安装tomcat

[root@node1 ~]# tar xf apache-tomcat-7.0.62.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@node1 ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@node1 local]# ln -sv apache-tomcat-7.0.62/ tomcat
[root@node1 local]# vim /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh
 
export CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat
export PATH=$CATALINA_HOME/bin:$PATH
 
[root@node1 local]# . /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh

提供脚本

[root@node1 local]# vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/tomcat
 
#!/bin/sh
# Tomcat init script for Linux.
#
# chkconfig: 2345 96 14
# description: The Apache Tomcat servlet/JSP container.
# JAVA_OPTS='-Xms64m -Xmx128m'
JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/latest
CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat
export JAVA_HOME CATALINA_HOME
case $1 in
start)
  exec $CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh start ;;
stop)
  exec $CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh stop;;
restart)
  $CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh stop
  sleep 2
  exec $CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh start ;;
*)
  echo "Usage: `basename $0` {start|stop|restart}"
  exit 1
  ;;
esac
 
[root@node1 local]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/tomcat 
[root@node1 local]# chkconfig --add tomcat
[root@node1 local]# chkconfig tomcat on
 
#两个tomcat节点都执行以上操作

访问测试

准备测试页

[root@node1 local]# cd tomcat/webapps/
[root@node1 webapps]# mkdir -pv test/WEB-INF/{classes,lib}
[root@node1 webapps]# cd test/
[root@node1 test]# vim index.jsp
 
<%@ page language="java" %>
<html>
  <head><title>TomcatA</title></head>
  <body>
    <h1><font color="red">TomcatA.scholar.com</font></h1>
    <table align="centre" border="1">
      <tr>
        <td>Session ID</td>
    <% session.setAttribute("scholar.com","scholar.com"); %>
        <td><%= session.getId() %></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>Created on</td>
        <td><%= session.getCreationTime() %></td>
     </tr>
    </table>
  </body>
</html>
 
#另一个节点将TomcatA替换为TomcatB，颜色设为蓝色
 
[root@node1 test]# service tomcat start

此时Session信息并不一致，接下来我们通过配置MSM实现Session共享

memcached安装

#解决依赖关系
[root@scholar ~]# yum groupinstall "Development Tools" "Server Platform Deveopment" -y
#安装libevent
#memcached依赖于libevent API，因此要事先安装之
[root@scholar ~]# tar xf libevent-2.0.22-stable.tar.gz 
[root@scholar ~]# cd libevent-2.0.22-stable
[root@scholar libevent-2.0.22-stable]#  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libevent
[root@scholar libevent-2.0.22-stable]# make && make install
[root@scholar ~]# echo "/usr/local/libevent/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/libevent.conf
[root@scholar ~]# ldconfig 
#安装配置memcached
[root@scholar ~]# tar xf memcached-1.4.24.tar.tar 
[root@scholar ~]# cd memcached-1.4.24
[root@scholar memcached-1.4.24]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/memcached --with-libevent=/usr/local/libevent
[root@scholar memcached-1.4.24]# make && make install

提供脚本

[root@scholar ~]# vim /etc/init.d/memcached
  
#!/bin/bash
#
# Init file for memcached
#
# chkconfig: - 86 14
# description: Distributed memory caching daemon
#
# processname: memcached
# config: /etc/sysconfig/memcached
  
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
  
## Default variables
PORT="11211"
USER="nobody"
MAXCONN="1024"
CACHESIZE="64"
RETVAL=0
prog="/usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached"
desc="Distributed memory caching"
lockfile="/var/lock/subsys/memcached"
  
start() {
        echo -n $"Starting $desc (memcached): "
        daemon $prog -d -p $PORT -u $USER -c $MAXCONN -m $CACHESIZE 
        RETVAL=$?
        [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && success && touch $lockfile || failure
        echo
        return $RETVAL
}
  
