利用httpd+openssl来实现网站的https
CA验证中心(颁发/吊销证书) / \ \ CA 证书 / 下发 \ \ 证书请求 / 证书 \ \ client <--------数字证书------ WEB 1。web服务器,生成非对称加密密钥对(web公钥,web私钥) 2。web服务器使用 web身份信息+web公钥 生成 web服务器的证书请求 ,并将证书请求发给CA服务器 3。CA服务器使用 CA的私钥 对 web 服务器的证书请求 进行数字签名得到 web服务器的数字证书,并将web服务器的数字证书颁发给web服务器。 4。client访问web服务器,请求https连接,下载web数字证书 5。client下载 CA数字证书(CA身份信息+CA公钥,由上一级CA颁发,也可自签名颁发),验证 web数字证书(CA数字证书中有CA公钥,web数字证书是使用CA私钥签名的) 6。client与web协商对称加密算法,client生成对称加密密钥并使用web公钥加密,发送给web服务器,web服务器使用web私钥解密 7。使用对称加密密钥传输数据,并校验数据的完整性 利用httpd+openssl来实现网站的https
下面呢我们来讲一下具体步骤 配置CA服务器 ======================================================== 1.配置CA 172.16.1.2 生成CA自己的公钥 私钥 CA对自己进行证书自签名 (用脚本生成) [root@CA ~]# vim /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf dir = /etc/CA # Where everything is kept 第45行 basicConstraints=CA:TRUE # 自签署的证书可以使用 第178行 [root@CA ~]# vim /etc/pki/tls/misc/CA CATOP=/etc/CA #第42行 [root@CA ~]# /etc/pki/tls/misc/CA -newca CA certificate filename (or enter to create) Making CA certificate ... Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key ......++++++ .......................++++++ writing new private key to '../../CA/private/./cakey.pem' #私钥 Enter PEM pass phrase:123456 #保护CA私钥 Verifying - Enter PEM pass phrase:123456 ----- You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.', the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [GB]:CN #身份信息 State or Province Name (full name) [Berkshire]:BEIJING Locality Name (eg, city) [Newbury]:HD Organization Name (eg, company) [My Company Ltd]:UPLOOKING Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:IT Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:CA.uplooking.com Email Address []:CA@uplooking.com Please enter the following 'extra' attributes to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []: An optional company name []: Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf Enter pass phrase for ../../CA/private/./cakey.pem:123456 #使用私钥自签名 Check that the request matches the signature Signature ok Certificate Details: Serial Number: 0 (0x0) Validity Not Before: Mar 5 01:40:50 2012 GMT Not After : Mar 5 01:40:50 2015 GMT Subject: countryName = CN stateOrProvinceName = BEIJING organizationName = UPLOOKING organizationalUnitName = IT commonName = CA.uplooking.com emailAddress = CA@uplooking.com X509v3 extensions: X509v3 Basic Constraints: CA:TRUE Netscape Comment: OpenSSL Generated Certificate X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: 61:D5:3A:C7:5C:0F:66:FE:D5:EF:5D:A1:94:8F:FD:C2:E5:94:7D:D3 X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: keyid:61:D5:3A:C7:5C:0F:66:FE:D5:EF:5D:A1:94:8F:FD:C2:E5:94:7D:D3 Certificate is to be certified until Mar 5 01:40:50 2015 GMT (1095 days) Write out database with 1 new entries Data Base Updated [root@CA ~]# ls /etc/CA/private/cakey.pem #CA私钥 [root@CA ~]# ls /etc/CA/cacert.pem #CA证书 [root@CA ~]# ls /etc/CA/careq.pem #CA证书请求 配置web服务器 =============================================================== web 生成自己的私钥 [root@www ~]# openssl genrsa -des3 -out /etc/httpd/conf.d/server.key #使用des3保护私钥 Generating RSA private key, 512 bit long modulus .........++++++++++++ ......................++++++++++++ e is 65537 (0x10001) Enter pass phrase for /etc/httpd/conf.d/server.key:123456 Verifying - Enter pass phrase for /etc/httpd/conf.d/server.key:123456 生成证书请求(使用身份标识+公钥) [root@www ~]# openssl req -new -key /etc/httpd/conf.d/server.key -out /tmp/server.csr Enter pass phrase for /etc/httpd/conf.d/server.key:123456 You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.', the field will be left blank. ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Country Name (2 letter code) [GB]:CN #这部分信息要与CA一致 !!! State or Province Name (full name) [Berkshire]:BEIJING Locality Name (eg, city) [Newbury]:HD Organization Name (eg, company) [My Company Ltd]:UPLOOKING Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:IT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:www.uplooking.com Email Address []:www@uplooking.com Please enter the following 'extra' attributes to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []: An optional company name []: 将证书请求发送给CA [root@www ~]# scp /tmp/server.csr CA.uplooking.com:/tmp/ CA服务器对证书请求进行数字签名 ============================================================================= [root@CA ~]# openssl ca -keyfile /etc/CA/private/cakey.pem -cert /etc/CA/cacert.pem -in /tmp/server.csr -out /tmp/server.crt /etc/CA/private/cakey.pem (这是ca的私钥) /tmp/server.csr (httpserver的证书请求文件) /etc/CA/cacert.pem (ca的证书) /tmp/server.crt (生成的httpserver的证书的名字) Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf Enter pass phrase for /etc/CA/private/cakey.pem: Check that the request matches the signature Signature ok Certificate Details: Serial Number: 1 (0x1) Validity Not Before: Mar 5 02:20:56 2012 GMT Not After : Mar 5 02:20:56 2013 GMT Subject: countryName = CN stateOrProvinceName = BEIJING organizationName = UPLOOKING organizationalUnitName = IT commonName = www.uplooking.com emailAddress = www@uplooking.com X509v3 extensions: X509v3 Basic Constraints: CA:TRUE Netscape Comment: OpenSSL Generated Certificate X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: D0:6E:C7:7D:FC:BE:0D:62:CA:B9:A2:E0:2A:9A:27:32:39:0B:91:F8 X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: keyid:61:D5:3A:C7:5C:0F:66:FE:D5:EF:5D:A1:94:8F:FD:C2:E5:94:7D:D3 Certificate is to be certified until Mar 5 02:20:56 2013 GMT (365 days) Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y 1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y Write out database with 1 new entries Data Base Updated 将签名后的数字证书颁发给web [root@CA ~]# scp /tmp/server.crt www.uplooking.com:/etc/httpd/conf.d/ 配置web支持ssl实现https ========================================================== [root@www ~]# yum install httpd mod_ssl [root@www ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf SSLCertificateFile /etc/httpd/conf.d/server.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/httpd/conf.d/server.key [root@www ~]# netstat -tunpl | grep 443 tcp 0 0 :::443 :::* LISTEN 2000/httpd Client下载CA证书并导入到浏览器,然后访问www服务器 ================================================================================== client需要下载CA证书并导入浏览器,使用https访问web,浏览器验证web数字证书是否由CA颁发 打开firefox,编辑------>首选项----->高级----> 加密----->查看证书------>导入
如果还有不明白怎么生产openssl证书的可以去看下我的这篇文章:
http://sangh.blog.51cto.com/6892345/1355878 我在上次的时候就发表了大家可以看看