maven常用插件

编程随笔

发布于 2019-09-11 16:02:20

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发布于 2019-09-11 16:02:20

文章被收录于专栏：后端开发随笔后端开发随笔后端开发随笔

一. 自带核心插件

https://maven.apache.org/plugins/

二. 第三方插件

1.maven-assembly-plugin

http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-assembly-plugin/

（1）打包独立运行的jar文件

<plugin>
    <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>3.1.0</version>
    <configuration>
        <descriptorRefs>
            <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
        </descriptorRefs>
        <archive>
            <manifest>
                <!-- 配置main方法入口程序 -->
                <mainClass>org.chench.Main</mainClass>
            </manifest>
        </archive>
    </configuration>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <id>make-assembly</id>
            <phase>package</phase>
            <goals>
                <goal>single</goal>
            </goals>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>

特别注意：如果在项目中使用了Spring框架，在通过maven-assembly-plugin打包成独立可执行的jar包后，在执行时可能报如下错误：

Configuration problem: Unable to locate Spring NamespaceHandler for XML schema namespace

这其实是maven-assembly-plugin的一个BUG，详见：https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/MASSEMBLY-360 解决方案：使用maven-shade-plugin插件进行打包。

（2）打包压缩文件

maven-assembly-plugin插件除了可以打包项目为可独立运行的jar文件，还可以将项目打包为压缩文件。

<!-- 部署打包: 通过maven-assembly插件压缩为tar包进行发布 -->
<plugin>
    <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>3.0.0</version>
    <configuration>
        <appendAssemblyId>false</appendAssemblyId>
        <attach>false</attach>
        <descriptors>
            <descriptor>assembly.xml</descriptor>
        </descriptors>
        <finalName>${project.name}-${project.version}</finalName>
        <outputDirectory>${basedir}/release</outputDirectory>
    </configuration>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <id>assembly</id>
            <phase>package</phase>
            <goals>
                <goal>single</goal>
            </goals>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>

assembly.xml配置：

<assembly
    xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-assembly-plugin/assembly/1.1.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-assembly-plugin/assembly/1.1.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/assembly-1.1.0.xsd">
    <id>distribution</id>
    <formats>
        <!-- 压缩包格式 -->
        <format>tar.gz</format>
        <!-- <format>zip</format> -->
    </formats>
    
    <!-- 打包文件参数配置 -->
    <fileSets>
        <!-- 脚本 -->
        <fileSet>
            <directory>${basedir}/src/main/bin</directory>
            <outputDirectory>bin</outputDirectory>
            <includes>
                <include>*.bat</include>
                <include>*.sh</include>
            </includes>
            <fileMode>0755</fileMode>
        </fileSet>
        
        <!-- sql文件 -->
        <fileSet>
            <directory>${basedir}/src/main/sql</directory>
            <outputDirectory>sql</outputDirectory>
            <includes>
                <include>*.sql</include>
            </includes>
        </fileSet>
        
        <!-- jdbc.properties, logback.xml -->
        <fileSet>
            <directory>${basedir}/src/main/resources/profiles/${profile.dir}</directory>
            <outputDirectory>conf</outputDirectory>
            <includes>
                <include>jdbc.properties</include>
                <include>logback.xml</include>
            </includes>
        </fileSet>
        
        <!-- INSTALL,README,change.log -->
        <fileSet>
            <directory>${basedir}</directory>
            <outputDirectory></outputDirectory>
            <includes>
                <include>INSTALL</include>
                <include>README.md</include>
                <include>change.log</include>
            </includes>
        </fileSet>
        
        <!-- 日志目录 -->
        <fileSet>
            <directory>target</directory>
            <outputDirectory>logs</outputDirectory>
            <excludes>
                <exclude>**/*</exclude>
            </excludes>
        </fileSet>
        
        <!-- 临时目录 -->
        <fileSet>
            <directory>target</directory>
            <outputDirectory>temp</outputDirectory>
            <excludes>
                <exclude>**/*</exclude>
            </excludes>
        </fileSet>
    </fileSets>
    <dependencySets>
        <dependencySet>
            <outputDirectory>lib</outputDirectory>
            <excludes>
                <exclude>junit:junit</exclude>
            </excludes>
        </dependencySet>
    </dependencySets>
    
    <includeBaseDirectory>true</includeBaseDirectory>
    <baseDirectory>${project.name}-${project.version}</baseDirectory>
</assembly>

2. maven-shade-plugin

https://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-shade-plugin/

打包可独立运行的jar文件

<!-- 打包可执行jar文件 -->
<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>3.1.0</version>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <phase>package</phase>
            <goals>
                <goal>shade</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
                <transformers>
                    <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">
                        <mainClass>org.chench.Main</mainClass>
                    </transformer>
                </transformers>
            </configuration>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>

对于使用了Spring框架的项目，如果在执行java -jar package.jar时报错：

Configuration problem: Unable to locate Spring NamespaceHandler for XML schema namespace

