Flutter跨平台移动端开发

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发布于 2019-05-25 09:21:52

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发布于 2019-05-25 09:21:52

文章被收录于专栏：大前端大前端

Padding（间距）

使用 padding 标签可以给子 widget 添加间距

  const Padding({
    Key key,
    @required this.padding,
    Widget child,
  }) : assert(padding != null),
       super(key: key, child: child);

all：指定四个方向使用同一间距
fromLTRB：四个方向间距分别制定
only：指定单一具体方向间距
symmetric：设置对称方向间距（vertical = top+bottom，horizontal = left+right）

/**
 * @des Padding Widget
 * @author liyongli 20190424
 * */
class PaddingWidget extends StatefulWidget{

  @override
  State<StatefulWidget> createState() => new _PaddingState();

}

/**
 * @des Padding Widget State
 * @author liyongli 20190424
 * */
class _PaddingState extends State<PaddingWidget>{

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      home: Scaffold(
          appBar: AppBar(
            title: Text("Padding Widget"),
          ),

          body: Column(
                children: <Widget>[

                  Padding(
                    padding: EdgeInsets.all(20.0),
                    child: RaisedButton(
                      child: Text("四个方向间距统一"),
                      color: Colors.blue ,
                      textColor: Colors.white,
                      onPressed: _BtnClick,
                    ),
                  ),

                  Padding(
                    padding: EdgeInsets.fromLTRB(0.0,20.0,40.0,20.0),
                    child: RaisedButton(
                      child: Text("分别指定四个方向"),
                      color: Colors.blue ,
                      textColor: Colors.white,
                      onPressed: _BtnClick,
                    ),
                  ),

                  Padding(
                    padding: EdgeInsets.only(left:40.0),
                    child: RaisedButton(
                      child: Text("单一方向添加边距"),
                      color: Colors.blue ,
                      textColor: Colors.white,
                      onPressed: _BtnClick,
                    ),
                  ),

                  Padding(
                    padding: EdgeInsets.symmetric(vertical: 20.0,horizontal: 20.0),
                    child: RaisedButton(
                      child: Text("对称方向添加边距"),
                      color: Colors.blue ,
                      textColor: Colors.white,
                      onPressed: _BtnClick,
                    ),
                  ),
                ],
              )
      ),
    );
  }

  // 按钮点击监听
  void _BtnClick(){
    print("不设置点击事件按钮会是灰色的！");
  }

}

ConstrainedBox（约束盒）

constrainedBox 可以给子 widget 添加更多约束条件。与 sizedBox 同通过 renderConstrainedBox 绘制

  const BoxConstraints({
    this.minWidth = 0.0,
    this.maxWidth = double.infinity,
    this.minHeight = 0.0,
    this.maxHeight = double.infinity
  });

minWidth：子 widget 最小宽度
maxWidth：子 widget 最大宽度
minHeight：子 widget 最小高度
maxHeight：子 widget 最大高度

@override
RenderConstrainedBox createRenderObject(BuildContext context) {
  return new RenderConstrainedBox(
    additionalConstraints: ...,
  );
}

/**
 * @des ConstrainedBox Widget
 * @author liyongli 20190424
 * */
class ConstrainedBoxWidget extends StatefulWidget{

  @override
  State<StatefulWidget> createState() => new _ConstrainedBoxState();

}

/**
 * @des ConstrainedBox Widget State
 * @author liyongli 20190424
 * */
class _ConstrainedBoxState extends State<ConstrainedBoxWidget>{

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      home: Scaffold(
          appBar: AppBar(
            title: Text("ConstrainedBox Widget"),
          ),

          body: ConstrainedBox(
            constraints: BoxConstraints(
              minHeight: 50.0,
              minWidth: double.infinity
            ),
            child: RaisedButton(
                      child: Text("A"),
                      color: Colors.blue ,
                      textColor: Colors.white,
                      onPressed: _BtnClick,
            )
          ),
      )
    );
  }

