前往小程序,Get更优阅读体验!
立即前往
首页
学习
活动
专区
工具
TVP
发布
社区首页 >专栏 >性能监控之Telegraf+InfluxDB+Grafana+Python实现Oracle实时监控

性能监控之Telegraf+InfluxDB+Grafana+Python实现Oracle实时监控

作者头像
高楼Zee
修改2019-10-17 17:55:54
2.6K0
修改2019-10-17 17:55:54
举报
文章被收录于专栏:7DGroup

实现的效果

预备知识

Oracle动态性能视图

动态性能视图属于数据字典,它们的所有者为SYS,并且多数动态性能视图只能由特权用户和DBA用户查询。当数据库处于不同状态时,可以访问的动态性能视图有所不同。启动例程时,ORACLE会自动建立动态性能视图;停止例程时,ORACLE会自动删除动态性能视图。数据字典信息是从数据文件中获得,而动态性能视图信息是从SGA和控制文件取得。所以,两者所反映的信息还是有很大差异的。数据库管理员利用这些动态性能视图,可以了解数据库运行的一些基本信息,为我们进行数据库维护以及数据库性能优化提供一些数据上的支持。所有动态性能视图都是以 V_$ 开始的,Oracle 为每个动态性能视图提供了相应的同义词(V$开头)

通过查询 V$FIXED_TABLE ,可以列出所有可用的动态性能视图和动态性能表。

代码语言:javascript
复制
SQL> select * from V$FIXED_TABLE  where name like 'V$%';
NAME                            OBJECT_ID TYPE   TABLE_NUM
------------------------------ ---------- ----- ----------
V$WAITSTAT                     4294950915 VIEW       65537
V$BH                           4294951406 VIEW       65537
V$GC_ELEMENT                   4294951794 VIEW       65537
V$CR_BLOCK_SERVER              4294951796 VIEW       65537
V$CURRENT_BLOCK_SERVER         4294952095 VIEW       65537
V$POLICY_HISTORY               4294953128 VIEW       65537
V$ENCRYPTED_TABLESPACES        4294952996 VIEW       65537
V$GC_ELEMENTS_WITH_COLLISIONS  4294951798 VIEW       65537
V$FILE_CACHE_TRANSFER          4294951800 VIEW       65537
V$TEMP_CACHE_TRANSFER          4294951802 VIEW       65537
V$CLASS_CACHE_TRANSFER         4294951804 VIEW       65537
V$INSTANCE_CACHE_TRANSFER      4294952151 VIEW       65537
V$LOCK_ELEMENT                 4294951408 VIEW       65537
V$BSP                          4294951594 VIEW       65537
V$LOCKS_WITH_COLLISIONS        4294951410 VIEW       65537
V$FILE_PING                    4294951412 VIEW       65537
V$TEMP_PING                    4294951532 VIEW       65537
V$CLASS_PING                   4294951414 VIEW       65537
V$LOCK_ACTIVITY                4294951437 VIEW       65537
V$ROWCACHE                     4294950916 VIEW       65537

以下是不同类型的指标视图的快速表格比较:

该表的第一行是经典的等待事件和统计视图。以下几行是度量标准视图。度量标准视图是在 Oracle10g 中引入的。

度量视图计算增量和速率,这极大地简化了解决简单问题的能力,比如 “现在我的数据库的I/O速率是多少?” 这个问题,在10g之前,处理起来出奇的乏味。要回答这个问题,你必须查询 v$sysstat,例如:

代码语言:javascript
复制
Select value from v$sysstat where name='physical reads';

但是仅查询一次 v$sysstat 不能解决问题,而是“自数据库启动以来已完成了多少I / O?”的问题。要回答原始问题,必须两次查询 v$sysstat 并接受两个值之间的增量:

  • 在时间A取值
  • 在时间B取值
  • Delta = (B-A)
  • and/or get Rate = (B-A)/elapsed time

获得这些差值和速率可能是一项艰巨的工作。然后 10gOracle 引入了度量标准表,这些度量表可以在一个查询中解决问题。

等待事件视图为(系统级别)

