横空出世的MyCat截至到2015年4月,保守估计已经有超过60个项目在使用,主要应用在电信领域、互联网项目,大部分是交易和管理系统,少量是信息系统。比较大的系统中,数据规模单表单月30亿。本人也初步尝鲜,体验了一把,见以下描述,供大家参考。 一、安装mycat MyCAT 是使用 JAVA 语言进行编写开发,使用前需要先安装 JAVA 运行环境(JRE),由于 MyCAT 中使用 了 JDK7 中的一些特性,所以要求必须在 JDK7 以上的版本上运行。 环境准备 1) JDK 下载 http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk7-downloads-1880260.html 注:必须 JDK7 或更高版本. 2) MySQL 下载 http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.5.html#downloads 注:MyCAT 支持多种数据库接入,如:MySQL、 SQLServer、 Oracle、 MongoDB 等,推荐使用 MySQL 做集群。 3) MyCAT 项目主页 https://github.com/MyCATApache/ 注:MyCAT 相关源码、文档都可以在此地址下进行下载。 windows下可以下载Mycat-server-1.4-RELEASE-yyyymmddxxxx-win.tar 将其解压在某个目录下,建议解压到本地某个盘符根目录下(不建议使用中文目录),如下为解压后的: D:\>cd mycat D:\mycat>dir 驱动器 D 中的卷没有标签。 卷的序列号是 0006-4285 D:\mycat 的目录 2015/09/24 14:55 <DIR> . 2015/09/24 14:55 <DIR> .. 2015/09/24 14:55 <DIR> bin //bin 程序目录 2015/09/24 14:51 <DIR> catlet 2015/09/24 16:35 <DIR> conf //conf 目录下存放配置文件 2015/09/24 14:55 <DIR> lib //lib 目录下主要存放 mycat 依赖的一些 jar 文件 2015/09/25 10:49 <DIR> logs //log 目录下主要是日志存放 2015/09/22 23:30 217 version.txt D:\mycat>more version.txt //版本信息 BuildTime 2015-09-22 15:30:06 GitVersion b9af103db1f04afca17edaa05bfe3118ed0b23c2 MavenVersion 1.4-RELEASE GitUrl https://github.com/MyCATApache/Mycat-Server.git MyCatSite http://www.mycat.org.cn QQGroup 106088787 二、配置mycat 1、mycat的配置 文件全部基于xml文件来完成,位于mycat路径下的conf目录 通常包括以下配置文件:全部基于xml文件来完成,位于mycat路径下的conf目录,通常包括以下配置文件: autopartition-long.txt cacheservice.properties dnindex.properties ehcache.xml index_to_charset.properties log4j.xml //日志文件的相关配置 partition-hash-int.txt partition-range-mod.txt router.xml rule.xml schema.xml sequence_conf.properties sequence_db_conf.properties sequence_time_conf.properties server.xml wrapper.conf 2、基本配置 修改server.xml如下 <user name="test"> //配置连接到mycat的用户名及密码等 <property name="password">test</property> <property name="schemas">testdb</property> //配置逻辑数据库名 </user> <user name="user"> <property name="password">user</property> <property name="schemas">testdb</property> <property name="readOnly">true</property> //只读用户 </user> 修改schema.xml如下 D:\mycat\conf>type schema.xml <?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd"> <mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://org.opencloudb/"> <schema name="testdb" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100"> //逻辑数据库名及相关配置 <!-- global table is auto cloned to all defined data nodes ,so can join with any table whose sharding node is in the same data node --> <table name="goods" primaryKey="ID" type="global" dataNode="dn1,dn2" /> //定义了一张全局表 </schema> <dataNode name="dn1" dataHost="192.168.1.204" database="db1" /> //定义分片节点,位于为2台不同的Linux主机 <dataNode name="dn2" dataHost="192.168.1.143" database="db2" /> //2个不同的主机使用了不同的物理库名 //注:也可以在同一个实例上来定义分片,库名不同即可 <dataHost name="192.168.1.204" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="0" //定义分片主机相关属性 writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1" slaveThreshold="100"> <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat> <writeHost host="hostM1" url="192.168.1.204:3306" user="mycat" //连接到物理数据库地址用户名密码等 password="pwd"> </writeHost> </dataHost> <dataHost name="192.168.1.143" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="0" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1" slaveThreshold="100"> <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat> <writeHost host="hostM1" url="192.168.1.143:3307" user="mycat" password="pwd"> </writeHost> </dataHost> </mycat:schema> 三、启动mycat 1、直接运行 mycat.bat console 或者startup_nowrap.bat D:\mycat\bin>mycat.bat console wrapper | --> Wrapper Started as Console wrapper | Launching a JVM... jvm 1 | Wrapper (Version 3.2.3) http://wrapper.tanukisoftware.org jvm 1 | Copyright 1999-2006 Tanuki Software, Inc. All Rights Reserved. jvm 1 | jvm 1 | log4j 2015-09-25 11:11:07 [./conf/log4j.xml] load completed. jvm 1 | MyCAT Server startup successfully. see logs in logs/mycat.log //可以看到启动成功 2、装载成服务启动 D:\mycat\bin>mycat.bat install wrapper | Mycat-server installed. D:\mycat\bin>mycat start //也可以通过界面方式启动mycat wrapper | Starting the Mycat-server service... wrapper | Mycat-server started. 四、演示mycat 1、登录 登录方式类似于 mysql 的服务端登陆,目前 mycat 有两个端口,8066 数据端口,9066 管理端口 登陆方式如: mysql -h127.0.0.1 -utest -ptest -P9066 [-dmycat] -h 后面是主机,即当前 mycat 按照的主机地址,本地可用 127.0.0.1 远程需要远程 ip -u Mycat server.xml 中配置的逻辑库用户 -p Mycat server.xml 中配置的逻辑库密码 -P 后面是端口 默认 9066,注意 P 是大写 -d Mycat server.xml 中配置的逻辑库 数据端口与管理端口的配置端口修改: 数据端口默认 8066,管理端口默认 9066 ,如果需要修改需要配置 serve.xml 2、演示 --基于管理端口演示
D:\mycat\bin>mysql -utest -ptest -P9066 -Dtestdb
mysql> show @@help; -- 获取有关管理的相关命令
