python 解析 crontab配置

接触python一段时间了，最近要用py做个 监控功能，需要解析crontab中的配置信息， 本想偷懒一下，直接 百度/谷哥出来，无奈半天没找着，只好自己写一个，实现代码及使用 实例如下，望各位路过的大虾大神不吝赐教，能指点得到更优的处理办法：

#/usr/bin/env python #_*_coding:utf-8_*_ # Copyright (c) 2013 stephen <zhangxmgogo@gmail.com> # All rights reserved """ 1.解析 crontab 配置文件中的五个数间参数(分 时 日 月 周)，获取他们对应的取值范围 2.将时间戳与crontab配置中一行时间参数对比，判断该时间戳是否在配置设定的时间范围内 """ #$Id $ import re, time, sys def get_struct_time(time_stamp_int): ____""" ____按整型时间戳获取格式化时间 分 时 日 月 周 ____Args: ________time_stamp_int 为传入的值为时间戳(×××)，如：1332888820 ________经过localtime转换后变成 ________time.struct_time(tm_year=2012, tm_mon=3, tm_mday=28, tm_hour=6, tm_min=53, tm_sec=40, tm_wday=2, tm_yday=88, tm_isdst=0) ____Return: ________list____返回 分 时 日 月 周 ____""" ____st_time = time.localtime(time_stamp_int) ____return [st_time.tm_min, st_time.tm_hour, st_time.tm_mday, st_time.tm_mon, st_time.tm_wday] def get_strptime(time_str, str_format): ____"""从字符串获取 整型时间戳 ____Args: ________time_str 字符串类型的时间戳 如 '31/Jul/2013:17:46:01' ________str_format 指定 time_str 的格式 如 '%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S' ____Return: ________返回10位整型(int)时间戳，如 1375146861 ____""" ____return int(time.mktime(time.strptime(time_str, str_format))) def get_str_time(time_stamp, str_format='%Y%m%d%H%M'): ____""" ____获取时间戳, ____Args: ________time_stamp 10位整型(int)时间戳，如 1375146861 ________str_format 指定返回格式，值类型为 字符串 str ____Rturn: ________返回格式 默认为 年月日时分，如2013年7月9日1时3分 :201207090103 ____""" ____return time.strftime("%s" % str_format, time.localtime(time_stamp)) def match_cont(patten, cont): ____""" ____正则匹配(精确符合的匹配) ____Args: ________patten 正则表达式 ________cont____ 匹配内容 ____Return: ________True or False ____""" ____res = re.match(patten, cont) ____if res: ________return True ____else: ________return False def handle_num(val, ranges=(0, 100), res=list()): ____"""处理纯数字""" ____val = int(val) ____if val >= ranges[0] and val <= ranges[1]: ________res.append(val) ____return res def handle_nlist(val, ranges=(0, 100), res=list()): ____"""处理数字列表 如 1,2,3,6""" ____val_list = val.split(',') ____for tmp_val in val_list: ________tmp_val = int(tmp_val) ________if tmp_val >= ranges[0] and tmp_val <= ranges[1]: ____________res.append(tmp_val) ____return res def handle_star(val, ranges=(0, 100), res=list()): ____"""处理星号""" ____if val == '*': ________tmp_val = ranges[0] ________while tmp_val <= ranges[1]: ____________res.append(tmp_val) ____________tmp_val = tmp_val + 1 ____return res def handle_starnum(val, ranges=(0, 100), res=list()): ____"""星号/数字 组合 如 */3""" ____tmp = val.split('/') ____val_step = int(tmp[1]) ____if val_step < 1: ________return res ____val_tmp = int(tmp[1]) ____while val_tmp <= ranges[1]: ________res.append(val_tmp) ________val_tmp = val_tmp + val_step ____return res def handle_range(val, ranges=(0, 100), res=list()): ____"""处理区间 如 8-20""" ____tmp = val.split('-') ____range1 = int(tmp[0]) ____range2 = int(tmp[1]) ____tmp_val = range1 ____if range1 < 0: ________return res ____while tmp_val <= range2 and tmp_val <= ranges[1]: ________res.append(tmp_val) ________tmp_val = tmp_val + 1 ____return res def handle_rangedv(val, ranges=(0, 100), res=list()): ____"""处理区间/步长 组合 如 8-20/3 """ ____tmp = val.split('/') ____range2 = tmp[0].split('-') ____val_start = int(range2[0]) ____val_end = int(range2[1]) ____val_step = int(tmp[1]) ____if (val_step < 1) or (val_start < 0): ________return res ____val_tmp = val_start ____while val_tmp <= val_end and val_tmp <= ranges[1]: ________res.append(val_tmp) ________val_tmp = val_tmp + val_step ____return res def parse_conf(conf, ranges=(0, 100), res=list()): ____"""解析crontab 五个时间参数中的任意一个""" ____#去除空格，再拆分 ____conf = conf.strip(' ').strip(' ') ____conf_list = conf.split(',') ____other_conf = [] ____number_conf = [] ____for conf_val in conf_list: ________if match_cont(PATTEN['number'], conf_val): ____________#记录拆分后的纯数字参数 ____________number_conf.append(conf_val) ________else: ____________#记录拆分后纯数字以外的参数，如通配符 * , 区间 0-8, 及 0－8/3 之类 ____________other_conf.append(conf_val) ____if other_conf: ________#处理纯数字外各种参数 ________for conf_val in other_conf: ____________for key, ptn in PATTEN.items(): ________________if match_cont(ptn, conf_val): ____________________res = PATTEN_HANDLER[key](val=conf_val, ranges=ranges, res=res) ____if number_conf: ________if len(number_conf) > 1 or other_conf: ____________#纯数字多于1，或纯数字与其它参数共存，则数字作为时间列表 ____________res = handle_nlist(val=','.join(number_conf), ranges=ranges, res=res) ________else: ____________#只有一个纯数字存在，则数字为时间 间隔 ____________res = handle_num(val=number_conf[0], ranges=ranges, res=res) ____return res def parse_crontab_time(conf_string): ____""" ____解析crontab时间配置参数 ____Args: ________conf_string____ 配置内容(共五个值：分 时 日 月 周) ________________________ 取值范围 分钟:0-59 小时:1-23 日期:1-31 月份:1-12 星期:0-6(0表示周日) ____Return: ________crontab_range____list格式，分 时 日 月 周 五个传入参数分别对应的取值范围 ____""" ____time_limit____= ((0, 59), (1, 23), (1, 31), (1, 12), (0, 6)) ____crontab_range = [] ____clist________ = [] ____conf_length = 5 ____tmp_list____ = conf_string.split(' ') ____for val in tmp_list: ________if len(clist) == conf_length: ____________break ________if val: ____________clist.append(val) ____ ____if len(clist) != conf_length: ________return -1, 'config error whith [%s]' % conf_string ____cindex = 0 ____for conf in clist: ________res_conf = [] ________res_conf = parse_conf(conf, ranges=time_limit[cindex], res=res_conf) ________if not res_conf: ____________return -1, 'config error whith [%s]' % conf_string ________crontab_range.append(res_conf) ________cindex = cindex + 1 ____return 0, crontab_range def time_match_crontab(crontab_time, time_struct): ____""" ____将时间戳与crontab配置中一行时间参数对比，判断该时间戳是否在配置设定的时间范围内 ____Args: ________crontab_time____crontab配置中的五个时间（分 时 日 月 周)参数对应时间取值范围 ________time_struct____ 某个整型时间戳，如：1375027200 对应的 分 时 日 月 周 ____Return: ________tuple 状态码, 状态描述 ____""" ____cindex = 0 ____for val in time_struct: ________if val not in crontab_time[cindex]: ____________return 0, False ________cindex = cindex + 1 ____return 0, True def close_to_cron(crontab_time, time_struct): ____"""coron的指定范围(crontab_time)中 最接近 指定时间 time_struct 的值""" ____close_time = time_struct ____cindex = 0 ____for val_struct in time_struct: ________offset_min = val_struct ________val_close = val_struct ________for val_cron in crontab_time[cindex]: ____________offset_tmp = val_struct - val_cron ____________if offset_tmp > 0 and offset_tmp < offset_min: ________________val_close = val_struct ________________offset_min = offset_tmp ________close_time[cindex] = val_close ________cindex = cindex + 1 ____return close_time def cron_time_list( ________cron_time, ________year_num=int(get_str_time(time.time(), "%Y")), ________limit_start=get_str_time(time.time(), "%Y%m%d%H%M"), ________limit_end=get_str_time(time.time() + 86400, "%Y%m%d%H%M") ____): ____#print "\nfrom ", limit_start , ' to ' ,limit_end ____""" ____获取crontab时间配置参数取值范围内的所有时间点 的 时间戳 ____Args: ________cron_time 符合crontab配置指定的所有时间点 ________year_num____指定在哪一年内 获取 ________limit_start 开始时间 ____Rturn: ________List________所有时间点组成的列表(年月日时分 组成的时间，如2013年7月29日18时56分：201307291856) ____""" ____#按小时 和 分钟组装 ____hour_minute = [] ____for minute in cron_time[0]: ________minute = str(minute) ________if len(minute) < 2: ____________minute = '0%s' % minute ________for hour in cron_time[1]: ____________hour = str(hour) ____________if len(hour) < 2: ________________hour = '0%s' % hour ____________hour_minute.append('%s%s' % (hour, minute)) ____#按天 和 