“孩子,你会唱diff算法吗”
“twinkle,twinkle,diff start”
先介绍一下虚拟dom的数据结构,我们都知道源码里面有createElement函数,通过他创建虚拟dom,然后调用render函数。还记得VUE脚手架住入口文件那句足够装逼的h=>h(App)
吗,其实就是类似createElement(App)这样子的过程。我们看一下他简单的结构:
createElement('ul',{class:'ul'},[
createElement('li',{class:'li'},['1']),
createElement('li',{class:'li'},['2'])
])
复制代码
createElement (type, props, children)传入三个参数,节点类型、属性集合、子节点集合
function Element(type, props, children) {
this.type = type
this.props = props
this.children = children || []
}
function createElement (type, props, children) {
return new Element(type, props, children)
}
复制代码
复制代码,自己造两个节点打印一下,在控制台观察一下。
这个就是把虚拟dom转化为真正的dom的函数。vue里面把虚拟节点叫做vnode,那我们翻版,也要翻版得像一点才行:
function render (vnode) {
let el = document.createElement(vnode.type)//创建html元素
for(let key in vnode.props){//遍历虚拟dom的属性集合,给新建的html元素加上
el.setAttribute(key, vnode.props[key])
}
vnode.children&&vnode.children.forEach(child=>{//递归子节点,如果是文本节点则直接插入
child = (child instanceof Element) ?
render(child)://不是文本节点,则递归render
document.createTextNode(child)
el.appendChild(child)
})
return el
}
复制代码
这个是真正的dom喔,是不是饥渴难耐了,那好,可以试一下document.body.appendChild(el)
,看见新节点没
都虚拟dom了,还不diff干啥呢。
function diff (oldTree, newTree) {
const patches = {}//差异表记录差异,这个记录一个树的所有差异
let index = 0//记录开始索引,我们给节点编号用的
dfswalk(oldTree, newTree, index, patches)//先序深度优先遍历,涉及到树的遍历,这是必须的
return patches
}
//老节点、新节点、第几个节点、差异表
function dfswalk (oldNode, newNode, index, patches) {
const currentPatch = []
//...一系列写入差异的过程
//最后将当前差异数组写入差异表
currentPatch.length && (patches[index] = currentPatch)
}
复制代码
我们要的最终结果,大概是旧节点根据patches来变成新节点,最终结果的基本雏形:
let el = render(vnode)//老的虚拟dom树生成老html节点
document.body.appendChild(el) //挂载dom节点
let patches = diff(vnode,newvnode) //对虚拟dom进行diff得到差异表
update (el, patches) //老节点根据差异表更新,这个函数包括了dom操作
复制代码
我们现在要开始完善dfs内部的逻辑
考虑几种情况:
function dfswalk (oldNode, newNode, index, patches) {
const currentPatch = []
if(!newNode){//判断节点是否被删除,记录被删的index
currentPatch.push({type: 'REMOVE',index})
}else if(typeof oldNode === 'string' && typeof newNode === 'string'){//处理文本节点
if(oldNode !== newNode){
currentPatch.push({type: 'TEXT',text:newNode})
}
}else if(oldNode.type === newNode.type){//如果节点类型相同
//对比属性
let patch = props_diff(oldNode.props, newNode.props)
//如果属性有差异则写入当前的差异数组
Object.keys(patch).length && (currentPatch.push({type: 'ATTR',patch}))
//对比子节点
children_diff(oldNode.children, newNode.children, index, patches)
}else{//节点类型不同
currentPatch.push({type: 'REPLACE',newNode})
}
//将当前差异数组写入差异表
currentPatch.length && (patches[index] = currentPatch)
}
复制代码
对比属性:
我们传入新节点和老节点的属性集合,进行遍历
function props_diff(oldProp, newProp){
const patch = {}
//判断新老属性的差别
for(let k in oldProp){
//如果属性不同,写入patch,老属性有,新属性没有或者不同,写入差异表
oldProp[k] !== newProp[k] && (patch[k] = newProp[k])
}
//新节点新属性
for(let k in newProp){
//判断老节点的属性在新节点里面是否存在,没有就写入patch
!oldProp.hasOwnProperty(k) && (patch[k] = newProp[k])
}
return patch
}
复制代码
对比子节点:
let allIndex = 0
function children_diff (oldChildren, newChildren, index, patches) {
//对每一个子节点深度优先遍历
oldChildren&&oldChildren.forEach((child,i)=>{
//allIndex在每一次进dfs的时候要加一,作为唯一key。注意这个是全局的、共有的allIndex,表示节点树的哪一个节点,0是根节点,子节点再走一遍dfs
dfswalk(child, newChildren[i], ++allIndex, patches)
})
}
复制代码
前面我们已经大概构思了一个最终雏形:update (el, patches)
,我们顺着这条路开始吧
let allPatches //全局存放差异表
//这里是真的html元素喔,接下来是dom操作了
function update (HTMLNode, patches) {//根据差异表更新html元素,vnode转换为真正的节点
allPatches = patches
htmlwalk(HTMLNode)//遍历节点,最开始从第一个节点遍历
}
复制代码
let Index = 0//索引从第一个节点开始,同上面的allIndex一样的道理,全局标记
function htmlwalk (HTMLNode) {
const currentPatch = allPatches[Index++]//遍历一个节点,就下一个节点
const childNodes = HTMLNode.childNodes
//有子节点就后序深度优先遍历
childNodes && childNodes.forEach(node=>{
htmlwalk (node)
})
//对当前的差异数组进行遍历,根据差异还原元素
currentPatch && currentPatch.length && currentPatch.forEach(patch=>{
doPatch(HTMLNode, patch)//根据差异还原
})
}
复制代码
差异还原:
function doPatch (node, patch) {//还原过程,其实就是dom操作
switch (patch.type) {
case 'REMOVE' ://熟悉的删除节点操作
node.parentNode.removeChild(node)
break
case 'TEXT' ://熟悉的textContent
node.textContent = patch.text
break
case 'ATTR' :
for(let k in patch.patch){//熟悉的setAttribute
const v = patch.patch[k]
if(v){
node.setAttribute(k, v)
}else{
node.removeAttribute(k)
}
}
break
case 'REPLACE' ://如果是元素节点,用render渲染出来替换掉。如果是文本,自己新建一个
const newNode = (patch.newNode instanceof Element) ?
