python apply()函数

>>> help(apply)
Help on built-in function apply in module __builtin__:
apply(...)
    apply(object[, args[, kwargs]]) -> value
    Call a callable object with positional arguments taken from the tuple args,
    and keyword arguments taken from the optional dictionary kwargs.
    Note that classes are callable, as are instances with a __call__() method.
    <span style="color:#ff0000;">Deprecated since release 2.3. Instead, use the extended call syntax:
        function(*args, **keywords).</span>
>>> 

def say():
    print 'hello python!'
    
say()
apply(say)

def say(a):
    print a

say('hello python!')
apply(say,("hello python!",))

def say_again(a,b):
    print a,b

say_again('hello','python!')
apply(say_again,('hello','python!'))

def say(a=1,b=2):
    print a,b
 
def haha(**kw):
    print kw
    print type(kw)
    say()
    say(kw)#将kw传给a, b取默认值
    apply(say,(),kw)
 
haha(a='hello',b='python!')

def say(x,y,a=1,b=2):  
    print x,y,a,b  
   
def haha(*args,**kw):
    print args,type(args)
    print kw,type(kw)
    apply(say,args,kw)  
   
haha(1,2,a='hello',b='python!')