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社区首页 >专栏 >手把手撸PHP扩展 0x08: 协程创建（四）

手把手撸PHP扩展 0x08: 协程创建（四）

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桶哥
发布于 2019-08-01 10:05:20
7760
发布于 2019-08-01 10:05:20
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文章被收录于专栏：PHP饭米粒PHP饭米粒

这篇文章我们介绍下zend_fcall_info。我们先来看看zend_fcall_info的定义：

代码语言：javascript
复制
typedef struct _zend_fcall_info {
	size_t size;
	zval function_name;
	zval *retval;
	zval *params;
	zend_object *object;
	zend_bool no_separation;
	uint32_t param_count;
} zend_fcall_info;

size是结构体zend_fcall_info的大小，通过sizeof(fci)计算得到。

function_name是函数的名字，用来查找函数是否存在于EG(function_table)中。EG(function_table)里面包含了所有的函数。

retval是用来存放函数返回值的。

params用来存放我们需要传递给函数的参数，它是一个zval数组。

object当这个函数是属于某个类的时候会用到，指向这个类。

no_separation表示zend_call_function内部要不要释放我们的参数引用计数（一般都是传1，表示我们自己控制参数的引用计数，而zend_call_function只管使用即可）。

param_count是传递给函数的参数个数。

OK，我们通过调试来具体看看。

脚本如下：

代码语言：javascript
复制
<?php

function task()
{
	echo "success\n";
}

Study\Coroutine::create('task');

开始调试：

代码语言：javascript
复制
~/codeDir/cppCode/study # cgdb php
GNU gdb (GDB) 8.2
Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
Type "show copying" and "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "x86_64-alpine-linux-musl".
Type "show configuration" for configuration details.
For bug reporting instructions, please see:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>.
Find the GDB manual and other documentation resources online at:
    <http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/documentation/>.

For help, type "help".
Type "apropos word" to search for commands related to "word"...
Reading symbols from php...(no debugging symbols found)...done.
(gdb)

我们在zim_study_coroutine_util_create出打断点：

代码语言：javascript
复制
(gdb) b zim_study_coroutine_util_create
Breakpoint 1 at 0x7ffff78d62e0: file /root/codeDir/cppCode/study/study_coroutine_util.cc, line 10.
(gdb)

然后执行：

代码语言：javascript
复制
(gdb) r test.php
Starting program: /usr/local/bin/php test.php

Breakpoint 1, zim_study_coroutine_util_create (execute_data=0x7ffff761d090, return_value=0x7fffffffb0b0) at /root/codeDir/cppCode/study/study_coroutine_util.cc:10
(gdb)
代码语言：javascript
复制
 9│ PHP_METHOD(study_coroutine_util, create)
10├>{
11│     zend_fcall_info fci = empty_fcall_info;
12│     zend_fcall_info_cache fcc = empty_fcall_info_cache;
13│     zval result;
14│
15│     ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(1, 1)
16│         Z_PARAM_FUNC(fci, fcc)
17│     ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END_EX(RETURN_FALSE);
18│
19│     fci.retval = &result;
20│     if (zend_call_function(&fci, &fcc) != SUCCESS) {
21│         return;
22│     }
23│
24│     *return_value = result;
25│ }

我们执行到19行之前：

代码语言：javascript
复制
(gdb) u 19
zim_study_coroutine_util_create (execute_data=0x7ffff761d090, return_value=0x7fffffffb0b0) at /root/codeDir/cppCode/study/study_coroutine_util.cc:19
(gdb)
代码语言：javascript
复制
 9│ PHP_METHOD(study_coroutine_util, create)
10│ {
11│     zend_fcall_info fci = empty_fcall_info;
12│     zend_fcall_info_cache fcc = empty_fcall_info_cache;
13│     zval result;
14│
15│     ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(1, 1)
16│         Z_PARAM_FUNC(fci, fcc)
17│     ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END_EX(RETURN_FALSE);
18│
19├───> fci.retval = &result;
20│     if (zend_call_function(&fci, &fcc) != SUCCESS) {
21│         return;
22│     }
23│
24│     *return_value = result;
25│ }

