(标*号的可选掌握,其他为必须掌握) 一、File management: ls - list file touch - create a null file/modify file timestamp cp/mv/rm/ln - copy/rename/move/delete file, create link chmod/*chown/*chgrp - change file permission/owner/group find - search file by name, size, permission, etc. file - display file type, text, binary, etc. cp/scp/*rcp - copy/remote copy/secure copy mkdir/rmdir - create/delete directory df/du - check disk space/directory space which - locate a command zip/unzip/*gzip/*gunzip/ - compress/decompress *tar - archive processing 二、File content processing: vi - word edit wc - word count tee - replicate the standard output more/less/pg - page the file to display on the screen grep/*egrep/*cgrep - filter specific lines from input diff/*sdiff/*vimdiff - diff files head/tail - print specific lines of input cat/split - concatenate files/split a file *cut/paste - cut specific fields/concatenate line by line *sort/uniq - sort line by line/remove continuous unique lines *sed/awk - stream editor/text processing 三、Process/Job management: top - list the processes that occupy most CPU jobs - list background jobs fg/bg - put a job to foreground/background ps - list the processes kill/pkill - send signal to a process/processes *crontab - schedule a task on time of day/day of week 四、Other commands: echo - export - set the environmental variables telnet/ssh/*rlogin - remote shell by telnet/rlogin/ssh ftp/sftp - ftp/ftp over ssh sleep - wait for some time passwd - change password tcpdump - dump the message over eth *mailx - send mail *expect - a utility to automate interactive commands 五、flow control: for while if then else endif