利用httpd+openssl来实现网站的https

利用httpd+openssl来实现网站的https

                                        CA验证中心（颁发/吊销证书）                                         /                 \ \                                  CA 证书    /             下发   \ \ 证书请求                                          /             证书   \ \                                    client <--------数字证书------ WEB 1。web服务器,生成非对称加密密钥对（web公钥，web私钥） 2。web服务器使用 web身份信息＋web公钥 生成 web服务器的证书请求 ，并将证书请求发给CA服务器 3。CA服务器使用 CA的私钥 对 web 服务器的证书请求 进行数字签名得到 web服务器的数字证书，并将web服务器的数字证书颁发给web服务器。 4。client访问web服务器，请求https连接，下载web数字证书 5。client下载 CA数字证书（CA身份信息＋CA公钥，由上一级CA颁发，也可自签名颁发），验证 web数字证书（CA数字证书中有CA公钥，web数字证书是使用CA私钥签名的） 6。client与web协商对称加密算法，client生成对称加密密钥并使用web公钥加密，发送给web服务器，web服务器使用web私钥解密 7。使用对称加密密钥传输数据，并校验数据的完整性 利用httpd+openssl来实现网站的https

下面呢我们来讲一下具体步骤 配置CA服务器 ======================================================== 1.配置CA 172.16.1.2 生成CA自己的公钥 私钥 CA对自己进行证书自签名 (用脚本生成) [root@CA ~]# vim /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf dir             = /etc/CA                  # Where everything is kept      第45行 basicConstraints=CA:TRUE     # 自签署的证书可以使用  第178行 [root@CA ~]# vim /etc/pki/tls/misc/CA CATOP=/etc/CA            #第42行 [root@CA ~]# /etc/pki/tls/misc/CA -newca CA certificate filename (or enter to create) Making CA certificate ... Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key ......++++++ .......................++++++ writing new private key to '../../CA/private/./cakey.pem'     #私钥 Enter PEM pass phrase:123456                         #保护CA私钥 Verifying - Enter PEM pass phrase:123456 ----- You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.', the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [GB]:CN                     #身份信息 State or Province Name (full name) [Berkshire]:BEIJING Locality Name (eg, city) [Newbury]:HD Organization Name (eg, company) [My Company Ltd]:UPLOOKING Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:IT Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:CA.uplooking.com Email Address []:CA@uplooking.com Please enter the following 'extra' attributes to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []: An optional company name []: Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf Enter pass phrase for ../../CA/private/./cakey.pem:123456     #使用私钥自签名 Check that the request matches the signature Signature ok Certificate Details:        Serial Number: 0 (0x0)        Validity            Not Before: Mar 5 01:40:50 2012 GMT            Not After : Mar 5 01:40:50 2015 GMT        Subject:            countryName = CN            stateOrProvinceName = BEIJING            organizationName = UPLOOKING            organizationalUnitName = IT            commonName = CA.uplooking.com            emailAddress = CA@uplooking.com        X509v3 extensions:                X509v3 Basic Constraints:                    CA:TRUE                Netscape Comment:                    OpenSSL Generated Certificate                X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:                    61:D5:3A:C7:5C:0F:66:FE:D5:EF:5D:A1:94:8F:FD:C2:E5:94:7D:D3                X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:                                keyid:61:D5:3A:C7:5C:0F:66:FE:D5:EF:5D:A1:94:8F:FD:C2:E5:94:7D:D3 Certificate is to be certified until Mar 5 01:40:50 2015 GMT (1095 days) Write out database with 1 new entries Data Base Updated [root@CA ~]# ls /etc/CA/private/cakey.pem     #CA私钥 [root@CA ~]# ls /etc/CA/cacert.pem         #CA证书 [root@CA ~]# ls /etc/CA/careq.pem         #CA证书请求 配置web服务器 =============================================================== web 生成自己的私钥 [root@www ~]# openssl genrsa -des3 -out /etc/httpd/conf.d/server.key         #使用des3保护私钥 Generating RSA private key, 512 bit long modulus .........++++++++++++ ......................++++++++++++ e is 65537 (0x10001) Enter pass phrase for /etc/httpd/conf.d/server.key:123456 Verifying - Enter pass phrase for /etc/httpd/conf.d/server.key:123456 生成证书请求（使用身份标识＋公钥） [root@www ~]# openssl req -new -key /etc/httpd/conf.d/server.key -out /tmp/server.csr Enter pass phrase for /etc/httpd/conf.d/server.key:123456 You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request.                     What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.', the field will be left blank. ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Country Name (2 letter code) [GB]:CN                         #这部分信息要与CA一致 !!! State or Province Name (full name) [Berkshire]:BEIJING Locality Name (eg, city) [Newbury]:HD Organization Name (eg, company) [My Company Ltd]:UPLOOKING Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:IT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:www.uplooking.com Email Address []:www@uplooking.com Please enter the following 'extra' attributes to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []: An optional company name []: 将证书请求发送给CA [root@www ~]# scp /tmp/server.csr CA.uplooking.com:/tmp/ CA服务器对证书请求进行数字签名 =============================================================================   [root@CA ~]# openssl ca -keyfile /etc/CA/private/cakey.pem -cert /etc/CA/cacert.pem -in /tmp/server.csr -out /tmp/server.crt    /etc/CA/private/cakey.pem     （这是ca的私钥）    /tmp/server.csr             （httpserver的证书请求文件）    /etc/CA/cacert.pem           (ca的证书)    /tmp/server.crt             （生成的httpserver的证书的名字） Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf Enter pass phrase for /etc/CA/private/cakey.pem: Check that the request matches the signature Signature ok Certificate Details:        Serial Number: 1 (0x1)        Validity            Not Before: Mar 5 02:20:56 2012 GMT            Not After : Mar 5 02:20:56 2013 GMT        Subject:            countryName = CN            stateOrProvinceName = BEIJING            organizationName = UPLOOKING            organizationalUnitName = IT            commonName = www.uplooking.com            emailAddress = www@uplooking.com        X509v3 extensions:            X509v3 Basic Constraints:                CA:TRUE            Netscape Comment:                OpenSSL Generated Certificate            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:                D0:6E:C7:7D:FC:BE:0D:62:CA:B9:A2:E0:2A:9A:27:32:39:0B:91:F8            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:                keyid:61:D5:3A:C7:5C:0F:66:FE:D5:EF:5D:A1:94:8F:FD:C2:E5:94:7D:D3 Certificate is to be certified until Mar 5 02:20:56 2013 GMT (365 days) Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y 1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y Write out database with 1 new entries Data Base Updated 将签名后的数字证书颁发给web [root@CA ~]# scp /tmp/server.crt www.uplooking.com:/etc/httpd/conf.d/ 配置web支持ssl实现https ========================================================== [root@www ~]# yum install httpd mod_ssl [root@www ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf SSLCertificateFile /etc/httpd/conf.d/server.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/httpd/conf.d/server.key [root@www ~]# netstat -tunpl | grep 443 tcp 0 0 :::443 :::* LISTEN 2000/httpd Client下载CA证书并导入到浏览器，然后访问www服务器 ================================================================================== client需要下载CA证书并导入浏览器，使用https访问web，浏览器验证web数字证书是否由CA颁发 打开firefox，编辑------>首选项----->高级----> 加密----->查看证书------>导入

如果还有不明白怎么生产openssl证书的可以去看下我的这篇文章：

http://sangh.blog.51cto.com/6892345/1355878  我在上次的时候就发表了大家可以看看