  • V$SYSTEM_EVENT – 自启动以来累积的等待事件
  • V$EVENTMETRIC - 等待事件增量持续60秒
  • DBA_HIST_SYSTEM_EVENT – 自启动以来累计的上周按快照(小时)的等待事件

等待事件汇总到称为等待类的组中。对于等待类,有以下视图:

  • V$SYSTEM_WAIT_CLASS – 自启动以来累积
  • V$WAITCLASSMETRIC – 持续60秒增量
  • V$WAITCLASSMETRIC_HISTORY – 最后一小时的60秒增量

注意: DBA_HIST_WAITCLASSMETRIC_HISTORY 用于警报或基准,而不是日常值。

其他的就不一一展开了,具体可以参考下文:

http://datavirtualizer.com/wait-event-and-wait-class-metrics-vs-vsystem_event/

cx_Oracle

cx_Oracle 是一个 Python 扩展模块,可以访问 Oracle 数据库。它符合 Python 数据库API 2.0 规范。

基本要求

要在 Python 和 Oracle 数据库中使用 cx_Oracle7,需要满足以下条件:

  • Python 2.7或 3.5 及更高版本。
  • Oracle 客户端库。
  • Oracle 数据库。Oracle的标准客户端 - 服务器版本互操作性允许 cx_Oracle连接到较旧和较新的数据库。(推荐)
快速安装

在 Linux 上安装 cx_Oracle 的一般方法是使用 Python 的 Pip 包从 PyPI 安装 cx_Oracle

从 PyPI 安装 cx_Oracle:

代码语言:javascript
复制
python -m pip install cx_Oracle --upgrade

将 Oracle 客户端库添加到操作系统库搜索路径,例如 Linux 的 LDLIBRARYPATH

如果你的数据库位于远程计算机上,请下 适用于你的操作系统体系结构的免费Oracle Instant Client “Basic” 或 “Basic Light” 包

至于具体的 OracleClient 安装,可以参考下文:

https://cx-oracle.readthedocs.io/en/latest/user_guide/installation.html#installing-cx-oracle-on-linux

解决方案

  • Python:收集 Oracle 指标数据
  • Telegraf:收集 Python 打印的性能指标数据
  • InfluxDB:存储时间序列 Oracle 性能指标数据
  • Grafana:可视化 Dashboard

安装

具体的安装可以参考官方文档:

  • Telegraf:https://docs.influxdata.com/telegraf/v1.12/introduction/installation/
  • InfluxDB:https://docs.influxdata.com/influxdb/v1.7/introduction/installation/
  • Grafana:https://grafana.com/docs/installation/rpm/

具体设置

在 InfluxDB 中创建一个 Telegraf 数据库:

代码语言:javascript
复制
[root@zuozewei ~]# influxConnected to http://localhost:8086 version 1.6.2InfluxDB shell version: 1.6.2> create user "telegraf" with password 'telegraf'> create database telegraf> show databasesname: databasesname----_internaltelegraf

编写 python+sql 脚本以收集 oracle 指标。脚本的输出内容很重要,必须是 InfluxDB line-protocol。该脚本查询 v$ SYSMETRICv$eventmetric ,获得最后一分钟时,等待类和等待事件指标。

python代码是:

