ansible安装介绍

原创

孔贼

修改于 2018-12-27 14:54:38

6790

修改于 2018-12-27 14:54:38

文章被收录于专栏：Linux相关Linux相关

环境

CentOS 7.2

Python 2.7.5

查看python版本

[root@ambari1 ~]# python -V
Python 2.7.5

安装ansible

通过Yum安装RPMs适用于EPEL6，7，以及仍在支持中的Fedora发行版。

托管节点的操作系统版本可以是更早的版本(如 EL5), 但必须安装 Python 2.4 或更高版本的Python。

安装方式一

Fedora 用户可直接安装Ansible，但RHEL或CentOS用户需要配置EPEL[此处使用下面的方式进行配置]：

【备注：】如果安装epel-release无法成功的话，那么说明在/etc/yum.repos.d中的CentOS-Base.repo可能被设置成bak或者其他别的原因

安装epel-release

yum install epel-release -y

安装ansible

yum install ansible -y

查看ansible的版本号

[root@ambari1 yum.repos.d]# ansible --version
ansible 2.7.5
  config file = /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
  configured module search path = [u'/root/.ansible/plugins/modules', u'/usr/share/ansible/plugins/modules']
  ansible python module location = /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ansible
  executable location = /usr/bin/ansible
  python version = 2.7.5 (default, Nov 20 2015, 02:00:19) [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-4)]

ansible的配置文件介绍

[root@ambari1 yum.repos.d]# cd /etc/ansible/
[root@ambari1 ansible]# ll
总用量 24
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 20277 12月 14 2018 ansible.cfg   #配置文件
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1016 12月 14 2018 hosts         #管控主机的文件
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root     6 12月 14 2018 roles

ansible配置主机清单

ansible通过读取默认主机清单/etc/ansible/hosts文件，修改主机与组配置后，可同时连接到多个被管理主机上执行任务。具体配置如下：

[root@ambari1 ansible]# cat hosts 
# This is the default ansible 'hosts' file.
#
# It should live in /etc/ansible/hosts
#
#   - Comments begin with the '#' character
#   - Blank lines are ignored
#   - Groups of hosts are delimited by [header] elements
#   - You can enter hostnames or ip addresses
#   - A hostname/ip can be a member of multiple groups

# Ex 1: Ungrouped hosts, specify before any group headers.

## green.example.com
## blue.example.com
## 192.168.100.1
## 192.168.100.10

# Ex 2: A collection of hosts belonging to the 'webservers' group

## [webservers]
## alpha.example.org
## beta.example.org
## 192.168.1.100
## 192.168.1.110

# If you have multiple hosts following a pattern you can specify
# them like this:

## www[001:006].example.com

# Ex 3: A collection of database servers in the 'dbservers' group

## [dbservers]
## 
## db01.intranet.mydomain.net
## db02.intranet.mydomain.net
## 10.25.1.56
## 10.25.1.57

# Here's another example of host ranges, this time there are no
# leading 0s:

## db-[99:101]-node.example.com
[master]
192.168.17.221
[agent]
192.168.17.222
192.168.17.223
[root@ambari1 ansible]# 
[root@ambari1 ansible]# clear
[root@ambari1 ansible]# cat hosts 
# This is the default ansible 'hosts' file.
#
# It should live in /etc/ansible/hosts
#
#   - Comments begin with the '#' character
#   - Blank lines are ignored
#   - Groups of hosts are delimited by [header] elements
#   - You can enter hostnames or ip addresses
#   - A hostname/ip can be a member of multiple groups

# Ex 1: Ungrouped hosts, specify before any group headers.

## green.example.com
## blue.example.com
## 192.168.100.1
## 192.168.100.10

# Ex 2: A collection of hosts belonging to the 'webservers' group

## [webservers]
## alpha.example.org
## beta.example.org
## 192.168.1.100
## 192.168.1.110

# If you have multiple hosts following a pattern you can specify
# them like this:

## www[001:006].example.com

# Ex 3: A collection of database servers in the 'dbservers' group

## [dbservers]
## 
## db01.intranet.mydomain.net
## db02.intranet.mydomain.net
## 10.25.1.56
## 10.25.1.57

# Here's another example of host ranges, this time there are no
# leading 0s:

## db-[99:101]-node.example.com
[master]
192.168.17.221
[agent]
192.168.17.222
192.168.17.223

在末尾添加master和agent相关的内容。

设置ssh无密码登录

设置免密码登录

ssh-keygen -t rsa
ssh-copy-id root@192.168.199.130
ssh-copy-id root@192.168.199.131

执行命令

[root@ambari1 .ssh]# ansible all -m ping
The authenticity of host '192.168.17.221 (192.168.17.221)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is c5:76:ed:2e:c8:6b:85:25:0b:d7:b4:8f:12:66:72:1f.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
192.168.17.221 | UNREACHABLE! => {
    "changed": false, 
    "msg": "Failed to connect to the host via ssh: Warning: Permanently added '192.168.17.221' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.\r\nPermission denied (publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password).\r\n", 
    "unreachable": true
}
192.168.17.222 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}
192.168.17.223 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}

成功！

问题解决

从上面我们可以看到，192.168.17.221这一台出现了问题，并不能执行成功，此时可以在/etc/ansible/hosts的基础上添加相关内容如下：

## db-[99:101]-node.example.com
[master]
192.168.17.221 ansible_connection=ssh ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=123456
[agent]
192.168.17.222
192.168.17.223

坚壁清野

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