原因：如果在多个jar包中存在同名文件，如：mybatis-spring.jar和spring-context.jar中都存在META-INF/spring.schemas，maven在执行打包时可能会使用mybatis-spring.jar中的spring.schemas覆盖掉spring-context.jar中的spring.schemas。显然，mybatis-spring.jar中的spring.schemas定义的命名空间与spring-context.jar中spring.schemas定义的命名空间是不同的。这会导致在加载Spring容器时无法找到合适的命名空间！为了解决这个问题，可以在maven-shade-plugin中通过Resource Transformers将所有的spring.schemas文件中的内容都合并到一起。

<transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer">
    <resource>META-INF/spring.handlers</resource>
</transformer>
<transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer">
    <resource>META-INF/spring.schemas</resource>
</transformer>

完整配置：

<!-- 打包可执行jar文件 -->
<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>3.1.0</version>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <phase>package</phase>
            <goals>
                <goal>shade</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
                <transformers>
                    <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer">
                        <resource>META-INF/spring.handlers</resource>
                    </transformer>
                    <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer">
                        <resource>META-INF/spring.schemas</resource>
                    </transformer>
                    <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">
                        <mainClass>org.chench.Main</mainClass>
                    </transformer>
                </transformers>
            </configuration>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>

详见：https://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-shade-plugin/examples/resource-transformers.html#AppendingTransformer

3. maven-dependency-plugin

https://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-dependency-plugin/ 通过该插件可以对被依赖组件进行复制，解压等一系列操作。

场景一：在Maven多模块化项目中，可以使用maven-dependency-plugin将被依赖模块jar文件中class文件提取出来放在指定位置。

<!-- 将依赖模块的jar包文件提取出来放到指定位置 -->
<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <id>unpack</id>
            <phase>prepare-package</phase>
            <goals>
                <goal>unpack</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
                <artifactItems>
                    <artifactItem>
                        <groupId>com.xxx</groupId>
                        <artifactId>xxx-xxx</artifactId>
                        <version>1.0.0</version>
                        <type>jar</type>
                        <includes>**/*.class</includes>
                        <overWrite>false</overWrite>
                        <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/classes</outputDirectory>
                    </artifactItem>
                </artifactItems>
            </configuration>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>

场景二：将scope为system的依赖jar包一起打包

<!-- 打包scope为system的jar包 -->
<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>3.0.2</version>
        <executions>
            <execution>
                <phase>prepare-package</phase>
                <goals>
                    <goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
                </goals>
            </execution>
        </executions>
        <configuration>
            <includeScope>system</includeScope>
            <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/classes</outputDirectory>
        </configuration>
</plugin>

场景三：将scope为system的依赖jar包中的class文件解压出来重新打包

<!-- 将scope为system的依赖jar包中的class文件解压出来重新打包 -->
<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>3.0.2</version>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <id>unpack</id>
            <phase>prepare-package</phase>
            <goals>
                <goal>unpack-dependencies</goal>
            </goals>
        </execution>
    </executions>
    <configuration>
        <includeScope>system</includeScope>
        <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/classes</outputDirectory>
    </configuration>
</plugin>

4. maven-resources-plugin

https://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-resources-plugin/ maven默认使用该maven-resources-plugin资源文件，不需要明确配置。

<resources>
    <resource>
        <!-- 指定资源目录 -->
        <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
        <!-- 不打包指定类型的资源 -->
        <excludes>
            <exclude>**/*.svn</exclude>
        </excludes>
    </resource>
    <resource>
        <directory>src/main/resources/profiles/${profile.dir}</directory>
        <includes>
            <include>*.properties</include>
        </includes>
    </resource>
</resources>

5. maven-jar-plugin

https://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-jar-plugin/usage.html 使用该插件可以在打包jar文件时做一些事情，比如：定义MANIFEST.MF文件，过滤文件等。

<!-- 生成jar包时打包资源文件配置 -->
<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>3.0.2</version>
    <configuration>
        <excludes>
            <exclude>**/profiles/**</exclude>
            <exclude>**/jdbc.properties</exclude>
            <exclude>**/*.proto</exclude>
        </excludes>
    </configuration>
</plugin>

6. maven-source-plugin

https://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-source-plugin/usage.html

打包项目源码。

<!-- 打包源码 -->
<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>3.0.1</version>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <id>attach-sources</id>
            <goals>
                <goal>jar-no-fork</goal>
            </goals>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>

7. maven-compiler-plugin

https://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-compiler-plugin/usage.html 打包时设置编译参数。

<!-- 打包编译参数 -->
<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>3.6.1</version>
    <configuration>
        <source>1.6</source>
        <target>1.6</target>
        <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
    </configuration>
</plugin>

【参考】 http://blog.csdn.net/bluishglc/article/details/6085209 使用assembly打出的独立可执行jar包启动时报错spring错误的解决方法 http://www.trinea.cn/android/maven-plugin/ Maven常用插件配置和使用 http://www.jianshu.com/p/861c0d3697d0 maven-assembly-plugin打包spring项目运行报错解决

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原始发表：2017-10-24 ，如有侵权请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除

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