代码语言:javascript
复制
import socket,argparse,subprocess,re,cx_Oracle
fqdn = socket.getfqdn()
class OraStats():
    def __init__(self, user, passwd, sid):        self.user = user        self.passwd = passwd        self.sid = sid        self.delengine = "none"        connstr=self.user+'/'+self.passwd+'@'+self.sid        self.connection = cx_Oracle.connect(connstr)        cursor = self.connection.cursor()        cursor.execute("select distinct(SVRNAME)  from v$dnfs_servers")        rows = cursor.fetchall()
        for i in range(0, cursor.rowcount):            self.dengine_ip = rows[i][0]            proc = subprocess.Popen(["nslookup", self.dengine_ip], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)            lookupresult = proc.communicate()[0].split('\n')
            for line in lookupresult:                if 'name=' in re.sub(r'\s', '', line):                    self.delengine = re.sub('\..*$', '', re.sub(r'^.*name=', '', re.sub(r'\s', '', re.sub(r'.$', '', line))))
    # 等待类别    def waitclassstats(self, user, passwd, sid, format):        cursor = self.connection.cursor()        cursor.execute("""        select n.wait_class, round(m.time_waited/m.INTSIZE_CSEC,3) AAS        from   v$waitclassmetric  m, v$system_wait_class n        where m.wait_class_id=n.wait_class_id and n.wait_class != 'Idle'        union        select  'CPU', round(value/100,3) AAS        from v$sysmetric where metric_name='CPU Usage Per Sec' and group_id=2        union select 'CPU_OS', round((prcnt.busy*parameter.cpu_count)/100,3) - aas.cpu        from        ( select value busy        from v$sysmetric        where metric_name='Host CPU Utilization (%)'         and group_id=2 ) prcnt,        ( select value cpu_count from v$parameter where name='cpu_count' )  parameter,        ( select  'CPU', round(value/100,3) cpu from v$sysmetric where metric_name='CPU Usage Per Sec' and group_id=2) aas        """)        for wait in cursor:            wait_name = wait[0]            wait_value = wait[1]            print ("oracle_wait_class,fqdn={0},delphix={1},db={2},wait_class={3} wait_value={4}".format(fqdn, self.delengine, sid, re.sub(' ', '_', wait_name), wait_value))
    # 系统指标    def sysmetrics(self, user, passwd, sid, format):        cursor = self.connection.cursor()        cursor.execute("""        select METRIC_NAME,VALUE,METRIC_UNIT from v$sysmetric where group_id=2        """)        for metric in cursor:            metric_name = metric[0]            metric_value = metric[1]            print ("oracle_sysmetric,fqdn={0},delphix={1},db={2},metric_name={3} metric_value={4}".format(fqdn,self.delengine,sid,re.sub(' ', '_', metric_name),metric_value))
    # 在闪回恢复区中有关磁盘配额和当前磁盘使用情况    def fraused(self, user, passwd, sid, format):        cursor = self.connection.cursor()        cursor.execute("""        select round((SPACE_USED-SPACE_RECLAIMABLE)*100/SPACE_LIMIT,1) from  V$RECOVERY_FILE_DEST        """)        for frau in cursor:            fra_used = frau[0]            print ("oracle_fra_pctused,fqdn={0},delphix={1},db={2} fra_pctused={3}".format(fqdn,self.delengine,sid,fra_used))
    # 磁盘使用状态    def fsused(self):     fss = ['/oracle', '/data']     for fs in fss:            df = subprocess.Popen(["df","-P",fs], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)            output = df.communicate()[0]            total = re.sub('%','',output.split("\n")[1].split()[1])            used = re.sub('%','',output.split("\n")[1].split()[2])            pctused = re.sub('%','',output.split("\n")[1].split()[4])            print("oracle_fs_pctused,fqdn={0},fs_name={1} oraclefs_pctused={2},oraclefs_alloc={3},oraclefs_used={4}".format(fqdn,fs,pctused,total,used))
    # 等待状态    def waitstats(self, user, passwd, sid, format):        cursor = self.connection.cursor()        cursor.execute("""        select /*+ ordered use_hash(n) */        n.wait_class wait_class,        n.name wait_name,        m.wait_count  cnt,        nvl(round(10*m.time_waited/nullif(m.wait_count,0),3) ,0) avg_ms        from v$eventmetric m,        v$event_name n        where m.event_id=n.event_id        and n.wait_class <> 'Idle' and m.wait_count > 0 order by 1""")        for wait in cursor:            wait_class = wait[0]            wait_name = wait[1]            wait_cnt = wait[2]            wait_avgms = wait[3]            print ("oracle_wait_event,fqdn={0},delphix={1},db={2},wait_class={3},wait_event={4} count={5},latency={6}".format(fqdn, self.delengine,sid,re.sub(' ', '_', wait_class), re.sub(' ','_',wait_name),wait_cnt,wait_avgms))
    # 表空间使用状态    def tbsstats(self, user, passwd, sid, format):        cursor = self.connection.cursor()        cursor.execute("""        select /*+ ordered */ tablespace_name,            round(used_space),            round(max_size-used_space) free_space,            round(max_size),            round(used_space*100/max_size,2) percent_used            from (                select m.tablespace_name,                m.used_space*t.block_size/1024/1024 used_space,                (case when t.bigfile='YES' then power(2,32)*t.block_size/1024/1024                        else tablespace_size*t.block_size/1024/1024 end) max_size            from dba_tablespace_usage_metrics m, dba_tablespaces t        where m.tablespace_name=t.tablespace_name)        """)        for tbs in cursor:            tbs_name = tbs[0]            used_space_mb = tbs[1]            free_space_mb = tbs[2]            max_size_mb = tbs[3]            percent_used = tbs[4]            print ("oracle_tablespaces,fqdn={0},delphix={1},db={2},tbs_name={3} used_space_mb={4},free_space_mb={5},percent_used={6},max_size_mb={7}".format(fqdn, self.delengine, sid, re.sub(' ', '_', tbs_name), used_space_mb,free_space_mb,percent_used,max_size_mb))