小时组装 ____day_hm = [] ____for day in cron_time[2]: ________day = str(day) ________if len(day) < 2: ____________day = '0%s' % day ________for hour_mnt in hour_minute: ____________day_hm.append('%s%s' % (day, hour_mnt)) ____#按月 和 天组装 ____month_dhm = [] ____#只有30天的月份 ____month_short = ['02', '04', '06', '09', '11'] ____for month in cron_time[3]: ________month = str(month) ________if len(month) < 2: ____________month = '0%s' % month ________for day_hm_s in day_hm: ____________if month == '02': ________________if (((not year_num % 4 ) and (year_num % 100)) or (not year_num % 400)): ____________________#闰年2月份有29天 ____________________if int(day_hm_s[:2]) > 29: ________________________continue ________________else: ____________________#其它2月份有28天 ____________________if int(day_hm_s[:2]) > 28: ________________________continue ____________if month in month_short: ________________if int(day_hm_s[:2]) > 30: ____________________continue ____________month_dhm.append('%s%s' % (month, day_hm_s)) ____#按年 和 月组装 ____len_start = len(limit_start) ____len_end = len(limit_end) ____month_dhm_limit = [] ____for month_dhm_s in month_dhm: ________time_ymdhm = '%s%s' % (str(year_num), month_dhm_s) ________#开始时间\结束时间以外的排除 ________if (int(time_ymdhm[:len_start]) < int(limit_start)) or \ ________ (int(time_ymdhm[:len_end]) > int(limit_end)): ____________continue ________month_dhm_limit.append(time_ymdhm) ____if len(cron_time[4]) < 7: ________#按不在每周指定时间的排除 ________month_dhm_week = [] ________for time_minute in month_dhm_limit: ____________str_time = time.strptime(time_minute, '%Y%m%d%H%M%S') ____________if str_time.tm_wday in cron_time[4]: ________________month_dhm_week.append(time_minute) ________return month_dhm_week ____return month_dhm_limit #crontab时间参数各种写法 的 正则匹配 PATTEN = { ____#纯数字 ____'number':'^[0-9]+$', ____#数字列表,如 1,2,3,6 ____'num_list':'^[0-9]+([,][0-9]+)+$', ____#星号 * ____'star':'^\*$', ____#星号/数字 组合，如 */3 ____'star_num':'^\*\/[0-9]+$', ____#区间 如 8-20 ____'range':'^[0-9]+[\-][0-9]+$', ____#区间/步长 组合 如 8-20/3 ____'range_div':'^[0-9]+[\-][0-9]+[\/][0-9]+$' ____#区间/步长 列表 组合，如 8-20/3,21,22,34 ____#'range_div_list':'^([0-9]+[\-][0-9]+[\/][0-9]+)([,][0-9]+)+$' ____} #各正则对应的处理方法 PATTEN_HANDLER = { ____'number':handle_num, ____'num_list':handle_nlist, ____'star':handle_star, ____'star_num':handle_starnum, ____'range':handle_range, ____'range_div':handle_rangedv } def main(): ____"""测试用实例""" ____#crontab配置中一行时间参数 ____conf_string = '*/10 * * * * (cd /opt/pythonpm/devpapps;' \ ________________ ' /usr/local/bin/python2.5 data_test.py>>output_error.txt)' ____#时间戳 ____time_stamp = int(time.time())

____#解析crontab时间配置参数 分 时 日 月 周 各个取值范围 ____res, desc = parse_crontab_time(conf_string) ____if res == 0: ________cron_time = desc ____else: ________print desc ________sys, exit(-1) ____print "\nconfig:", conf_string ____print "\nparse result(range for crontab):" ____ ____print " minute:", cron_time[0] ____print " hour: ", cron_time[1] ____print " day: ", cron_time[2] ____print " month: ", cron_time[3] ____print " week day:", cron_time[4] ____#解析 时间戳对应的 分 时 日 月 周 ____time_struct = get_struct_time(time_stamp) ____print "\nstruct time(minute hour day month week) for %d :" % \ ________ time_stamp, time_struct ____#将时间戳与crontab配置中一行时间参数对比，判断该时间戳是否在配置设定的时间范围内 ____match_res = time_match_crontab(cron_time, time_struct) ____print "\nmatching result:", match_res ____#crontab配置设定范围中最近接近时指定间戳的一组时间 ____most_close = close_to_cron(cron_time, time_struct) ____print "\nin range of crontab time which is most colse to struct ", most_close ____time_list = cron_time_list(cron_time) ____print "\n\n %d times need to tart-up:\n" % len(time_list) ____print time_list[:10], '...' if __name__ == '__main__': ____#请看 使用实例 ____ ____main()