线上的web环境准备用Nginx+Django部署, 下面简单记录下操作过程:
操作系统为Centos7.4
[root@web-node ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)
1) 安装Python3.6.1
系统默认的是python2.7, 需要升级到Python3.6.1 ( 该Django项目跑在Python3.6.1版本下)
[root@web-node ~]# python -V
Python 2.7.5
下载并安装Python3.6.1
[root@web-node ~]# yum install -y gcc gcc-c++
[root@web-node ~]# yum -y install epel-release
[root@web-node ~]# yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel
[root@web-node ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@web-node src]# wget wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.1/Python-3.6.1.tar.xz
[root@web-node src]# tar xf Python-3.6.1.tar.xz
[root@web-node src]# cd Python-3.6.1
[root@web-node Python-3.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3
[root@web-node Python-3.6.1]# make && make install
确认安装的Python下有pip3
[root@web-node Python-3.6.1]# ll /usr/local/python3/bin/python3
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 12月 11 21:08 /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 -> python3.6
[root@web-node Python-3.6.1]# ll /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 222 12月 11 21:08 /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3
替换python
[root@web-node ~]# cd /usr/bin
[root@web-node ~]# mv python python.bak
[root@web-node ~]# ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python
[root@web-node ~]# python -V
Python 3.6.1
2) 安装nginx
[root@web-node ~]# useradd www
[root@web-node ~]# wget http://10.0.8.50/software/nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz
[root@web-node ~]# tar -zvxf nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz
[root@web-node ~]# cd nginx-1.12.2
[root@web-node ~]# ./configure --prefix=/data/nginx --user=www --group=www --with-http_ssl_module
[root@web-node nginx-1.12.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=www --group=www --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-pcre --with-stream
[root@web-node nginx-1.12.2]# make && make install
配置nginx
[root@web-node ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/
[root@web-node conf]# cp nginx.conf nginx.conf.bak
[root@web-node conf]# cat nginx.conf
user www;
worker_processes 4;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 65535;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
charset utf-8;
######
## set access log format
######
log_format main '$http_x_forwarded_for $remote_addr $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_cookie" $host $request_time';
#######
## http setting
#######
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
proxy_cache_path /var/www/cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=mycache:20m max_size=2048m inactive=60m;
proxy_temp_path /var/www/cache/tmp;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 3000;
fastcgi_send_timeout 3000;
fastcgi_read_timeout 3000;
fastcgi_buffer_size 256k;
fastcgi_buffers 8 256k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
#
client_header_timeout 600s;
client_body_timeout 600s;
# client_max_body_size 50m;
client_max_body_size 100m;
client_body_buffer_size 256k;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_comp_level 9;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml text/javascript application/x-httpd-php;
gzip_vary on;
## includes vhosts
include vhosts/*.conf;
}
[root@web-node conf]# mkdir /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts
[root@web-node conf]# mkdir /var/www/cache
[root@web-node conf]# ulimit 65535
[root@web-node conf]# cat vhosts/ng.conf
upstream py-8001 {
ip_hash;
server 127.0.0.1:8001 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=15s;
server 127.0.0.1:8002 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=15s;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name kevin.com www.kevin.com btc.kevin.com eth.kevin.com;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8001-access.log main;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8001-error.log;
location / {
proxy_pass http://py-8001;
proxy_redirect off ;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_connect_timeout 300;
proxy_send_timeout 300;
proxy_read_timeout 600;
proxy_buffer_size 256k;
proxy_buffers 4 256k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 256k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 256k;
proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504 http_404;
proxy_max_temp_file_size 128m;
#proxy_cache mycache;
#proxy_cache_valid 200 302 1h;
#proxy_cache_valid 301 1d;
#proxy_cache_valid any 1m;
}
location /static/ {
alias /data/www/APPServer/staticfiles/;
}
}
3) 安装django (项目中使用的mysql是阿里云上的rds)
[root@web-node ~]# yum install MySQL-python
[root@web-node ~]# pip3 install Django==1.11
[root@web-node ~]# pip3 install pymysql
django项目存放路径: /data/www/APPServer
静态页存放路径: /data/www/APPServer/staticfiles/
静态页通过nginx访问展示(匹配static的路径), 动态页面通过nginx转发给python处理
[root@web-node script]# ll /data/www/APPServer/