if __name__ == "__main__":    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()    parser.add_argument('-f', '--format', help="Output format, default influx", choices=['kafka', 'influx'], default='influx')    subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(dest='stat')    parser_all = subparsers.add_parser('ALL', help="Get all database stats")    parser_all.add_argument('-u', '--user', help="Username with sys views grant", required=True)    parser_all.add_argument('-p', '--passwd', required=True)    parser_all.add_argument('-s', '--sid', help="tnsnames SID to connect", required=True)
    args = parser.parse_args()
    if args.stat == "ALL":        stats = OraStats(args.user, args.passwd, args.sid)        stats.waitclassstats(args.user, args.passwd, args.sid, args.format)        stats.waitstats(args.user, args.passwd, args.sid, args.format)        stats.sysmetrics(args.user, args.passwd, args.sid, args.format)        stats.tbsstats(args.user, args.passwd, args.sid, args.format)        stats.fraused(args.user, args.passwd, args.sid, args.format)        stats.fsused()

输出格式化为 InfluxDB line-protocol

代码语言:javascript
复制
[root@localhost tools]# ./oracle.shoracle_wait_class,fqdn=localhost.localdomain,delphix=none,db=172.16.106.251:1521/orcl,wait_class=Application wait_value=0oracle_wait_class,fqdn=localhost.localdomain,delphix=none,db=172.16.106.251:1521/orcl,wait_class=CPU wait_value=0.003oracle_wait_class,fqdn=localhost.localdomain,delphix=none,db=172.16.106.251:1521/orcl,wait_class=CPU_OS wait_value=0.778oracle_wait_class,fqdn=localhost.localdomain,delphix=none,db=172.16.106.251:1521/orcl,wait_class=Commit wait_value=0oracle_wait_class,fqdn=localhost.localdomain,delphix=none,db=172.16.106.251:1521/orcl,wait_class=Concurrency wait_value=0.001oracle_wait_class,fqdn=localhost.localdomain,delphix=none,db=172.16.106.251:1521/orcl,wait_class=Configuration wait_value=0oracle_wait_class,fqdn=localhost.localdomain,delphix=none,db=172.16.106.251:1521/orcl,wait_class=Network wait_value=0oracle_wait_class,fqdn=localhost.localdomain,delphix=none,db=172.16.106.251:1521/orcl,wait_class=Other wait_value=0oracle_wait_class,fqdn=localhost.localdomain,delphix=none,db=172.16.106.251:1521/orcl,wait_class=System_I/O wait_value=0.001oracle_wait_class,fqdn=localhost.localdomain,delphix=none,db=172.16.106.251:1521/orcl,wait_class=User_I/O wait_value=0oracle_wait_event,fqdn=localhost.localdomain,delphix=none,db=172.16.106.251:1521/orcl,wait_class=Commit,wait_event=log_file_sync count=2,latency=0.122oracle_wait_event,fqdn=localhost.localdomain,delphix=none,db=172.16.106.251:1521/orcl,wait_class=Concurrency,wait_event=os_thread_startup count=2,latency=21.595oracle_wait_event,fqdn=localhost.localdomain,delphix=none,db=172.16.106.251:1521/orcl,wait_class=Network,wait_event=SQL*Net_message_to_client count=17,latency=0.001oracle_wait_event,fqdn=localhost.localdomain,delphix=none,db=172.16.106.251:1521/orcl,wait_class=Other,wait_event=asynch_descriptor_resize