此时，我们来看看fci里面的信息：

代码语言：javascript
复制
(gdb) p fci
$2 = {size = 56, function_name = {value = {lval = 93825009556768, dval = 4.6355713942725711e-310, counted = 0x5555565d9d20, str = 0x5555565d9d20, arr = 0x5555565d9d20, obj = 0x5555565d9d20, res = 0x555556
5d9d20, ref = 0x5555565d9d20, ast = 0x5555565d9d20, zv = 0x5555565d9d20, ptr = 0x5555565d9d20, ce = 0x5555565d9d20, func = 0x5555565d9d20, ww = {w1 = 1448975648, w2 = 21845}}, u1 = {v = {type = 6 '\006',
type_flags = 0 '\000', u = {call_info = 0, extra = 0}}, type_info = 6}, u2 = {next = 0, cache_slot = 0, opline_num = 0, lineno = 0, num_args = 0, fe_pos = 0, fe_iter_idx = 0, access_flags = 0, property_gu
ard = 0, constant_flags = 0, extra = 0}}, retval = 0x0, params = 0x0, object = 0x0, no_separation = 1 '\001', param_count = 0}
(gdb)

fci.size的值是56，正好是sizeof(zend_fcall_info)的大小：

代码语言：javascript
复制
8 + 16 + 8 + 8 + 8 + 8(本来是zend_bool + uint32_t是5字节的，但是因为内存对齐所以占用8字节)

我们再来看看function_name，它是一个zval类型的结构体。因为function_name.u1.v.type的值是6，所以这个zval里面指向一个zend_string。所以我们需要取fci.function_name.value.str：

代码语言：javascript
复制
(gdb) p *fci.function_name.value.str
$5 = {gc = {refcount = 1, u = {type_info = 454}}, h = 9223372043240494936, len = 4, val = "t"}
(gdb)

我们发现，这个zend_string里面包含的字符串长度为4，所以我们如下查看字符串内容：

代码语言：javascript
复制
(gdb) p *fci.function_name.value.str.val@4
$7 = "task"
(gdb)

OK，这就是我们的传递给我们接口的函数名字。

retval的话，没必要讲。

我们再来看看我们传递给task函数的参数fci.params：

代码语言：javascript
复制
(gdb) p fci.params
$8 = (zval *) 0x0
(gdb)

因为我们没有给task函数传递任何参数。

很显然，fci.param_count的值为0：

代码语言：javascript
复制
(gdb) p fci.param_count
$9 = 0
(gdb)

我们再来看看fci.object的值：

代码语言：javascript
复制
(gdb) p fci.object
$10 = (zend_object *) 0x0
(gdb)

因为我们这个函数不在任何类里面定义，所以很显然object是0。

OK，那如果我要给这个task函数传递参数我该怎么去做呢？比如如下脚本：

代码语言：javascript
复制
<?php

function task($a, $b)
{
	echo $a . PHP_EOL;
	echo $b . PHP_EOL;
}

Study\Coroutine::create('task', 'a', 'b');

我们需要修改一下PHP_METHOD(study_coroutine_util, create)这个接口：

代码语言：javascript
复制
PHP_METHOD(study_coroutine_util, create)
{
    zend_fcall_info fci = empty_fcall_info;
    zend_fcall_info_cache fcc = empty_fcall_info_cache;
    zval result;

    ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(1, -1)
        Z_PARAM_FUNC(fci, fcc)
        Z_PARAM_VARIADIC('*', fci.params, fci.param_count)
    ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END_EX(RETURN_FALSE);

    fci.retval = &result;
    if (zend_call_function(&fci, &fcc) != SUCCESS) {
        return;
    }

    *return_value = result;
}

我们重新编译扩展：

代码语言：javascript
复制
make clean && make && make install

然后执行我们的脚本：

代码语言：javascript
复制
~/codeDir/cppCode/study # php test.php
a
b
~/codeDir/cppCode/study #

其中，ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(1, -1)的-1代表没有限制传递给Study\Coroutine::create接口函数的最大参数个数限制，也就是可变参数。

Z_PARAM_VARIADIC这个宏是用来解析可变参数的，'*'对于Z_PARAM_VARIADIC实际上并没有用到。*表示可变参数可传或者不传递。与之对应的是'+'，表示可变参数至少传递一个。

OK，我们来进行调试：

代码语言：javascript
复制
~/codeDir/cppCode/study # cgdb php
GNU gdb (GDB) 8.2
Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
Type "show copying" and "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "x86_64-alpine-linux-musl".
Type "show configuration" for configuration details.
For bug reporting instructions, please see:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>.
Find the GDB manual and other documentation resources online at:
    <http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/documentation/>.

