iOS开发中的并发、串行队列，同步、异步任务

版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，未经博主允许不得转载。 https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1337729

在多线程开发中我们经常会遇到这些概念：并发队列、串行队列、同步任务、异步任务。我们将这四个概念进行组合会有四种结果：串行队列＋同步任务、串行队列＋异步任务、并发队列＋同步任务、并发队列＋异步任务。我们对这四种结果进行解释：

1.串行队列＋同步任务：不会开启新的线程，任务逐步完成。

2.串行队列＋异步任务：开启新的线程，任务逐步完成。

3.并发队列＋同步任务：不会开启新的线程，任务逐步完成。

4.并发队列＋异步任务：开启新的线程，任务同步完成。

我们如果要让任务在新的线程中完成，应该使用异步线程。为了提高效率，我们还应该将任务放在并发队列中。因此在开发中使用最多的是并发队列＋异步任务。看代码：

// 串行队列＋同步任务

• (void)serialSyn{

dispatch_queue_t queue =dispatch_queue_create("serial",DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);

dispatch_sync(queue, ^{

for (int i =0; i <3; i ++) {

NSLog(@"1---%@", NSThreadcurrentThread);

        }

    });

dispatch_sync(queue, ^{

for (int i =0; i <3; i ++) {

NSLog(@"2---%@", NSThreadcurrentThread);

        }

    });

dispatch_sync(queue, ^{

for (int i =0; i <3; i ++) {

NSLog(@"3---%@", NSThreadcurrentThread);

        }

    });

}

// 串行队列＋异步任务

• (void)serialAsyn{

dispatch_queue_t queue =dispatch_queue_create("serial",DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);

dispatch_async(queue, ^{

for (int i =0; i <3; i ++) {

NSLog(@"1---%@", NSThreadcurrentThread);

        }

    });

dispatch_async(queue, ^{

for (int i =0; i <3; i ++) {

NSLog(@"2---%@", NSThreadcurrentThread);

        }

    });

dispatch_async(queue, ^{

for (int i =0; i <3; i ++) {

NSLog(@"3---%@", NSThreadcurrentThread);

        }

    });

}

// 并发队列＋同步任务

• (void)concurrenSyn{

dispatch_queue_t queue =dispatch_queue_create("concurrent",DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);

dispatch_sync(queue, ^{

for (int i =0; i <3; i ++) {

NSLog(@"1---%@", NSThreadcurrentThread);

        }

    });

dispatch_sync(queue, ^{

for (int i =0; i <3; i ++) {

NSLog(@"2---%@", NSThreadcurrentThread);

        }

    });

dispatch_sync(queue, ^{

for (int i =0; i <3; i ++) {

NSLog(@"3---%@", NSThreadcurrentThread);

        }

    });

}

// 并发队列＋异步任务

• (void)concurrentAsyn{

dispatch_queue_t queue =dispatch_queue_create("concurrent",DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);

dispatch_async(queue, ^{

for (int i =0; i <3; i ++) {

NSLog(@"1---%@", NSThreadcurrentThread);

        }

    });

dispatch_async(queue, ^{

for (int i =0; i <3; i ++) {

NSLog(@"2---%@", NSThreadcurrentThread);

        }

    });

dispatch_async(queue, ^{

for (int i =0; i <3; i ++) {

NSLog(@"3---%@", NSThreadcurrentThread);

        }

    });

}

输出结果分别为：

// 串行队列＋同步任务

2017-12-09 15:50:18.427989+0800 GCD1044:27175 1---<NSThread: 0x600000073600>{number = 1, name = main}

2017-12-09 15:50:20.912799+0800 GCD1044:27277 XPC connection interrupted

2017-12-09 15:50:21.429204+0800 GCD1044:27175 1---<NSThread: 0x600000073600>{number = 1, name = main}

2017-12-09 15:50:24.430559+0800 GCD1044:27175 1---<NSThread: 0x600000073600>{number = 1, name = main}

2017-12-09 15:50:25.431937+0800 GCD1044:27175 2---<NSThread: 0x600000073600>{number = 1, name = main}

2017-12-09 15:50:26.433460+0800 GCD1044:27175 2---<NSThread: 0x600000073600>{number = 1, name = main}

2017-12-09 15:50:27.433913+0800 GCD1044:27175 2---<NSThread: 0x600000073600>{number = 1, name = main}

2017-12-09 15:50:28.435443+0800 GCD1044:27175 3---<NSThread: 0x600000073600>{number = 1, name = main}

2017-12-09 15:50:29.435987+0800 GCD1044:27175 3---<NSThread: 0x600000073600>{number = 1, name = main}

