Nginx 基础篇

# yum -y install epel-release
# yum -y install nginx

# tree /etc/nginx/
.
├── conf.d                  #辅助配置文件
├── default.d               #通用(默认)配置文件
├── fastcgi.conf            #fastcgi相关变量配置文件，一般作用于以PHP-FPM为后端解释器场景，下同
├── fastcgi.conf.default #
├── fastcgi_params          #fastcgi相关变量配置文件，一般作用于以PHP-FPM为后端解释器场景，下同
├── fastcgi_params.default
├── koi-utf
├── koi-win
├── mime.types              #gzip文件压缩类型对照表，作用于显式开启gzip功能时；是系统自带的 /etc/mime.types 文件的子集
├── mime.types.default
├── nginx.conf              #Nginx主配置文件
├── nginx.conf.default
├── scgi_params             #scgi相关变量配置文件，下同
├── scgi_params.default
├── uwsgi_params            #uwsgi #uwsgi相关变量配置文件，一般同基于Python的Web框架(eg: Flask/Django)协同工作，下同
├── uwsgi_params.default
└── win-utf

2 directories, 15 files

[root@Center nginx]# less nginx.conf
# For more information on configuration, see:
#   * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
#   * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/

user nginx; # 以指定用户身份运行worker process(工作进程)
worker_processes auto; # worker process数量，建议 ≤ CPU核心数，auto表示等于CPU核心数
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; #错误日志存储路径
pid /run/nginx.pid; #主进程文件目录(PID文件)

# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/nginx/README.dynamic.
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf; #动态模块配置文件

events {
    worker_connections 1024; #每个worker process所能够接受的最大并发连接数，建议使用默认值
}

http {
    #访问日志格式定义
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main; #应用特定的访问日志格式，并指明存储路径

    sendfile            on; #开启sendfile功能
    tcp_nopush          on;
    tcp_nodelay         on;
    keepalive_timeout   65; #长连接超时时长
    types_hash_max_size 2048;
    gzip  on;               #开启gzip压缩功能

    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type        application/octet-stream;

    # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
    # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
    # for more information.
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; #引用辅助配置文件

    server { #定义一个虚拟主机
        listen       80 default_server; #监听服务端口(IPv4)，default_server表示当无匹配的server时，当前server为默认响应server(注：1个Nginx实例仅允许存在1个default_server声明)
        listen       [::]:80 default_server; #同上，此处为IPv6相关配置
        server_name  t.zhimajihua.cn; #域名
        root         /usr/share/nginx/html; #站点根目录

        # Load configuration files for the default server block.
        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf; #引用通用(默认)配置文件

        location / { #定义location
            root   html; #匹配根目录时，站点主目录路径
            index  index.html index.htm; #默认首页名称，从左到右匹配
        }

# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #当用户请求任意以 .php 为后缀的页面时，代理到特定后端主机；也可以应用在HTTPS配置段
        location ~ \.php$ {
            proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1; #反代到特定后端主机，格式形如：proxy_pass http://IP:PORT;
        }

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #fastcgi反代；也可以应用在HTTPS配置段
        location ~ \.php$ {
            root           html;
            fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000; #处理fastcgi请求的后端主机地址
            fastcgi_index  index.php;
            fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name; #该处指明的路径将用于匹配 require_url 的相对路径，/scripts应替换为站点根目录路径或$document_root(推荐)
            include        fastcgi_params;
        }

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}

        error_page 404 /404.html; #定义匹配特定错误码时，错误页路径，下同
            location = /40x.html {
        }

        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html {
        }
    }

# HTTPS相关配置段
# Settings for a TLS enabled server.
#
#    server { 
#        listen       443 ssl http2 default_server; #监听本地443(IPv4)端口，使用SSL/TLS协议加密，启用http2协议(如客户端不支持将自动向前适应 HTTP/1.1 )
#        listen       [::]:443 ssl http2 default_server; #IPv6相关
#        server_name  t.zhimajihua.cn;
#        root         /usr/share/nginx/html;
#
#        ssl_certificate "/etc/pki/nginx/server.crt"; #SSL证书路径
#        ssl_certificate_key "/etc/pki/nginx/private/server.key"; #SSL证书私钥路径
#        ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m; #SSL会话缓存配置
#        ssl_session_timeout  10m; #SSL会话超时时长，默认10min
#        ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
#        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
#
#        # Load configuration files for the default server block.
#        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
#
#        location / {
             root    /usr/share/nginx/html;
#        }
#
#        error_page 404 /404.html;
#            location = /40x.html {
#        }
#
#        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
#            location = /50x.html {
#        }
#    }

}