render(patch.newNode) : document.createTextNode(patch.newNode)
node.parentNode.replaceChild(newNode, node)
break
}
}
复制代码
已经完成了,我们试一下吧:
//随便命名的,就别计较了
//创建虚拟dom
var v = createElement('ul',{class:'ul'},[
createElement('li',{class:'li'},['a']),
createElement('li',{class:'li1'},['b']),
createElement('li',{class:'a'},['c'])
])
//dom diff
var d = diff(v,createElement('ul',{class:'ul'},[
createElement('li',{class:'li'},['aaaaaaaaaaa']),
createElement('div',{class:'li'},['b']),
createElement('li',{class:'li'},['b'])
]))
//vnode渲染成真正的dom
var el = render(v)
//挂载dom
document.body.appendChild(el)
//diff后更新dom
update (el, d)
复制代码
function Element(type, props, children) {
this.type = type
this.props = props
this.children = children || []
}
function createElement (type, props, children) {
return new Element(type, props, children)
}
//将vnode转化为真正的dom
function render (vnode) {
let el = document.createElement(vnode.type)
for(let key in vnode.props){
el.setAttribute(key, vnode.props[key])
}
vnode.children&&vnode.children.forEach(child=>{//递归节点,如果是文本节点则直接插入
child = (child instanceof Element) ?
render(child):
document.createTextNode(child)
el.appendChild(child)
})
return el
}
let allIndex = 0
function diff (oldTree, newTree) {
const patches = {}//差异表记录差异
let index = 0//记录开始索引
dfswalk(oldTree, newTree, index, patches)//先序深度优先遍历
return patches
}
function dfswalk (oldNode, newNode, index, patches) {
const currentPatch = []
if(!newNode){//判断节点是否被删除,记录被删的index
currentPatch.push({type: 'REMOVE',index})
}else if(typeof oldNode === 'string' && typeof newNode === 'string'){//处理文本节点
if(oldNode !== newNode){
currentPatch.push({type: 'TEXT',text:newNode})
}
}else if(oldNode.type === newNode.type){//如果节点类型相同
//对比属性
let patch = props_diff(oldNode.props, newNode.props)
//如果属性有差异则写入当前的差异数组
Object.keys(patch).length && (currentPatch.push({type: 'ATTR',patch}))
//对比子节点
children_diff(oldNode.children, newNode.children, index, patches)
}else{//节点类型不同
currentPatch.push({type: 'REPLACE',newNode})
}
//将当前差异数组写入差异表
currentPatch.length && (patches[index] = currentPatch)
}
function children_diff (oldChildren, newChildren, index, patches) {
//对每一个子节点深度优先遍历
oldChildren.forEach((child,i)=>{
//index在每一次进dfs的时候要加一,作为唯一key
dfswalk(child, newChildren[i], ++allIndex, patches)
})
}
function props_diff(oldProp, newProp){
const patch = {}
//判断新老属性的差别
for(let k in oldProp){
//如果属性不同,写入patch
oldProp[k] !== newProp[k] && (patch[k] = newProp[k])
}
//新节点新属性
for(let k in newProp){
//判断老节点的属性在新节点里面是否存在,没有就写入patch
!oldProp.hasOwnProperty(k) && (patch[k] = newProp[k])
}
return patch
}
let allPatches//根据差异还原dom,记录差异表
let Index = 0//索引从第一个节点开始
function update (HTMLNode, patches) {//根据差异表更新html元素,vnode转换为真正的节点
allPatches = patches
htmlwalk(HTMLNode)//遍历节点,最开始从第一个节点遍历
}
function htmlwalk (HTMLNode) {
const currentPatch = allPatches[Index++]//遍历一个节点,就下一个节点
const childNodes = HTMLNode.childNodes
//有子节点就后序dfs
childNodes && childNodes.forEach(node=>{
htmlwalk (node)
})
//对当前的差异数组进行遍历,根据差异还原元素
currentPatch && currentPatch.length && currentPatch.forEach(patch=>{
doPatch(HTMLNode, patch)
})
}
function doPatch (node, patch) {
switch (patch.type) {
case 'REMOVE' :
node.parentNode.removeChild(node)
break
case 'TEXT' :
node.textContent = patch.text
break
case 'ATTR' :
for(let k in patch.patch){
const v = patch.patch[k]
if(v){
node.setAttribute(k, v)
}else{
node.removeAttribute(k)
}
}
break
case 'REPLACE' :
const newNode = (patch.newNode instanceof Element) ?
render(patch.newNode) : document.createTextNode(patch.newNode)
node.parentNode.replaceChild(newNode, node)
break
}
}
复制代码
过程差不多是这样子的。我写的有很多bug,别吐槽了,我懂,以后会更新的