For help, type "help".
Type "apropos word" to search for commands related to "word"...
Reading symbols from php...(no debugging symbols found)...done.
(gdb)

我们在zim_study_coroutine_util_create出打断点：

代码语言：javascript
复制
(gdb) b zim_study_coroutine_util_create
Breakpoint 1 at 0x7ffff78d62e0: file /root/codeDir/cppCode/study/study_coroutine_util.cc, line 10.
(gdb)

然后执行：

代码语言：javascript
复制
(gdb) r test.php
Starting program: /usr/local/bin/php test.php

Breakpoint 1, zim_study_coroutine_util_create (execute_data=0x7ffff761d090, return_value=0x7fffffffb0b0) at /root/codeDir/cppCode/study/study_coroutine_util.cc:10
(gdb)
代码语言：javascript
复制
 9│ PHP_METHOD(study_coroutine_util, create)
10├>{
11│     zend_fcall_info fci = empty_fcall_info;
12│     zend_fcall_info_cache fcc = empty_fcall_info_cache;
13│     zval result;
14│
15│     ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(1, -1)
16│         Z_PARAM_FUNC(fci, fcc)
17│         Z_PARAM_VARIADIC('*', fci.params, fci.param_count)
18│     ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END_EX(RETURN_FALSE);
19│
20│     fci.retval = &result;
21│     if (zend_call_function(&fci, &fcc) != SUCCESS) {
22│         return;
23│     }
24│
25│     *return_value = result;
26│ }

我们执行到20行之前：

代码语言：javascript
复制
(gdb) u 20
zim_study_coroutine_util_create (execute_data=0x7ffff761d090, return_value=0x7fffffffb0b0) at /root/codeDir/cppCode/study/study_coroutine_util.cc:20
(gdb)

此时，我们来查看一下fci.param_count：

代码语言：javascript
复制
(gdb) p fci.param_count
$1 = 2
(gdb)

因为我们传递了2个可变参数，所以这里是2。

我们再来看看fci.params：

代码语言：javascript
复制
(gdb) p *fci.params
$3 = {value = {lval = 140737353162016, dval = 6.9533491283979037e-310, counted = 0x7ffff7f11d20, str = 0x7ffff7f11d20, arr = 0x7ffff7f11d20, obj = 0x7ffff7f11d20, res = 0x7ffff7f11d20, ref = 0x7ffff7f11d2
0, ast = 0x7ffff7f11d20, zv = 0x7ffff7f11d20, ptr = 0x7ffff7f11d20, ce = 0x7ffff7f11d20, func = 0x7ffff7f11d20, ww = {w1 = 4159773984, w2 = 32767}}, u1 = {v = {type = 6 '\006', type_flags = 0 '\000', u =
{call_info = 0, extra = 0}}, type_info = 6}, u2 = {next = 0, cache_slot = 0, opline_num = 0, lineno = 0, num_args = 0, fe_pos = 0, fe_iter_idx = 0, access_flags = 0, property_guard = 0, constant_flags = 0
, extra = 0}}
(gdb)

我们打印第一个参数：

代码语言：javascript
复制
(gdb) p *fci.params[0].value.str.val@1
$21 = "a"
(gdb)

再打印第二个参数：

代码语言：javascript
复制
(gdb) p *fci.params[1].value.str.val@1
$22 = "b"
(gdb)

那我如果给创建协程的接口传递一个匿名函数会这么样呢？PHP脚本如下：

代码语言：javascript
复制
<?php

$c = 'c';
$d = 'd';