2017-12-09 15:50:30.437512+0800 GCD1044:27175 3---<NSThread: 0x600000073600>{number = 1, name = main}

// 串行队列＋异步任务

2017-12-09 16:08:03.242688+0800 GCD1252:41773 1---<NSThread: 0x600000276ec0>{number = 3, name = (null)}

2017-12-09 16:08:06.246989+0800 GCD1252:41773 1---<NSThread: 0x600000276ec0>{number = 3, name = (null)}

2017-12-09 16:08:09.249206+0800 GCD1252:41773 1---<NSThread: 0x600000276ec0>{number = 3, name = (null)}

2017-12-09 16:08:10.250193+0800 GCD1252:41773 2---<NSThread: 0x600000276ec0>{number = 3, name = (null)}

2017-12-09 16:08:11.250878+0800 GCD1252:41773 2---<NSThread: 0x600000276ec0>{number = 3, name = (null)}

2017-12-09 16:08:12.255908+0800 GCD1252:41773 2---<NSThread: 0x600000276ec0>{number = 3, name = (null)}

2017-12-09 16:08:13.258215+0800 GCD1252:41773 3---<NSThread: 0x600000276ec0>{number = 3, name = (null)}

2017-12-09 16:08:14.258708+0800 GCD1252:41773 3---<NSThread: 0x600000276ec0>{number = 3, name = (null)}

2017-12-09 16:08:15.259192+0800 GCD1252:41773 3---<NSThread: 0x600000276ec0>{number = 3, name = (null)}

// 串行队列＋异步任务

2017-12-09 16:09:23.548551+0800 GCD1283:42913 1---<NSThread: 0x604000260540>{number = 1, name = main}

2017-12-09 16:09:25.547003+0800 GCD1283:43153 XPC connection interrupted

2017-12-09 16:09:26.549830+0800 GCD1283:42913 1---<NSThread: 0x604000260540>{number = 1, name = main}

2017-12-09 16:09:29.550406+0800 GCD1283:42913 1---<NSThread: 0x604000260540>{number = 1, name = main}

2017-12-09 16:09:30.551134+0800 GCD1283:42913 2---<NSThread: 0x604000260540>{number = 1, name = main}

2017-12-09 16:09:31.552655+0800 GCD1283:42913 2---<NSThread: 0x604000260540>{number = 1, name = main}

2017-12-09 16:09:32.553861+0800 GCD1283:42913 2---<NSThread: 0x604000260540>{number = 1, name = main}

2017-12-09 16:09:33.555326+0800 GCD1283:42913 3---<NSThread: 0x604000260540>{number = 1, name = main}

2017-12-09 16:09:34.555842+0800 GCD1283:42913 3---<NSThread: 0x604000260540>{number = 1, name = main}

2017-12-09 16:09:35.556267+0800 GCD1283:42913 3---<NSThread: 0x604000260540>{number = 1, name = main}

// 并发队列＋异步任务

2017-12-09 16:10:26.676320+0800 GCD1309:44938 3---<NSThread: 0x604000466c40>{number = 3, name = (null)}

2017-12-09 16:10:26.676320+0800 GCD1309:44937 2---<NSThread: 0x60000066e380>{number = 4, name = (null)}

2017-12-09 16:10:27.678310+0800 GCD1309:44938 3---<NSThread: 0x604000466c40>{number = 3, name = (null)}

2017-12-09 16:10:27.678316+0800 GCD1309:44937 2---<NSThread: 0x60000066e380>{number = 4, name = (null)}

2017-12-09 16:10:28.674756+0800 GCD1309:44935 1---<NSThread: 0x60000066fa80>{number = 5, name = (null)}

2017-12-09 16:10:28.679805+0800 GCD1309:44938 3---<NSThread: 0x604000466c40>{number = 3, name = (null)}

2017-12-09 16:10:28.679798+0800 GCD1309:44937 2---<NSThread: 0x60000066e380>{number = 4, name = (null)}

2017-12-09 16:10:31.675355+0800 GCD1309:44935 1---<NSThread: 0x60000066fa80>{number = 5, name = (null)}

2017-12-09 16:10:34.678046+0800 GCD1309:44935 1---<NSThread: 0x60000066fa80>{number = 5, name = (null)}

看表格：

注意：

在主队列中添加同步任务会产生死锁，进而导致程序崩溃。

代码：

• (void)viewDidLoad {

    super viewDidLoad;

// Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.

NSLog(@"===========1");

dispatch_sync(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{

NSLog(@"===========2");

    });

NSLog(@"===========3");

}

以上代码在打印出1之后就卡死在了dispatch_sync...的代码上。