Python 标准类库 - 因特网协议与支持之socketserver

socketserver 模块，简化网络服务编写任务。

创建服务的步骤

1 通过子类化BaseRequestHandler 类，创建一个请求处理程序，并且重写handle()方法，该方法将处理接收到的请求

2 传递服务器地址和请求处理程序类参数，实例化server类（如TCPServer）

3 调用server对象的handle_request()、serve_forever()方法，处理单个、多个请求

实例

socketserver.TCPServer

服务端(单线程服务器)

#!/usr/bin/env python 3.4.0

#-*- encoding:utf-8 -*-

__author__ = 'shouke'

import socketserver

class MyTCPHandler(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler):

    """

    供server使用的RequestHandler类.

    每个客户端连接连接到服务器时都会被初始化一次，并且必须重写handle()方法以便同客户端交流。

    """

    def handle(self):

        while True:

            # self.request即为与客户端连接的TCP socker

            self.data = self.request.recv(1024).decode('utf-8').strip()

            print('receive data from client[host：%s port：%s]：%s' % (self.client_address[0], self.client_address[1], self.data))

            if self.data == 'bye':

                self.request.sendall(bytes('bye', encoding='utf-8'))

                self.request.close()

                break

            else:

                self.request.sendall(self.data.upper().encode('utf-8'))

if __name__ == '__main__':

    # 创建TCPSocket服务器，绑定到10.118.52.26地址上，端口8000

    server = socketserver.TCPServer(('10.118.52.26', 8000), MyTCPHandler)

    # 激活服务器，让服务器一直运行，直到按Ctrl+C

    server.serve_forever()

客户端

#!/usr/bin/env python 3.4.0

#-*- encoding:utf-8 -*-

__author__ = 'shouke'

import socket

import time

if __name__ == '__main__':

if_sock_connected = False

try:

# Create a socket (SOCK_STREAM means a TCP socket)

sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)

# Connect to server and send data

sock.connect(('10.118.52.26', 8000))

if_sock_connected = True # 标记socket是否已连接

i = 0

while i < 100:

if i == 6:

sock.sendall(bytes('bye\n', "utf-8"))

else:

sock.sendall(bytes('hello world with tcp\n', "utf-8"))

# Receive data from the server

received = str(sock.recv(1024), "utf-8")

logger.info('receive data from server：%s' % received)

if received == 'bye':

break

time.sleep(5)

i += 1

except Exception as e:

logger.error('程序运行出错：%s' % e)

finally:

if if_sock_connected:

sock.close()

运行结果

函数说明：

BaseServer.serve_forever(poll_interval=0.5)

处理shudown请求除外的请求。

有关socket说明

socket.socket(family=AF_INET, type=SOCK_STREAM, proto=0, fileno=None)

使用给定的地址家族，socket 类型，协议号创建一个新的socket。

family：默认为AF_INET，其它可选值有AF_INET6, AF_UNIX, AF_CAN or AF_RDS

type：默认为SOCK_STREAM，其它可选值有 SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_RAW ，或者其它SOCK_XXX常量

protocol：通常为0或者忽略，当family为AF_CAN时，为CAN_RAW、CAN_BCM

Socket 对象

socket.close()

标记socket为closed

close()释放与连接关联的资源，但不一定立即关闭连接。如果要及时关闭连接，请在调用close()之前调用shutdown()。

socket.connect(address)

连接给定地址的远程socket

socket.recv(bufsize[, flags])

从socket接收数据。返回值即为接收的数据。

buffsize：每次接收的最大数据量。.

flags默认为0

注意：为了同硬件和网络设备最佳匹配，buffsize应该为一个相对小的2次幂，比如4096

socket.sendall(bytes[, flags])

发送字节数据到socket。不同于send方法，该方法会持续发送bytes参数给定的数据，直到所有数据被发送、错误发生。如果发送成功，则返回None，否则抛出异常。没有方法判断到底成功发送了多少数据

socket.send(bytes[, flags])

发送字节数据到socket。返回发送字节数,如果只传输了部分数据，程序会尝试发送剩余数据。

更多资料参考官方文档，socket模块

服务端(多线程服务器)

#!/usr/bin/env python 3.4.0

#-*- encoding:utf-8 -*-

__author__ = 'shouke'

import socket

import threading

import socketserver

class ThreadedTCPRequestHandler(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler):

def handle(self):

while True:

# self.request即为与客户端连接的TCP socker

self.data = self.request.recv(1024).decode('utf-8').strip()

cur_thread = threading.current_thread()

print('%s receive data from client[host：%s port：%s]：%s' % (cur_thread.name, self.client_address[0], self.client_address[1], self.data))

if self.data == 'bye':

self.request.sendall(bytes('bye', encoding='utf-8'))

self.request.close()

break

else:

self.request.sendall((cur_thread.name + ' ' + self.data.upper()).encode('utf-8'))

class ThreadedTCPServer(socketserver.ThreadingMixIn, socketserver.TCPServer):

pass

def client(ip, port, message):

with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as sock:

sock.connect((ip, port))

sock.sendall(bytes(message, 'ascii'))

response = str(sock.recv(1024), 'ascii')

print("Received: {}".format(response))

if __name__ == "__main__":

# 如果设置端口为0，则表示任意未被占用端口

HOST, PORT = "localhost", 9000

server = ThreadedTCPServer((HOST, PORT), ThreadedTCPRequestHandler)

ip, port = server.server_address

# 开启该server的一个线程，该线程会为每个请求开启更多的线程

server_thread = threading.Thread(target=server.serve_forever)

# server退出时，终止线程

#server_thread.setDaemon(True)

server_thread.start()

print("Server loop running in thread:", server_thread.name)

# server.shutdown()

# server.server_close()

客户端

#!/usr/bin/env python 3.4.0

#-*- encoding:utf-8 -*-

__author__ = 'shouke'

import socket

import time

if __name__ == '__main__':

if_sock_connected = False

try:

# 创建一个socket (SOCK_STREAM 表示为TCP socket)

sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)

# 连接到服务器

sock.connect(('localhost', 9000))

# 发送数据

if_sock_connected = True

i = 0

while i < 100:

if i == 6:

sock.sendall(bytes('bye\n', "utf-8"))

else:

sock.sendall(bytes('hello world with tcp\n', "utf-8"))

print("sent data to server：{}".format(bytes('hello world with tcp\n', "utf-8")))

# 从服务器接收数据

received = str(sock.recv(1024), "utf-8")

print('receive data from server：%s' % received)

if received == 'bye':

break

time.sleep(1)

i += 1

except Exception as e:

print('程序运行出错：%s' % e)

finally:

if if_sock_connected:

sock.close()

运行结果

更多资料，烦参考官方文档，socketserver模块。