count=4,latency=0.001oracle_wait_event,fqdn=localhost.localdomain,delphix=none,db=172.16.106.251:1521/orcl,wait_class=System_I/O,wait_event=db_file_parallel_write count=2,latency=0.081oracle_wait_event,fqdn=localhost.localdomain,delphix=none,db=172.16.106.251:1521/orcl,wait_class=System_I/O,wait_event=control_file_parallel_write count=24,latency=0.268oracle_wait_event,fqdn=localhost.localdomain,delphix=none,db=172.16.106.251:1521/orcl,wait_class=System_I/O,wait_event=control_file_sequential_read count=71,latency=0.716oracle_wait_event,fqdn=localhost.localdomain,delphix=none,db=172.16.106.251:1521/orcl,wait_class=System_I/O,wait_event=log_file_parallel_write count=7,latency=0.076oracle_wait_event,fqdn=localhost.localdomain,delphix=none,db=172.16.106.251:1521/orcl,wait_class=User_I/O,wait_event=Disk_file_operations_I/O count=16,laten

定义一个 shell 脚本执行 Python 脚本

代码语言:javascript
复制
#!/usr/bin/env bashpython /home/oracle/scripts/oracle_metrics.sh -f "influx" "ALL" "-u" "system" "-p" "xxxx" "-s" "172.16.106.251:1521/orcl"

在 oracle主机上,配置 telegraf 以60秒的间隔执行 python sh,然后将输出发送到 InfluxDB。编辑 /etc/telegraf/telegraf.conf 配置文件:

代码语言:javascript
复制
# Telegraf configuration
# Telegraf is entirely plugin driven. All metrics are gathered from the# declared inputs, and sent to the declared outputs.
# Plugins must be declared in here to be active.# To deactivate a plugin, comment out the name and any variables.
# Use 'telegraf -config telegraf.conf -test' to see what metrics a config# file would generate.
# Global tags can be specified here in key="value" format.[global_tags]  # dc = "us-east-1" # will tag all metrics with dc=us-east-1  # rack = "1a"  host="Dprima"  collector="telegraf"
# Configuration for telegraf agent[agent]  ## Default data collection interval for all inputs  interval = "10s"  ## Rounds collection interval to 'interval'  ## ie, if interval="10s" then always collect on :00, :10, :20, etc.  round_interval = true
  ## Telegraf will cache metric_buffer_limit metrics for each output, and will  ## flush this buffer on a successful write.  metric_buffer_limit = 10000  ## Flush the buffer whenever full, regardless of flush_interval.  flush_buffer_when_full = true
  ## Collection jitter is used to jitter the collection by a random amount.  ## Each plugin will sleep for a random time within jitter before collecting.  ## This can be used to avoid many plugins querying things like sysfs at the  ## same time, which can have a measurable effect on the system.  collection_jitter = "0s"
  ## Default flushing interval for all outputs. You shouldn't set this below  ## interval. Maximum flush_interval will be flush_interval + flush_jitter  flush_interval = "60s"  ## Jitter the flush interval by a random amount. This is primarily to avoid  ## large write spikes for users running a large number of telegraf instances.  ## ie, a jitter of 5s and interval 10s means flushes will happen every 10-15s  flush_jitter = "0s"
  ## Run telegraf in debug mode  debug = false  ## Run telegraf in quiet mode  quiet = false  ## Override default hostname, if empty use os.Hostname()  hostname = "Dprima"

