Android开发中Wi-Fi处理

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发布于 2019-10-22 14:45:38

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发布于 2019-10-22 14:45:38

文章被收录于专栏：码客

wifiManager.setWifiEnabled(true)

true表示打开wifi开关，false表示关闭，该方法的返回值仅代表操作是否成功，不代表wifi状态的变化；

通过监听广播WifiManager.WIFI_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION ，来判断真正的wifi开关变化,该广播带有一个int型的值来表示wifi状态：

int wifistate = intent.getIntExtra(
					WifiManager.EXTRA_WIFI_STATE,
                	WifiManager.WIFI_STATE_DISABLED
                );
switch (wifistate) {
    case WifiManager.WIFI_STATE_DISABLED:
        //wifi已关闭
        break;
    case WifiManager.WIFI_STATE_ENABLED:
        //wifi已打开
        break;
    case WifiManager.WIFI_STATE_ENABLING:
        //wifi正在打开
        break;
    default:
        break;
}

可以看到，该操作其实是一个异步操作，一般耗时在1~3秒之间。

3 周围热点扫描

收到WI-FI已打开的广播后开始扫描

wifiManager.startScan()

以上方法为开始扫描的接口，其返回值代表操作是否成功，扫描结果通过另外一个接口获取：

List<ScanResult> results = wifiManager.getScanResults();

一般在主动调用startScan之后，大概2秒左右，会收到WifiManager.SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE_ACTION)广播通知，该广播包括一个boolean型的额外参数：

boolean isScanned = intent.getBooleanExtra(WifiManager.EXTRA_RESULTS_UPDATED, true);

上面的值表示，扫描结果是否已可用，若可用，则可以使用getScanResults获取结果，在结果没有就绪之前，会返回null。

一般系统本身会调用startScan接口，而该操作相对比较耗电，因此在应用中要酌情使用，并不需要频繁调用。

4 获取已连接过的热点

所有已经连接过的热点，都会存在本地一个文件中,一般路径为/data/misc/wifi/wpa_supplicant.conf(查看需root）,而在程序中获取则通过以下接口：

List<WifiConfiguration> configurations = wifiManager.getConfiguredNetworks();

获取到的WiFiConfiguration对象中，只有ssid和networkId是一定有的，可以用于直接连接该热点，其他信息如bssid，密钥等信息基本都是空的。（如何直接连接热点，下文叙述）

5 获取当前wifi连接信息

WifiInfo info = wifiManager.getConnectionInfo();

该对象代表当前已连接的热点，信息，无连接时返回null；该对象可获取包括ssid，bssid，networkId等信息，而ssid是包括了双引号的，如“CCMC”，在之前的扫描结果ScanResult中，ssid并不带双引号。

6 连接指定热点

连接一个未连接过的热点时，需3步： 1）创建一个配置：WifiConfiguration

public WifiConfiguration createConfiguration(AccessPoint ap) {
    String SSID = ap.getSsid();
    WifiConfiguration config = new WifiConfiguration();
    config.SSID = "\"" + SSID + "\"";

    String encryptionType = ap.getEncryptionType();
    String password = ap.getPassword();
    if (encryptionType.contains("wep")) {
        /**
         * special handling according to password length is a must for wep
         */
        int i = password.length();
        if (((i == 10 || (i == 26) || (i == 58))) && (password.matches("[0-9A-Fa-f]*"))) {
            config.wepKeys[0] = password;
        } else {
            config.wepKeys[0] = "\"" + password + "\"";
        }
        config.allowedAuthAlgorithms
                .set(WifiConfiguration.AuthAlgorithm.SHARED);
        config.allowedAuthAlgorithms.set(WifiConfiguration.AuthAlgorithm.OPEN);
        config.allowedKeyManagement.set(WifiConfiguration.KeyMgmt.NONE);
        config.wepTxKeyIndex = 0;
    } else if (encryptionType.contains("wpa")) {
        config.preSharedKey = "\"" + password + "\"";
        config.allowedKeyManagement.set(WifiConfiguration.KeyMgmt.WPA_PSK);
    } else {
        config.allowedKeyManagement.set(WifiConfiguration.KeyMgmt.NONE);
    }
    return config;
}

2）生成一个networkId

WifiConfiguration config = createConfiguration(ap);

/**
 * networkId is bigger than 0 in most time, 0 in few time and smaller than 0 in no time
 */
int networkId = networkId = wifiManager.addNetwork(config);123456

一般情况下，对一个已经连接过的热点（本地有连接记录），进行以上操作时，在api21及以上会返回一个小于0的networkId，此时，进行下一步连接是没有意义的，获得一个小于0的networkId已经表示连接失败。