Study\Coroutine::create(function ($a, $b) use ($c, $d) {
	echo $a . PHP_EOL;
	echo $b . PHP_EOL;
	echo $c . PHP_EOL;
	echo $d . PHP_EOL;
}, 'a', 'b');

执行结果如下：

代码语言：javascript
复制
~/codeDir/cppCode/study # php test.php
a
b
c
d
~/codeDir/cppCode/study #

我们来调试一下：

代码语言：javascript
复制
~/codeDir/cppCode/study # cgdb php
GNU gdb (GDB) 8.2
Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
Type "show copying" and "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "x86_64-alpine-linux-musl".
Type "show configuration" for configuration details.
For bug reporting instructions, please see:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>.
Find the GDB manual and other documentation resources online at:
    <http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/documentation/>.

For help, type "help".
Type "apropos word" to search for commands related to "word"...
Reading symbols from php...(no debugging symbols found)...done.
(gdb)

我们在zim_study_coroutine_util_create出打断点：

代码语言：javascript
复制
(gdb) b zim_study_coroutine_util_create
Breakpoint 1 at 0x7ffff78d62e0: file /root/codeDir/cppCode/study/study_coroutine_util.cc, line 10.
(gdb)

然后执行：

代码语言：javascript
复制
(gdb) r test.php
Starting program: /usr/local/bin/php test.php

Breakpoint 1, zim_study_coroutine_util_create (execute_data=0x7ffff761d090, return_value=0x7fffffffb0b0) at /root/codeDir/cppCode/study/study_coroutine_util.cc:10
(gdb)
代码语言：javascript
复制
 9│ PHP_METHOD(study_coroutine_util, create)
10├>{
11│     zend_fcall_info fci = empty_fcall_info;
12│     zend_fcall_info_cache fcc = empty_fcall_info_cache;
13│     zval result;
14│
15│     ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(1, -1)
16│         Z_PARAM_FUNC(fci, fcc)
17│         Z_PARAM_VARIADIC('*', fci.params, fci.param_count)
18│     ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END_EX(RETURN_FALSE);
19│
20│     fci.retval = &result;
21│     if (zend_call_function(&fci, &fcc) != SUCCESS) {
22│         return;
23│     }
24│
25│     *return_value = result;
26│ }

我们执行到20行之前：

代码语言：javascript
复制
(gdb) u 20
zim_study_coroutine_util_create (execute_data=0x7ffff761d090, return_value=0x7fffffffb0b0) at /root/codeDir/cppCode/study/study_coroutine_util.cc:20
(gdb)

此时，我们来查看一下fci.function_name：

代码语言：javascript
复制
(gdb) p fci.function_name
$1 = {value = {lval = 140737344071552, dval = 6.9533486792693069e-310, counted = 0x7ffff7666780, str = 0x7ffff7666780, arr = 0x7ffff7666780, obj = 0x7ffff7666780, res = 0x7ffff7666780, ref = 0x7ffff766678
0, ast = 0x7ffff7666780, zv = 0x7ffff7666780, ptr = 0x7ffff7666780, ce = 0x7ffff7666780, func = 0x7ffff7666780, ww = {w1 = 4150683520, w2 = 32767}}, u1 = {v = {type = 8 '\b', type_flags = 1 '\001', u = {c
all_info = 0, extra = 0}}, type_info = 264}, u2 = {next = 0, cache_slot = 0, opline_num = 0, lineno = 0, num_args = 0, fe_pos = 0, fe_iter_idx = 0, access_flags = 0, property_guard = 0, constant_flags = 0
, extra = 0}}
(gdb)

因为fci.function_name.u1.v.type的值为8，所以它是一个对象，因为我们传递了一个闭包进去。我们通过打印如下值来进行确认：

代码语言：javascript
复制
(gdb) p /t fcc.function_handler.op_array.fn_flags
$4 = 1000000100000000000000000000
(gdb)

我们看到了第21位为1，所以这是一个闭包。

OK，分析完毕。

下一篇：协程创建（五）

----------伟大的分割线-----------

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  • 这篇文章我们介绍下zend_fcall_info。我们先来看看zend_fcall_info的定义：
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