  // 按钮点击监听
  void _BtnClick(){
    print("不设置点击事件按钮会是灰色的！");
  }

}

SizeBox（固定盒）

sizedBox 可以给子 widget 指定宽高。与 constrainedBox 同通过 renderConstrainedBox 绘制

@override
RenderConstrainedBox createRenderObject(BuildContext context) {
  return new RenderConstrainedBox(
    additionalConstraints: ...,
  );
}

/**
 * @des SizedBox Widget
 * @author liyongli 20190424
 * */
class SizedBoxWidget extends StatefulWidget{

  @override
  State<StatefulWidget> createState() => new _SizedBoxState();

}

/**
 * @des SizedBox Widget State
 * @author liyongli 20190424
 * */
class _SizedBoxState extends State<SizedBoxWidget>{

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      home: Scaffold(
          appBar: AppBar(
            title: Text("SizedBox Widget"),
          ),

          body: SizedBox(
            width: double.infinity,
            height: 80.0,
            child: RaisedButton(
                      child: Text("A"),
                      color: Colors.blue ,
                      textColor: Colors.white,
                      onPressed: _BtnClick,
            )
          ),
      )
    );
  }

  // 按钮点击监听
  void _BtnClick(){
    print("不设置点击事件按钮会是灰色的！");
  }

}

UnconstrainedBox（无约束盒）

unconstrainedBox 允许子 widget 按照自有属性绘制，可用作去除父 widget 限制

/**
 * @des UnconstrainedBox Widget
 * @author liyongli 20190424
 * */
class UnconstrainedBoxWidget extends StatefulWidget{

  @override
  State<StatefulWidget> createState() => new _UnconstrainedBoxState();

}

/**
 * @des UnconstrainedBox Widget State
 * @author liyongli 20190424
 * */
class _UnconstrainedBoxState extends State<UnconstrainedBoxWidget>{

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      home: Scaffold(
          appBar: AppBar(
            title: Text("UnconstrainedBox Widget"),
          ),

          body: SizedBox(
            width: double.infinity,
            height: 80.0,
            child: UnconstrainedBox(
              child: RaisedButton(
                child: Text("A"),
                color: Colors.blue ,
                textColor: Colors.white,
                onPressed: _BtnClick,
              ),
            )
          ),
      )
    );
  }

  // 按钮点击监听
  void _BtnClick(){
    print("不设置点击事件按钮会是灰色的！");
  }

}

虽然从效果来看，父 widget 的限制没有起作用，但是实际上它只是没有影响子 widget 的大小，但还是占有了响应的空间

DecoratedBox（装饰盒）

decoratedBox 可以给子 widget 绘制前、后增添一个装饰

  const DecoratedBox({
    Key key,
    @required this.decoration,
    this.position = DecorationPosition.background,
    Widget child
  }) : assert(decoration != null),
       assert(position != null),
       super(key: key, child: child);

decoration：即将绘制的装饰
position：绘制时间。background = 在子 widget 之后绘制，foreground = 在子 widget 之前绘制
child：子 widget

/**
 * @des DecoratedBox Widget
 * @author liyongli 20190425
 * */
class DecoratedBoxWidget extends StatefulWidget{

  @override
  State<StatefulWidget> createState() => new _DecoratedBoxState();

}

/**
 * @des DecoratedBox Widget State
 * @author liyongli 20190425
 * */
class _DecoratedBoxState extends State<DecoratedBoxWidget>{

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      home: Scaffold(
          appBar: AppBar(
            title: Text("DecoratedBox Widget"),
          ),

          body: DecoratedBox(

            // 装饰
            decoration: BoxDecoration(
              borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(15.0),
              gradient: LinearGradient(colors: [Colors.blue,Colors.purpleAccent]),
              boxShadow: [
                BoxShadow(
                  color: Colors.blue,
                  offset: Offset(5.0, 5.0),
                  blurRadius: 20.0
                )
              ]
            ),