################################################################################                                  OUTPUTS                                    ################################################################################
# Configuration for influxdb server to send metrics to[[outputs.influxdb]]  urls = ["http://influxgraf:8086"] # required  database = "telegraf" # required  precision = "s"  timeout = "5s"
[[outputs.influxdb]]  urls = ["http://localhost:9092"] # required  database = "kapacitor" # required  precision = "s"  retention_policy = "default"  timeout = "5s"
#[[outputs.file]]#  files=["/home/oracle/scripts/telegraf_debug.txt"]################################################################################                                  INPUTS                                     ################################################################################
# Oracle metrics[[inputs.exec]]  # Shell/commands array  commands = ["/home/oracle/scripts/oracle_metrics.sh"]  # Data format to consume. This can be "json", "influx" or "graphite" (line-protocol)  # NOTE json only reads numerical measurements, strings and booleans are ignored.  data_format = "influx"  interval = "60s"
################################################################################                              SERVICE INPUTS                                 ################################################################################

启动 telegraf:

代码语言:javascript
复制
telegraf -config /etc/telegraf/telegraf.conf

数据可视化

查询 InfluxDB 数据库

代码语言:javascript
复制
[root@localhost log]# influxConnected to http://localhost:8086 version 1.7.4InfluxDB shell version: 1.7.4Enter an InfluxQL query> show databasesname: databasesname----_internaltelegraf> use telegrafUsing database telegraf> show measurementsname: measurementsname----oracle_fra_pctusedoracle_sysmetricoracle_tablespacesoracle_wait_classoracle_wait_event> select * from oracle_sysmetric limit 5name: oracle_sysmetrictime                db                      delphix fqdn                  host                  metric_name                                   metric_value----                --                      ------- ----                  ----                  -----------                                   ------------1554277680000000000 172.16.14.251:1521/orcl none    localhost.localdomain localhost.localdomain Active_Parallel_Sessions                      01554277680000000000 172.16.14.251:1521/orcl none    localhost.localdomain localhost.localdomain Active_Serial_Sessions                        11554277680000000000 172.16.14.251:1521/orcl none    localhost.localdomain localhost.localdomain Average_Active_Sessions                       0.01380294950841554277680000000000 172.16.14.251:1521/orcl none    localhost.localdomain localhost.localdomain Average_Synchronous_Single-Block_Read_Latency 0.58751554277680000000000 172.16.14.251:1521/orcl none    localhost.localdomain localhost.localdomain Background_CPU_Usage_Per_Sec                  0.104149308449> 

Grafana 效果图如下:

小结

通过结合 Python 脚本开发的方式,我们可以扩展部分 Telegraf 不支持的监控项,本文简单提供了一种思路。

本文参与 腾讯云自媒体同步曝光计划,分享自微信公众号。
原始发表:2019-10-14,如有侵权请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除

本文分享自 7DGroup 微信公众号,前往查看

如有侵权,请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除。

本文参与 腾讯云自媒体同步曝光计划  ,欢迎热爱写作的你一起参与!

评论
登录后参与评论
0 条评论
热度
最新
推荐阅读
目录
  • 实现的效果
  • 预备知识
    • Oracle动态性能视图
      • cx_Oracle
        • 基本要求
        • 快速安装
    • 解决方案
      • 安装
        • 具体设置
          • 数据可视化
          • 小结
          相关产品与服务
          数据库
          云数据库为企业提供了完善的关系型数据库、非关系型数据库、分析型数据库和数据库生态工具。您可以通过产品选择和组合搭建,轻松实现高可靠、高可用性、高性能等数据库需求。云数据库服务也可大幅减少您的运维工作量,更专注于业务发展,让企业一站式享受数据上云及分布式架构的技术红利!
          领券
          问题归档专栏文章快讯文章归档关键词归档开发者手册归档开发者手册 Section 归档