2018-04-08ubunu16.04.4LTS环境配置

一、安装ubuntu

1、下载ubuntu镜像文件

Download Ubuntu Desktop

2、制作启动光盘

如果是windows操作系统：插入空白dvd光盘，在iso文件上右键，选择“刻录光盘映像”

参考windows7中把ISO文件轻松刻录成光盘的方法(图文教程)

如果是ubuntu系统：Ubuntu14.04系统下，如何将.iso文件刻录到CD/DVD光盘

3、安装

二、搜狗输入法安装

1、参考Ubuntu 16.04 LTS安装sogou输入法详解

注意：fcitx configure未出现sogou输入法，需要自己点击左下方+号添加并且需要把复选框only show current language去掉，否则无法找到sougou

2、如果提示缺少依赖包：参考Ubuntu16.04上安装搜狗输入法

注意：依赖包要同时安装，不能分开安装

三、opencv安装:

1、下载

opencv-3.0.0-alpha

放到home下并解压

其他版本下载

opencv

2、按以下命令安装，

参考链接基于ubuntu16.04系统下OpenCV源码安装及无法import cv2

# step 1 # 安装依赖 （太多了，自己相应替换）

sudo apt-get-y install libopencv-dev build-essential cmake git libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config python-dev python-numpy libdc1394-22libdc1394-22-dev libjpeg-dev libpng12-dev libjasper-dev libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libgstreamer0.10-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-dev libv4l-dev libtbb-dev libqt4-dev libfaac-dev libmp3lame-dev libopencore-amrnb-dev libopencore-amrwb-dev libtheora-dev libvorbis-dev libxvidcore-dev x264 v4l-utils unzip

sudo apt-get-y install libopencv-dev build-essential cmake git libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config python-dev python-numpy libdc1394-22libdc1394-22-dev libjpeg-dev libpng12-dev libjasper-dev libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libgstreamer0.10-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-dev libv4l-dev libtbb-dev libqt4-dev libfaac-dev libmp3lame-dev libopencore-amrnb-dev libopencore-amrwb-dev libtheora-dev libvorbis-dev libxvidcore-dev x264 v4l-utils unzip --fix-missing# step

# step 2# 编译

cd opencv-3.0.0-alpha

mkdir build

cd build

cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local -D WITH_TBB=ON -D BUILD_NEW_PYTHON_SUPPORT=ON -D WITH_V4L=ON -D WITH_QT=ON -D WITH_OPENGL=ON ..

# step 3#安装

make #较慢

sudo make install

# step 4# 安装完成，进行整理

sudo /bin/bash -c'echo "/usr/local/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf./opencv.conf'

sudo ldconfig

sudo apt-get update

四、测试

1、python

python2下

import cv2  #没错

python3下 import cv2  #出错

因为你是python2环境下的opencv，并不是python3环境下的，每个python版本的工具包都是独立的，需要分别安装

2、常用python命令

python --version    #查看当前python版本

ls /usr/bin/python*  #查看当前已安装的python版本

查看python所在路径：

which python   //查看Python2.7所在的文件路径

which python3.6  //查看python3.6所在的文件路径

五、python3下安装opencv

1、安装依赖（其中安装numpy是个难点）：

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install build-essential cmake pkg-config

sudo apt-get install libjpeg8-dev libtiff5-dev libjasper-dev libpng12-dev

sudo apt-get install libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libv4l-dev

sudo apt-get install libxvidcore-dev libx264-dev

sudo apt-get install libgtk-3-dev

sudo apt-get install libatlas-base-dev gfortran

sudo apt-get install python3-setuptools python3-dev sudo easy_install3 pip

pip3 install numpy

sudo apt-get install cmake git libgtk2.0-dev

sudo apt install python3-dev libpython3.5-dev python3-numpy

2、编译opencv:

进入opencv源码文件

$ cd ~/opencv

$ mkdir build3

$ cd build3

$cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE -D PYTHON_DEFAULT_EXECUTABLE=/usr/bin/python3 -D BUILD_opencv_python3=ON -D BUILD_opencv_python2=OFF -D INSTALL_C_EXAMPLES=OFF -D INSTALL_PYTHON_EXAMPLES=ON -D BUILD_EXAMPLES=ON -D PYTHON3_EXCUTABLE=/usr/bin/python3 -D PYTHON3_INCLUDE_DIR=/usr/include/python3.5m -D PYTHON3_LIBRARY=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.so -D PYTHON_NUMPY_PATH=/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages ..

3、make -j2

4、sudo make install

sudo /bin/bash -c'echo "/usr/local/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf./opencv.conf'

sudo ldconfig

sudo apt-get update

5、测试

python3下 import cv2  ok

六、使用opencv

1、参考

安装和使用opencv3.0

2、在home下新建文件夹opencvtest，在此文件夹下新建test1.py

内容如下：

import cv2

#import sys

#cascPath = sys.argv[1]

cascPath  = '/usr/share/opencv/haarcascades/haarcascade_frontalface_default.xml'

#Create the haar

faceCascade = cv2.CascadeClassifier(cascPath)

#Get images from the video

video_capture = cv2.VideoCapture(0)

while True:

# Capture frame-by-frame

ret, frame = video_capture.read()

gray = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)

faces = faceCascade.detectMultiScale(

    gray,

    scaleFactor=1.1,

    minNeighbors=5,

    minSize=(30, 30),

    flags=cv2.CASCADE_SCALE_IMAGE

)

# Draw a rectangle around the faces

for (x, y, w, h) in faces:

cv2.rectangle(frame, (x, y), (x+w, y+h), (0, 255, 0), 2)

# Display the resulting frame

cv2.imshow('Video', frame)

if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord('q'):

break

# When everything is done, release the capture

video_capture.release()

cv2.destroyAllWindows()

3、ctrl+alt+t打开terminal

执行如下命令

$cd opencvtest

$sudo python test1.py出现如下界面

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