            // 主体
            child: Padding(
              padding: EdgeInsets.symmetric(vertical: 10.0,horizontal: 40.0),
              child: Text("flutter", style: TextStyle(color: Colors.white ),),
            ),
          ),
      )
    );
  }
}

Container（组合容器）

container 是各种我们已知的 widget 的组合，使用它可以实现装饰、变换、限制等各种效果

  Container({
    Key key,
    this.alignment,
    this.padding,
    Color color,
    Decoration decoration,
    this.foregroundDecoration,
    double width,
    double height,
    BoxConstraints constraints,
    this.margin,
    this.transform,
    this.child,
  }) : assert(margin == null || margin.isNonNegative),
       assert(padding == null || padding.isNonNegative),
       assert(decoration == null || decoration.debugAssertIsValid()),
       assert(constraints == null || constraints.debugAssertIsValid()),
       assert(color == null || decoration == null,
         'Cannot provide both a color and a decoration\n'
         'The color argument is just a shorthand for "decoration: new BoxDecoration(color: color)".'
       ),
       decoration = decoration ?? (color != null ? BoxDecoration(color: color) : null),
       constraints =
        (width != null || height != null)
          ? constraints?.tighten(width: width, height: height)
            ?? BoxConstraints.tightFor(width: width, height: height)
          : constraints,
       super(key: key);

width、height：当一级标签与 constraints 中同时包含 width、height 时，一级标签优先

/**
 * @des Container Widget
 * @author liyongli 20190425
 * */
class ContainerWidget extends StatefulWidget{

  @override
  State<StatefulWidget> createState() => new _ContainerState();

}

/**
 * @des Container Widget State
 * @author liyongli 20190425
 * */
class _ContainerState extends State<ContainerWidget>{

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      home: Scaffold(
          appBar: AppBar(
            title: Text("Container Widget"),
          ),

          body: Container(
            margin: EdgeInsets.only(left:70.0), //容器外间距
            constraints: BoxConstraints.tightFor(width: 200.0, height: 150.0), //卡片大小

            // 装饰
            decoration: BoxDecoration(
                borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(15.0),
                gradient: LinearGradient(colors: [Colors.blue,Colors.purpleAccent]),
                boxShadow: [
                  BoxShadow(
                      color: Colors.blue,
                      offset: Offset(5.0, 5.0),
                      blurRadius: 20.0
                  )
                ]
            ),
            transform: Matrix4.rotationZ(0.2), //卡片倾斜变换
            alignment: Alignment.center, //卡片内文字居中
            child: Text("flutter", style: TextStyle(color: Colors.white ),),
          )
      )
    );
  }
}

Scaffold Widget and TabBar Widget（脚手架及切换组件）

scaffold 是 Materrial 库中提供的一个脚手架，可以帮助开发者更快的完成功能页的开发

  const Scaffold({
    Key key,
    this.appBar,
    this.body,
    this.floatingActionButton,
    this.floatingActionButtonLocation,
    this.floatingActionButtonAnimator,
    this.persistentFooterButtons,
    this.drawer,
    this.endDrawer,
    this.bottomNavigationBar,
    this.bottomSheet,
    this.backgroundColor,
    this.resizeToAvoidBottomPadding,
    this.resizeToAvoidBottomInset,
    this.primary = true,
    this.drawerDragStartBehavior = DragStartBehavior.down,
  }) : assert(primary != null),
       assert(drawerDragStartBehavior != null),
       super(key: key);

key：当前元素的唯一标识符(类似于 Android 中的 id)
appBar：顶部导航栏
body：主体部分
floatingActionButton：悬浮按钮
drawer：抽屉部件
bottomNavigationBar：底部导航栏

模拟商品详情页骨架

/**
 * @des Scaffold Widget
 * @author liyongli 20190426
 * */
class ScaffoldWidget extends StatefulWidget{

  @override
  State<StatefulWidget> createState() => new _ScaffoldState();

}

/**
 * @des Scaffold Widget State
 * @author liyongli 20190426
 * */
class _ScaffoldState extends State<ScaffoldWidget>{