3）开始连接

wifiManager.enableNetwork(networkId, true)

对于已经连接过的热点，通过小项4 中的方式，获取到该热点的networkId之后，可直接进行第三步的连接，无需1）2）；若有必要进行12步（如尝试一个新密码，因为即使使用了错误的密码连接，系统还是会为本次连接生成一个本地记录），则必须在一开始，将本地记录remove掉，remove操作将在下文介绍。

连接结果通过两个广播反馈：

WifiManager.NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION
WifiManager.SUPPLICANT_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION

其中，密码错误的结果通知需通过第二个广播判断：

int error = intent.getIntExtra(WifiManager.EXTRA_SUPPLICANT_ERROR, 0);
if (WifiManager.ERROR_AUTHENTICATING == error) {
    //密码错误,认证失败
}

其他结果均通过第一个广播接收：

if (intent.getAction().equals(WifiManager.NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION)) {
    NetworkInfo info = intent.getParcelableExtra(WifiManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO);
    if (null != info) {
        NetworkInfo.DetailedState state = info.getDetailedState();
    }
}

public enum DetailedState {
        /** Ready to start data connection setup. */
        IDLE,
        /** Searching for an available access point. */
        SCANNING,
        /** Currently setting up data connection. */
        CONNECTING,
        /** Network link established, performing authentication. */
        AUTHENTICATING,
        /** Awaiting response from DHCP server in order to assign IP address information. */
        OBTAINING_IPADDR,
        /** IP traffic should be available. */
        CONNECTED,
        /** IP traffic is suspended */
        SUSPENDED,
        /** Currently tearing down data connection. */
        DISCONNECTING,
        /** IP traffic not available. */
        DISCONNECTED,
        /** Attempt to connect failed. */
        FAILED,
        /** Access to this network is blocked. */
        BLOCKED,
        /** Link has poor connectivity. */
        VERIFYING_POOR_LINK,
        /** Checking if network is a captive portal */
        CAPTIVE_PORTAL_CHECK
    }

7 断开当前wifi连接

wifiManager.disconnect()

以上接口返回值代表当前操作是否成功，操作的最终结果，会在两个广播中有所反馈：

WifiManager.SUPPLICANT_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION
WifiManager.NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION

并且断开成功的广播会发送若干次。

8 遗忘一个已连接过的热点

boolean isRemoved = wifiManager.removeNetwork(networkId)

返回值代表操作是否成功，该操作在api21以上的系统中，成功率在10%以下，在api21以下，基本都可以成功；可以通过反复进行此操作来提高成功率，但效果不大。

实战

工具类

import android.content.Context;
import android.net.wifi.ScanResult;
import android.net.wifi.WifiConfiguration;
import android.net.wifi.WifiInfo;
import android.net.wifi.WifiManager;

import java.util.List;

public class ZJWifiUtil {
    //密码类型
    public static final int TYPE_NO_PWD = 1;
    public static final int TYPE_WEP = 2;
    public static final int TYPE_WPA = 3;
    // 定义WifiManager对象
    private WifiManager mWifiManager;

    // 构造器
    public ZJWifiUtil(Context context) {
        // 取得WifiManager对象
        mWifiManager = (WifiManager) context
            .getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE);
    }

    // 打开WIFI
    public void openWifi() {
        if (!mWifiManager.isWifiEnabled()) {
            mWifiManager.setWifiEnabled(true);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 获取已连接的WIFI
     *
     * @return
     */
    public WifiInfo getConnectWifi() {
        return mWifiManager.getConnectionInfo();
    }


    // 添加一个网络并连接
    public void addNetwork(WifiConfiguration wcg) {
        int wcgID = mWifiManager.addNetwork(wcg);
        boolean b = mWifiManager.enableNetwork(wcgID, true);
    }

    // 断开指定ID的网络
    public void disconnectWifi(int netId) {
        mWifiManager.disableNetwork(netId);
        mWifiManager.disconnect();
    }

    public void removeWifi(int netId) {
        disconnectWifi(netId);
        boolean isSucess = false;
        while (!isSucess) {
            isSucess = mWifiManager.removeNetwork(netId);
        }
    }


    public void removeWifi(String ssid) {
        WifiConfiguration tempConfig = this.isExsits(ssid);
        if (tempConfig != null) {
            disconnectWifi(tempConfig.networkId);
            boolean isSucess = false;
            while (!isSucess) {
                isSucess = mWifiManager.removeNetwork(tempConfig.networkId);
            }
        }
    }