stop() {
        echo -n $"Shutting down $desc (memcached): "
        killproc $prog
        RETVAL=$?
        [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && success && rm -f $lockfile || failure
        echo
        return $RETVAL
}
  
restart() {
        stop
        start
}
  
reload() {
        echo -n $"Reloading $desc ($prog): "
        killproc $prog -HUP
        RETVAL=$?
        [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && success || failure
        echo
        return $RETVAL
}
  
case "$1" in
  start)
        start
        ;;
  stop)
        stop
        ;;
  restart)
        restart
        ;;
  condrestart)
        [ -e $lockfile ] && restart
        RETVAL=$?
        ;;       
  reload)
        reload
        ;;
  status)
        status $prog
        RETVAL=$?
        ;;
   *)
        echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|condrestart|status}"
        RETVAL=1
esac
  
exit $RETVAL

授权并启动服务

[root@scholar ~]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/memcached
[root@scholar ~]# chkconfig --add memcached
[root@scholar ~]# chkconfig memcached on
[root@scholar ~]# service memcached start
 
#两个memcached节点都执行以上操作

tomcat配置

将所需jar包放入各tomcat节点的tomcat安装目录下的lib目录中

[root@node1 ~]# cd msm/
[root@node1 msm]# ls
javolution-5.4.3.1.jar                   msm-javolution-serializer-1.8.1.jar
memcached-session-manager-1.8.1.jar      spymemcached-2.10.2.jar
memcached-session-manager-tc7-1.8.1.jar
[root@node1 msm]# cp * /usr/local/tomcat/lib/
 
#各tomcat节点都需执行以上操作

[root@node1 msm]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml
 
  <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
  <Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" />
 
  <GlobalNamingResources>
    <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"
              type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"
              description="User database that can be updated and saved"
  </GlobalNamingResources>
 
  <Service name="Catalina">
 
    <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8443" />
    <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />
 
 
    <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">
 
      <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
        <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"
               resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
      </Realm>
 
      <Host name="www.scholar.com"  appBase="webapps"
            unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
       <Context path="/test" docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test/" reloadable="true">
             <Manager className="de.javakaffee.web.msm.MemcachedBackupSessionManager"
               memcachedNodes="n1:172.16.10.126:11211,n2:172.16.10.212:11211"
               failoverNodes="n1"
               requestUriIgnorePattern=".*\.(ico|png|gif|jpg|css|js)$"
               transcoderFactoryClass="de.javakaffee.web.msm.serializer.javolution.Javolu
tionTranscoderFactory"
               /> 
        </Context>
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
               prefix="scholar_access_log." suffix=".txt"
               pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />
 
      </Host>
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
               prefix="scholar_access_log." suffix=".txt"
               pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />
 
      </Host>
      <Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps"
            unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
 
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
               prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt"
               pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />
 
      </Host>
    </Engine>
  </Service>
</Server>

将配置文件同步至另一节点

[root@node1 msm]# scp /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml node2:/usr/local/tomcat/conf/
[root@node1 msm]# service tomcat restart ssh node2 'service tomcat restart'

访问测试

由此可见，Session共享已实现，下面我们模拟TomcatB节点故障，看一下Session是否会发生改变

[root@node2 msm]# service tomcat stop

虽然因为TomcatB故障，导致用户请求被调度到了TomcatA节点上，但Session ID并未发生改变，即Session集群内的所有节点都保存有全局的Session信息，很好的实现了用户访问的不中断

当n2（memcached）节点发生故障，Session信息会不会转移到其他memcached节点呢，我们来试一下

[root@scholar ~]# service memcached stop

Session已转移到n1上，而且Session ID并未发生改变，至此，Tomcat基于MSM+Memcached实现Session共享目的已实现

The end

Tomcat基于MSM+Memcached实现Session共享实验就说到这里了，实验过程中遇到问题可留言交流。以上仅为个人学习整理，如有错漏，大神勿喷~~~

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原始发表：2015-07-03，如有侵权请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除

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