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      
      // 导航栏
      appBar: AppBar(        title: Text("Detail"),
        centerTitle: true,
        elevation: 3.0,
        leading: Builder(builder: (context){
          return IconButton(
            iconSize: 20.0,
            icon: Icon(Icons.arrow_back_ios, color: Colors.white,),
            onPressed: _finishBtn,
          );
        }),

        actions: <Widget>[
          IconButton(
            iconSize: 20.0,
            icon: Icon(Icons.favorite_border, color: Colors.white,),
            onPressed: _collectionBtn,
          ),
          IconButton(
            iconSize: 20.0,
            icon: Icon(Icons.share, color: Colors.white,),
            onPressed: _moreBtn,
          ),
        ],
      ),
      
      // 悬浮按钮
      floatingActionButton: FloatingActionButton(
        child: Icon(Icons.shopping_cart),
        onPressed: _shoppingBtn,),
      
    );
  }


  // finish
  void _finishBtn(){
    print("finish");
  }

  // shared
  void _collectionBtn(){
    print("shared");
  }
  
  // float
  void _moreBtn(){
    print("shared");
  }

  // shopping
  void _shoppingBtn(){
    print("shared");
  }
 
}

模拟新闻类APP骨架

/**
 * @des Scaffold and TabBar Widget
 * @author liyongli 20190426
 * */
class ScaffoldAndTabBarWidget extends StatefulWidget{

  @override
  State<StatefulWidget> createState() => new _ScaffoldAndTabBarState();

}

/**
 * @des Scaffold and TabBar Widget State
 * @author liyongli 20190426
 * */
class _ScaffoldAndTabBarState extends State<ScaffoldAndTabBarWidget>
    with SingleTickerProviderStateMixin {

  TabController _tabController;
  List tabs = ["热点","综合","科技","教育","财经"];
  int _selectedIndex = 0;

  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    _tabController = new TabController(length: tabs.length, vsync: this);
  }


  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      // 导航栏
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: Text("News Home", style: TextStyle(fontSize: 16.0),),
        centerTitle: true,
        elevation: 3.0,
        leading: Builder(builder: (context){
          return IconButton(
            iconSize: 20.0,
            icon: Icon(Icons.person, color: Colors.white,),
            onPressed: _finishBtn,
          );
        }),

        actions: <Widget>[
          IconButton(
            iconSize: 20.0,
            icon: Icon(Icons.message, color: Colors.white,),
            onPressed: _moreBtn,
          ),
        ],

        bottom: TabBar(   //生成Tab菜单
            controller: _tabController,
            tabs: tabs.map((e) => Tab(text: e)).toList()
        ),
      ),

      bottomNavigationBar: BottomNavigationBar( // 底部导航
        items: <BottomNavigationBarItem>[
          BottomNavigationBarItem(icon: Icon(Icons.home), title: Text('Home')),
          BottomNavigationBarItem(icon: Icon(Icons.message), title: Text('Message')),
          BottomNavigationBarItem(icon: Icon(Icons.person), title: Text('personal')),
        ],
        currentIndex: _selectedIndex,
        fixedColor: Colors.blue,
        onTap: _onItemTapped,
      ),

      body: TabBarView(
        controller: _tabController,
        children: tabs.map((e) { //创建3个Tab页
          return Container(
            alignment: Alignment.center,
            child: Text(e, textScaleFactor: 5),
          );
        }).toList(),
      ),
    );
  }

  // finish
  void _finishBtn(){
    print("finish");
  }

  // shared
  void _collectionBtn(){
    print("shared");
  }

  // float
  void _moreBtn(){
    print("shared");
  }

  // shopping
  void _shoppingBtn(){
    print("shared");
  }

  void _onItemTapped(int index) {

  }
}

本篇到此完结，更多 Flutter 跨平台移动端开发 原创内容持续更新中~

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原始发表：2019.05.24 ，如有侵权请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除

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