mysql> show @@database; -- 查看逻辑数据库
+----------+
| DATABASE |
+----------+
| testdb |
+----------+
mysql> show @@datanode; --查看分片节点
+------+-------------------+-------+-------+--------+------+------+---------+------------+----------+---------+---------------+
| NAME | DATHOST | INDEX | TYPE | ACTIVE | IDLE | SIZE | EXECUTE | TOTAL_TIME | MAX_TIME | MAX_SQL | RECOVERY_TIME |
+------+-------------------+-------+-------+--------+------+------+---------+------------+----------+---------+---------------+
| dn1 | 192.168.1.204/db1 | 0 | mysql | 0 | 10 | 1000 | 152 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1 |
| dn2 | 192.168.1.143/db2 | 0 | mysql | 0 | 0 | 1000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1 |
+------+-------------------+-------+-------+--------+------+------+---------+------------+----------+---------+---------------+
mysql> show @@server; --查看服务器状态
+---------------+-------------+--------------+------------+---------------+---------------+---------+--------+-----------------------+
| UPTIME | USED_MEMORY | TOTAL_MEMORY | MAX_MEMORY | RELOAD_TIME | ROLLBACK_TIME | CHARSET | STATUS | AVG_BUFPOOL_ITEM_SIZE |
+---------------+-------------+--------------+------------+---------------+---------------+---------+--------+-----------------------+
| 23m 50s 344ms | 344386624 | 2058878976 | 2058878976 | 1443150953033 | -1 | gbk | ON | 1878 |
+---------------+-------------+--------------+------------+---------------+---------------+---------+--------+-----------------------+
mysql> show @@version; --查看版本
+----------------------------------------+
| VERSION |
+----------------------------------------+
| 5.5.8-mycat-1.4-RELEASE-20150922233010 |
+----------------------------------------+
--基于数据端口演示,分别创建连接用户及数据库
(root@192.168.1.204) [(none)]> grant all privileges on *.* to 'mycat'@'192.168.%.%' identified by 'pwd';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
(root@192.168.1.204) [(none)]> create database db1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
(root@192.168.1.143) [(none)]> grant all privileges on *.* to 'mycat'@'192.168.%.%' identified by 'pwd';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
(root@192.168.1.143) [(none)]> create database db2;
D:\mycat\bin>mysql -utest -ptest -P8066 -Dtestdb
D:\mycat\bin>mysql -utest -ptest -P8066 -Dtestdb
mysql> select database();
+------------+
| DATABASE() |
+------------+
| testdb |
+------------+
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables in testdb |
+------------------+
| goods |
+------------------+
mysql> desc goods;
ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'db2.goods' doesn't exist
mysql> explain create table goods(id int auto_increment not null primary key,val varchar(20));
+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| DATA_NODE | SQL |
+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| dn1 | create table goods(id int auto_increment not null primary key,val varchar(20)) |
| dn2 | create table goods(id int auto_increment not null primary key,val varchar(20)) |
+-----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
mysql> create table goods(id int auto_increment not null primary key,val varchar(20));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
mysql> insert into goods(val) values('apple');
mysql> explain select * from goods;
+-----------+-------------------------------+
| DATA_NODE | SQL |
+-----------+-------------------------------+
| dn2 | SELECT * FROM goods LIMIT 100 | --此处可知,select查询会直接查询第二个分片
+-----------+-------------------------------+
mysql> select 'Leshami' as author,'http://blog.csdn.net/leshami' as Blog;
+---------+------------------------------+
| author | Blog |
+---------+------------------------------+
| Leshami | http://blog.csdn.net/leshami |
+---------+------------------------------+
mysql> select * from goods;
+----+-------+
| id | val |
+----+-------+
| 1 | apple |
+----+-------+
D:\mycat\bin>mysql -umycat -ppwd -h192.168.1.143 -P3307 -e "select * from db2.goods"
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+----+-------+
| id | val |
+----+-------+
| 1 | apple |
+----+-------+
D:\mycat\bin>mysql -umycat -ppwd -h192.168.1.204 -P3306 -e "select * from db1.goods"
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+----+-------+
| id | val |
+----+-------+
| 1 | apple |
+----+-------+
D:\mycat\bin>mysql -uuser -puser -P8066 -Dtestdb --只读用户连接
mysql> use testdb;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables in testdb |
+------------------+
| goods |
+------------------+
mysql> desc goods;
ERROR 1495 (HY000): User readonly --提示用户只读