    //创建WifiConfiguration对象
    public WifiConfiguration createWifiInfo(String ssid, String password, int type) {
        WifiConfiguration config = new WifiConfiguration();
        config.allowedAuthAlgorithms.clear();
        config.allowedGroupCiphers.clear();
        config.allowedKeyManagement.clear();
        config.allowedPairwiseCiphers.clear();
        config.allowedProtocols.clear();
        config.SSID = "\"" + ssid + "\"";

        WifiConfiguration tempConfig = this.isExsits(ssid);
        if (tempConfig != null) {
            boolean isSucess = false;
            while (!isSucess) {
                isSucess = mWifiManager.removeNetwork(tempConfig.networkId);
            }
        }
        if (type == TYPE_NO_PWD) {
            config.allowedKeyManagement.set(WifiConfiguration.KeyMgmt.NONE);
        } else if (type == TYPE_WEP) {
            config.hiddenSSID = true;

            int i = password.length();
            if (((i == 10 || (i == 26) || (i == 58))) && (password.matches("[0-9A-Fa-f]*"))) {
                config.wepKeys[0] = password;
            } else {
                config.wepKeys[0] = "\"" + password + "\"";
            }
            config.allowedAuthAlgorithms.set(WifiConfiguration.AuthAlgorithm.SHARED);
            config.allowedGroupCiphers.set(WifiConfiguration.GroupCipher.CCMP);
            config.allowedGroupCiphers.set(WifiConfiguration.GroupCipher.TKIP);
            config.allowedGroupCiphers.set(WifiConfiguration.GroupCipher.WEP40);
            config.allowedGroupCiphers.set(WifiConfiguration.GroupCipher.WEP104);
            config.allowedKeyManagement.set(WifiConfiguration.KeyMgmt.NONE);
            config.wepTxKeyIndex = 0;
        } else if (type == TYPE_WPA) {
            config.preSharedKey = "\"" + password + "\"";
            config.hiddenSSID = true;
            config.allowedAuthAlgorithms.set(WifiConfiguration.AuthAlgorithm.OPEN);
            config.allowedGroupCiphers.set(WifiConfiguration.GroupCipher.TKIP);
            config.allowedKeyManagement.set(WifiConfiguration.KeyMgmt.WPA_PSK);
            config.allowedPairwiseCiphers.set(WifiConfiguration.PairwiseCipher.TKIP);
            config.allowedGroupCiphers.set(WifiConfiguration.GroupCipher.CCMP);
            config.allowedPairwiseCiphers.set(WifiConfiguration.PairwiseCipher.CCMP);
            config.status = WifiConfiguration.Status.ENABLED;
        }
        return config;

    }

    //判断以保存列表中是否有当前ssid的WiFi
    public WifiConfiguration isExsits(String ssid) {
        List<WifiConfiguration> existingConfigs = mWifiManager.getConfiguredNetworks();
        if (existingConfigs != null && existingConfigs.size() > 0) {
            for (WifiConfiguration existingConfig : existingConfigs) {
                if (existingConfig.SSID.equals("\"" + ssid + "\"")) {
                    return existingConfig;
                }
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    public static boolean isOpen(ScanResult result) {
        String capabilities = result.capabilities.toLowerCase();
        boolean isOpen = true;
        if (capabilities.contains("wpa")) {
            isOpen = false;
        } else if (capabilities.contains("wep")) {
            isOpen = false;
        }
        return isOpen;
    }

    public void connect(WifiConfiguration config) {
        int wcgID = mWifiManager.addNetwork(config);
        mWifiManager.enableNetwork(wcgID, true);
    }

    public void connect(String ssid, String password, int type) {
        WifiConfiguration wifiConfiguration = createWifiInfo(ssid, password, type);
        connect(wifiConfiguration);
    }
}

获取Wi-Fi列表

全局变量

private var mListAdapter: SWifiAdapter? = null
private val mDatas = ArrayList<ScanResult>()
private var wifiMap = LinkedHashMap<String, ScanResult>()
var lastSize = 0;

这里之所以定义了一个wifiMap 是因为获取的ScanResult的列表中会有相同SSID的WI-FI 使用Map来过滤掉

在接收到WI-FI打开的广播后扫描WI-FI

var locManager = mContext.getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE) as LocationManager
if (!locManager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER)) {
    // 未打开位置开关，可能导致定位失败或定位不准，提示用户或做相应处理
    Toasty.warning(mContext, "自Android 6.0开始需要打开位置才可以搜索到WIFI设备").show()
} else {
    //开始扫描
    wifiMap.clear()
    lastSize = 0
    mDatas.removeAll(mDatas)
    reloadData()
    mWifiManager!!.startScan()
}