总用量 32
-rw-r--r-- 1 www www 12288 12月 11 17:55 db.sqlite3
drwxr-xr-x 3 www www 4096 12月 11 22:08 django_auth_example
-rwxr-xr-x 1 www www 817 12月 11 17:55 manage.py
drwxr-xr-x 3 www www 4096 12月 11 17:55 staticfiles
drwxr-xr-x 4 www www 4096 12月 11 17:55 templates
drwxr-xr-x 4 www www 4096 12月 11 18:14 users
[root@web-node script]# chown -R www.www /data/www/APPServer/
启动python程序, 由于是交互式的, 这里通过tmux工具
[root@web-node ~]# yum install tmux
[root@web-node ~]# sh /data/script/py.8001_start.sh
启动脚本
[root@web-node ~]# cat /data/script/py.8001_start.sh
#!/bin/bash
tmux new -d -s bobo_session && tmux send -t bobo_session 'python /data/www/APPServer/manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8001' ENTER
tmux new -d -s bobo_session1 && tmux send -t bobo1_session 'python /data/www/APPServer/manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8002' ENTER
关闭脚本
[root@web-node ~]# cat /data/script/py.8001_stop.sh
#!/bin/bash
tmux kill-session -t bobo_session
[root@web-node ~]# lsof -i:8001
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
python 11375 root 4u IPv4 35968 0t0 TCP *:vcom-tunnel (LISTEN)
[root@web-node ~]# lsof -i:8002
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
python 11399 root 4u IPv4 36203 0t0 TCP *:teradataordbms (LISTEN)
[root@web-node ~]# ps -ef|grep tmux
root 11356 1 0 00:16 ? 00:00:00 tmux new -d -s bobo_session
root 11430 11409 0 00:17 pts/0 00:00:00 tmux a
root 11643 11335 0 00:26 pts/3 00:00:00 grep --color=auto tmux
[root@web-node ~]# tmux ls
bobo1_session: 1 windows (created Wed Dec 12 00:17:14 2018) [179x53] (attached)
bobo_session: 1 windows (created Wed Dec 12 00:16:54 2018) [135x33]
访问http://www.kevin.com 即可
uwsgi是一种线路协议而不是通信协议,在此常用于在uwsgi服务器与其他网络服务器的数据通信。uwsgi协议是一个uwsgi服务器自有的协议,它用于定义传输信息的类型。uwsgi实现了WSGI的所有接口,是一个快速、自我修复、开发人员和系统管理员友好的服务器。uwsgi代码完全用C编写,效率高、性能稳定。
uwsgi作用 Django 是一个 Web 框架,框架的作用在于处理 request 和 reponse,其他的不是框架所关心的内容。所以怎么部署 Django 不是 Django 所需要关心的。Django 所提供的是一个开发服务器,这个开发服务器,没有经过安全测试,而且使用的是 Python 自带的 simple HTTPServer 创建的,在安全性和效率上都是不行的而uwsgi 是一个全功能的 HTTP 服务器,他要做的就是把 HTTP 协议转化成语言支持的网络协议。比如把 HTTP 协议转化成 WSGI 协议,让 Python 可以直接使用。 uwsgi 是一种 uwsgi 的内部协议,使用二进制方式和其他应用程序进行通信。
如果使用uwsgi, 则操作如下:
安装uwsgi
[root@web-node ~]# pip3 install uwsgi
编写测试:
[root@web-node ~]# cat /root/test.py
def application(env, start_response):
start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])
return [b"Hello World"]
启动测试:
[root@web-node ~]# uwsgi --http :9009 --wsgi-file test.py
访问http://localhost:9009 , 即可看到Hello World
nginx+uwsgi配置
[root@web-node ~]# ll /usr/local/nginx/conf/uwsgi*
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 395 12月 11 21:36 /usr/local/nginx/conf/uwsgi.ini
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 664 12月 11 17:06 /usr/local/nginx/conf/uwsgi_params
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 664 12月 11 17:06 /usr/local/nginx/conf/uwsgi_params.default
[root@web-node ~]# cat vhosts/ng.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.kevin.com btc.kevin.com eth.kevin.com;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8001-access.log main;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8001-error.log;
location / {
uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8000;
include uwsgi_params;
access_log off;
}
location /static/ {
alias /data/www/APPServer/staticfiles/;
}
}
[root@web-node ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/uwsgi.ini
[uwsgi]
socket = 127.0.0.1:8000
master = true
vhost = true
no-site = true
pidfile = /usr/local/nginx/logs/uwsgi.pid
processes = 4
chdir = /data/www/APPServer
wsgi-file = django_auth_example/wsgi.py
profiler = true
memory-report = true
enable-threads = true
logdata = true
limit-as = 6048
daemonize = /usr/local/nginx/logs/django.log
pythonpath = /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages
[root@web-node ~]# ll /data/www/APPServer/
总用量 32
-rw-r--r-- 1 www www 12288 12月 11 17:55 db.sqlite3
drwxr-xr-x 3 www www 4096 12月 11 22:08 django_auth_example
-rwxr-xr-x 1 www www 817 12月 11 17:55 manage.py
drwxr-xr-x 3 www www 4096 12月 11 17:55 staticfiles
drwxr-xr-x 4 www www 4096 12月 11 17:55 templates
drwxr-xr-x 4 www www 4096 12月 11 18:14 users
[root@web-node ~]# ll /data/www/APPServer/django_auth_example/
总用量 32
-rw-r--r-- 1 www www 43 12月 11 17:55 __init__.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 www www 184 12月 11 18:03 __init__.pyc
drwxr-xr-x 2 www www 4096 12月 11 21:12 __pycache__
-rw-r--r-- 1 www www 3802 12月 11 17:55 settings.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 www www 3241 12月 11 18:11 settings.pyc
-rw-r--r-- 1 www www 1282 12月 11 18:14 urls.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 www www 1256 12月 11 18:14 urls.pyc
-rw-r--r-- 1 www www 416 12月 11 17:55 wsgi.py
启动uwsgi
[root@web-node ~]# uwsgi --ini /usr/local/nginx/conf/uwsgi.ini
[root@web-node ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
最后访问http://www.kevin.com 即可