五种Spring事务配置的方式
前段时间对Spring的事务配置做了比较深入的研究，在此之间对Spring的事务配置虽说也配置过，但是一直没有一个清楚的认识。通过这次的学习发觉Spring的事务配置只要把思路理清，还是比较好掌握的。
Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。
DataSource、 TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为 SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。
根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：
第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理
<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"> < bean id = "sessionFactory" class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" > < property name = "configLocation" value = "classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> < property name = "configurationClass" value = "org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> </ bean > <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） --> < bean id = "transactionManager" class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" > < property name = "sessionFactory" ref = "sessionFactory" /> </ bean > <!-- 配置DAO --> < bean id = "userDaoTarget" class = "com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" > < property name = "sessionFactory" ref = "sessionFactory" /> </ bean > < bean id = "userDao" class = "org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" > <!-- 配置事务管理器 --> < property name = "transactionManager" ref = "transactionManager" /> < property name = "target" ref = "userDaoTarget" /> < property name = "proxyInterfaces" value = "com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" /> <!-- 配置事务属性 --> < property name = "transactionAttributes" > < props > < prop key = "*" >PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</ prop > </ props > </ property > </ bean > </ beans > |
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第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个代理基类
<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"> < bean id = "sessionFactory" class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" > < property name = "configLocation" value = "classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> < property name = "configurationClass" value = "org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> </ bean > <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） --> < bean id = "transactionManager" class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" > < property name = "sessionFactory" ref = "sessionFactory" /> </ bean > < bean id = "transactionBase" class = "org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" lazy-init = "true" abstract = "true" > <!-- 配置事务管理器 --> < property name = "transactionManager" ref = "transactionManager" /> <!-- 配置事务属性 --> < property name = "transactionAttributes" > < props > < prop key = "*" >PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</ prop > </ props > </ property > </ bean > <!-- 配置DAO --> < bean id = "userDaoTarget" class = "com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" > < property name = "sessionFactory" ref = "sessionFactory" /> </ bean > < bean id = "userDao" parent = "transactionBase" > < property name = "target" ref = "userDaoTarget" /> </ bean > </ beans > |
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第三种方式：使用拦截器
<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"> < bean id = "sessionFactory" class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" > < property name = "configLocation" value = "classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> < property name = "configurationClass" value = "org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> </ bean > <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） --> < bean id = "transactionManager" class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" > < property name = "sessionFactory" ref = "sessionFactory" /> </ bean > < bean id = "transactionInterceptor" class = "org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor" > < property name = "transactionManager" ref = "transactionManager" /> <!-- 配置事务属性 --> < property name = "transactionAttributes" > < props > < prop key = "*" >PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</ prop > </ props > </ property > </ bean > < bean class = "org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator" > < property name = "beanNames" > < list > < value >*Dao</ value > </ list > </ property > < property name = "interceptorNames" > < list > < value >transactionInterceptor</ value > </ list > </ property > </ bean > <!-- 配置DAO --> < bean id = "userDao" class = "com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" > < property name = "sessionFactory" ref = "sessionFactory" /> </ bean > </ beans > |
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第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器
<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"> < context:annotation-config /> < context:component-scan base-package = "com.bluesky" /> < bean id = "sessionFactory" class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" > < property name = "configLocation" value = "classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> < property name = "configurationClass" value = "org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> </ bean > <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） --> < bean id = "transactionManager" class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" > < property name = "sessionFactory" ref = "sessionFactory" /> </ bean > < tx:advice id = "txAdvice" transaction-manager = "transactionManager" > < tx:attributes > < tx:method name = "*" propagation = "REQUIRED" /> </ tx:attributes > </ tx:advice > < aop:config > < aop:pointcut id = "interceptorPointCuts" expression = "execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" /> < aop:advisor advice-ref = "txAdvice" pointcut-ref = "interceptorPointCuts" /> </ aop:config > </ beans > |
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第五种方式：全注解
<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"> < context:annotation-config /> < context:component-scan base-package = "com.bluesky" /> < tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager = "transactionManager" /> < bean id = "sessionFactory" class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" > < property name = "configLocation" value = "classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> < property name = "configurationClass" value = "org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> </ bean > <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） --> < bean id = "transactionManager" class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" > < property name = "sessionFactory" ref = "sessionFactory" /> </ bean > </ beans > |
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此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下：
package com.bluesky.spring.dao;
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;
@Transactional
@Component ( "userDao" )
public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao {
public List<User> listUsers() {
return this .getSession().createQuery( "from User" ).list();
}
}