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寻找网站所有者
对于一些网站,我们可能会关心其所有者是谁。比如,我们已知网站的所有者会封禁网络爬虫,那么我们最好把下载速度控制得更加保守一些。我们可以使用whois协议查询域名的注册者是谁。Python中有一个针对该协议的库。现在我们来安装:
pip install python-whois
安装完成后,具体使用方法:
import whois
print(whois.whois('baidu.com'))
输出结果:
{'domain_name': ['BAIDU.COM', 'baidu.com'], 'registrar': 'MarkMonitor, Inc.', 'whois_server': 'whois.markmonitor.com', 'referral_url': None, 'updated_date': [datetime.datetime(2019, 1, 25, 4, 8, 55), datetime.datetime(2019, 1, 24, 20, 0, 51)], 'creation_date': [datetime.datetime(1999, 10, 11, 11, 5, 17), datetime.datetime(1999, 10, 11, 4, 5, 17)], 'expiration_date': [datetime.datetime(2026, 10, 11, 11, 5, 17), datetime.datetime(2026, 10, 11, 0, 0)], 'name_servers': ['NS1.BAIDU.COM', 'NS2.BAIDU.COM', 'NS3.BAIDU.COM', 'NS4.BAIDU.COM', 'NS7.BAIDU.COM', 'ns1.baidu.com', 'ns4.baidu.com', 'ns3.baidu.com', 'ns7.baidu.com', 'ns2.baidu.com'], 'status': ['clientDeleteProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientDeleteProhibited', 'clientTransferProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientTransferProhibited', 'clientUpdateProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientUpdateProhibited', 'serverDeleteProhibited https://icann.org/epp#serverDeleteProhibited', 'serverTransferProhibited https://icann.org/epp#serverTransferProhibited', 'serverUpdateProhibited https://icann.org/epp#serverUpdateProhibited', 'clientUpdateProhibited (https://www.icann.org/epp#clientUpdateProhibited)', 'clientTransferProhibited (https://www.icann.org/epp#clientTransferProhibited)', 'clientDeleteProhibited (https://www.icann.org/epp#clientDeleteProhibited)', 'serverUpdateProhibited (https://www.icann.org/epp#serverUpdateProhibited)', 'serverTransferProhibited (https://www.icann.org/epp#serverTransferProhibited)', 'serverDeleteProhibited (https://www.icann.org/epp#serverDeleteProhibited)'], 'emails': ['abusecomplaints@markmonitor.com', 'whoisrequest@markmonitor.com'], 'dnssec': 'unsigned', 'name': None, 'org': 'Beijing Baidu Netcom Science Technology Co., Ltd.', 'address': None, 'city': None, 'state': 'Beijing', 'zipcode': None, 'country': 'CN'}
构建网站所用使用的技术类型也会对我们如何爬取数据产生影响。有一个十分有用的工具可以检查网站构建的技术类型,就是builtwith模块。该模块安装方法如下:
pip install builtwith
我们通过一个例子,来学会使用:
import builtwith
print(builtwith.parse('http://www.baidu.com')
输出结果:
{'web-servers': ['Apache']}
从上面的返回结果中可以看出,百度使用了Apache。