刷新列表

private fun reloadData() {
    if (isNetCardFriendly()) {
        var wifiList = mWifiManager!!.getScanResults();
        if (wifiList.size > lastSize) {
            for (item in wifiList) {
                if (wifiMap.get(item.SSID) == null) {
                    wifiMap.put(item.SSID, item)
                    mDatas.add(item)
                }
            }
            lastSize = wifiList.size
        }

        for (item in mDatas) {
            if (mWifiManager!!.connectionInfo.ssid.contains(item.SSID)) {
                mDatas.remove(item)
                mDatas.add(0, item)
                break
            }
        }
        mListAdapter?.notifyDataSetChanged()
    } else {
        mDatas.removeAll(mDatas)
        mListAdapter?.notifyDataSetChanged()
    }
}

添加广播接收

var receiver = object : BroadcastReceiver() {
    override fun onReceive(p0: Context?, mIntent: Intent?) {
        val action = mIntent?.action

        when (action) {
            WifiManager.SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE_ACTION -> {
                reloadData()
                L.i("搜索结果可用")
            }
            WifiManager.NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION -> {
                val parcelableExtra = mIntent
                    .getParcelableExtra<Parcelable>(WifiManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO)
                val wifiInfo = mIntent
                    .getParcelableExtra<WifiInfo>(WifiManager.EXTRA_WIFI_INFO)
                if (null != parcelableExtra) {
                    val networkInfo = parcelableExtra as NetworkInfo
                    val state = networkInfo.state
                    var stateDetail = networkInfo.detailedState

                    if (wifiInfo != null) {
                        L.i(wifiInfo.ssid)

                    }
                    L.i("state:${state} ---  stateDetail:${stateDetail}")
                    when (state) {
                        NetworkInfo.State.DISCONNECTED -> {
                            L.i("连接断开")
                            Toasty.info(mContext, "连接断开").show()
                        }

                        NetworkInfo.State.CONNECTED -> {
                            L.i("已连接")
                            Toasty.info(mContext, "已连接").show()
                        }

                        else -> {
                            when (stateDetail) {
                                NetworkInfo.DetailedState.CONNECTING -> {
                                    L.i("连接中...")
                                    Toasty.info(mContext, "连接中...").show()
                                }

                                NetworkInfo.DetailedState.AUTHENTICATING -> {
                                    L.i("认证中...")
                                    Toasty.info(mContext, "认证中...").show()
                                }

                                NetworkInfo.DetailedState.OBTAINING_IPADDR -> {
                                    L.i("正在获取IP地址...")
                                    Toasty.info(mContext, "正在获取IP地址...").show()
                                }

                                NetworkInfo.DetailedState.FAILED -> {
                                    L.i("连接失败")
                                    Toasty.info(mContext, "连接失败").show()
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                reloadData()
            }

            WifiManager.WIFI_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION -> {
                var wifiState = mIntent.getIntExtra(
                    WifiManager.EXTRA_WIFI_STATE,
                    WifiManager.WIFI_STATE_DISABLED
                )
                when (wifiState) {
                    WifiManager.WIFI_STATE_DISABLED -> {
                        L.i("WI-FI已关闭")
                        wifi_switch.isChecked = false
                    }

                    WifiManager.WIFI_STATE_ENABLED -> {
                        L.i("WI-FI已打开")
                        wifi_switch.isChecked = true
                        var locManager = mContext
                            .getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE) as LocationManager
                        if (!locManager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER)) {
                            Toasty.warning(
                                mContext,
                                "自Android 6.0开始需要打开位置权限才可以搜索到WIFI设备"
                            ).show()
                        } else {
                            //开始扫描
                            wifiMap.clear()
                            lastSize = 0
                            mDatas.removeAll(mDatas)
                            reloadData()
                            mWifiManager!!.startScan()
                        }
                    }

                    WifiManager.WIFI_STATE_ENABLING -> {
                        L.i("WI-FI打开中...")
                    }
                }
            }

        }
    }

}


override fun onStart() {
    super.onStart()
    val filter = IntentFilter()
    filter.addAction(WifiManager.SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE_ACTION)
    filter.addAction(WifiManager.NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION)
    filter.addAction(WifiManager.WIFI_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION)
    registerReceiver(receiver, filter)
}

override fun onStop() {
    unregisterReceiver(receiver)
    super.onStop()
}

本文参与腾讯云自媒体同步曝光计划，分享自作者个人站点/博客。

原始发表：2018-06-13，如有侵权请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除

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