Django学习_简易博客(二)

$ python manage.py startapp blog

from django.db import models
from django.utils import timezone
from django.contrib.auth.models import User


class Post(models.Model):
    # 帖子状态选项，后面会用到
    STATUS_CHOICES = (
        ('draft', 'Draft'),
        ('published', 'Published'),
    )
    # 帖子标题，CharField数据库中会转换为VARCHAR
    title = models.CharField(max_length=250)
    # 简短的标记
    # slug指有效URL的一部分，能使URL更加清晰易懂。
    # 比如有这样一篇文章，标题是"13岁的孩子"，
    # 它的 URL 地址是"/posts/13-sui-de-hai-zi"，后面这一部分便是 slug。
    # 通过它构建有较好外观，SEO友好的URL
    slug = models.SlugField(max_length=250,
                            unique_for_date='publish')
    # 作者，外键
    # 一个作者可以有多篇帖子
    # 当作者被删除，相应的帖子也会被删除
    author = models.ForeignKey(User,
                               on_delete=models.CASCADE,
                               related_name='blog_posts')
    # 正文，TextField会转换为TEXT
    body = models.TextField()
    # 发布日期，timezone.now：以时区格式返回当前的时间
    publish = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)
    # 创建时间，auto_now_add：当「创建」某个对象时，日期将被自动保存
    created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    # 最后一次更新时间，auto_now：当「保存」某对象时候，日期将被自动保存
    update = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
    # 帖子的状态，choices选择STATUS_CHOICES元祖中的某一个状态
    status = models.CharField(max_length=10,
                              choices=STATUS_CHOICES,
                              default='draft')

    class Meta:
        # 对publish字段进行排列，由「-」确定为降序
        ordering = ('-publish',)

    def __str__(self):
        # 增加人们可读对象表达方式
        return self.title

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',  # 管理站点
    'django.contrib.auth',  # 验证框架
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',  # 处理内容类型的框
    'django.contrib.sessions',  # 会话框架
    'django.contrib.messages',  # 消息机制框架
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',  # 管理静态文件的框架
    'blog.apps.BlogConfig',
]

$ python manage.py makemigrations blog

$ python manage.py sqlmigrate blog 0001

CREATE TABLE "blog_post" ("id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, "title" varchar(250) NOT NULL, "slug" varchar(250) NOT NULL, "body" text NOT NULL, "publish" datetime NOT NULL, "created" datetime NOT NULL, "update" datetime NOT NULL, "status" varchar(10) NOT NULL, "author_id" integer NOT NULL REFERENCES "auth_user" ("id") DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED);
CREATE INDEX "blog_post_slug_b95473f2" ON "blog_post" ("slug");
CREATE INDEX "blog_post_author_id_dd7a8485" ON "blog_post" ("author_id");
COMMIT;

$ python manage.py migrate

$ python manage.py createsuperuser

from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Post

admin.site.register(Post)

from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Post


# admin页面普通展示
# admin.site.register(Post)

# admin页面定制展示
@admin.register(Post)
class PostAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('title', 'slug', 'author', 'publish', 'status')

@admin.register(Post)
class PostAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('title', 'slug', 'author', 'publish', 'status')
    list_filter = ('status', 'created', 'publish', 'author')
    search_fields = ('title', 'body')
    prepopulated_fields = {'slug': ('title',)}
    raw_id_fields = ('author',)
    date_hierarchy = 'publish'
    ordering = ('status', 'publish')