python-模块

1.找到python所在的根目录-->再找到Scripts目录-->最后找到pip.exe
2.把pip.exe所在的目录添加到环境变量中
3.pip install 要安装的模块名称   #pip install xlrd

#安装完成后,如果导入不成功
    - 重启pycharm
     - 安装错了 

def f1():
    prinrt('f1')
def f2():
    print('f2')

#调自定义模块中的功能
import aaa
aaa.f1()
aaa.f2()
 

a1.py 

# xxx.py

def show():
    print('nihao')
def func():
    pass

print(111)

#导入模块,加载此模块中的所有值到内存(一)
import xxx
print(222)
##调用模块中的函数
xxx.func()

#导入模块(二)
from xxx import func,show
from xxx import func
from xxx import *
func()

#导入模块(三)
from xxx import func as f  #起别名
def func():
    print(222)
f()

xxxxxx  #(某个文件夹)
   -jd.py  #里面有个f1函数
   -tb.py
   -pdd.py

import xxxxxx.jd
jd.f1()

from xxxxxx import jd
jd.f1()

from xxxxxx.jd import f1
f1()

#获取6个Unicode对应表中十进制相对应的数据

import random   

def get_random_code(length = 6):
    data = []
    for i in range(length):
        v = random.randint(65,90)
        data.append(chr(v))
    return  ''.join(data)
code = get_random_code()
print(code)
 
 

import random # 导入一个模块
v = random.randint(起始,终止)  #得到一个随机数

import hashlib
def get_md5(num):
    obj = hashlib.md5()
    obj.update(data.encode(utf-8))
    result = obj.hexdigest()
    return result
val = get_md5('某段数字')
print(val)

import hashlib

def get_md5(data):         # md5括号内的内容越长,越不容易被破解
    obj = hashlib.md5("sidrsicxwersdfsaersdfsdfresdy54436jgfdsjdxff123ad".encode('utf-8'))
    obj.update(data.encode('utf-8'))
    result = obj.hexdigest()
    return result

val = get_md5('123')
print(val)
 
 

import sys  #导入模块
a = [1,2,3]
b = a
print(sys.getrefcount(a)) 
#结果为:3   相当于a被使用了三次

import sys 
print(sys.getrecursionlimit())
# 结果为 :1000
 
 

import sys

if len(sys.argv) < 3:
    print('参数不够，请重新运行')
else:
    file_path = sys.argv[1]
    content = sys.argv[2]
    with open(file_path,mode='w',encoding='utf-8') as f:
        f.write(content) 
 
 

import sys
sys.path.append('D:\\')
import oldboy
 

path = '某个需要查看路径的文件' 

import os
v1 = os.path.abspath(path)
print(v1)  # 这个文件所在的全部目录
 
  
 

import os
v = r"C:\python36\新建文件夹\python36.exe D:/第三周/day14.py"
print(os.path.dirname(v))

#C:\python36\新建文件夹\python36.exe D:/第三周   一级一级往上走 
 

import os
path = "C:\python36\新建文件夹\python36.exe" 
v = 'n.txt'

result = os.path.join(path,v)
print(result)
#C:\python36\新建文件夹\python36.exe \n.txt

result = os.path.join(path,'n1','n2','n3')
print(result)
#C:\python36\新建文件夹\python36.exe \n1\n2\n3
 
 

import os
result  = os.listdir(r'D:\untitled')
for i in result:
    print(i)
 
 

import os

result = os.walk(r'D:\untitled')
for a,b,c in result:
    # a,正在查看的目录 b,此目录下的文件夹  c,此目录下的文件
    for item in c:
        path = os.path.join(a,item)
        print(path)
 
 

import os
os.rename('某个文件的名字','想要修改后的名字')
 
 

import os
#1.读取文件大小(字节)
file_size = os.stat('某个文件').st_size
#2. 一点一点读取文件
read_size = 0
with open('某个文件',mode='rb') as f1,open('将要写入的文件',mode='wb') as f2:
    while read_size < file_size:
        chunk = f1.read(1024) #每次最多去读取1024字节
        f2.write(chunk)
        read_size += len(chunk)
        val = int(read_size / file_size * 100)   #查看打印进度
        print('%s%%\r' %val ,end='')
 

import json
#序列化:将python的值转换为json格式的字符串
v = [11,22,{'k1':'v1'},True,'ggg']
v1 = json.dumps(v)
print(v1)    #"[11, 22, {"k1": "v1"}, true, "ggg"]"

#反序列化 : 将json格式的字符串转换成python的数据类型
v2 = '["alex",123]'
print(type(v2))  #字符串类型
v3 = json.loads(v2)
print(v3,type(v3))   #['alex', 123] <class 'list'>
 
 

v = {'k1':'alex','k2':'李杰'}

import json
val = json.dumps(v,ensure_ascii=False)
print(val)
 

import shutil
shutil.rmtree('要删除的目录')
 

import shutil
shutil.move('原目录','修改后的目录')
  
 

import shutil
shutil.make_archive('要压缩的文件','文件的后缀名(如zip)','要压缩到的路径')
 
 

import shutil
shutil.unpack_archive('要解压的文件',extract_dir=r'D:\code\xxxxxx\xxxx',format='zip')
 

import time
from datetime import datetime,timezone,timedelta

v1 = datetime.now()  # 获取当前本地时间
print(v1)            # 2019-04-18 16:39:31.802269

tz = timezone(timedelta(hours=7)) #当前东7区时间  (如要获取西7区时间 hours=-7)
v2 = datetime.now(tz)
print(v2)         #2019-04-18 15:39:31.802269+07:00   (中国在东8区,所以慢一个小时)

v3 = datetime.utcnow()    #当前UTC时间(世界时间)
print(v3)                 #2019-04-18 08:39:31.802269  (比中国时间慢8个小时)
 
  
 

import time
from datetime import datetime,timezone,timedelta

v1 = datetime.now()
val = v1.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")  #(年-月-日 时:分:秒)
print(val)    #2019-04-18 16:48:29

import time
from datetime import datetime,timezone,timedelta

v1 = datetime.strptime('2019-4-18','%Y-%m-%d')
print(v1,type(v1))  # 2019-04-18 00:00:00 <class 'datetime.datetime'>

import time
from datetime import datetime,timezone,timedelta

v1 = datetime.strptime('2008-08-08','%Y-%m-d')   
v2 = v1-timedelta(days=150)   #括号里的内容可以是:(year+或-  month+或-)
data = v2.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
print(data)  #2008-03-11

#先转换为datetime格式进行加减,然后转换为字符串格式打印出来
  

import time
from datetime import datetime,timezone,timedelta

ctime = time.time()
print(ctime)  # 1555578896.8276453
v1 = datetime.fromtimestamp(ctime)
print(v1) # 2019-04-18 17:14:56.827645

v1 = datetime.now()
val = v1.timestamp()
print(val)  #1555579030.002739
 

#固定搭配

 try:


 except Exception as e:

#写函数去，接受一个列表。列表中都是url，请访问每个地址并获取结果。
import requests 
def func(url_list):
    result = []
    try:
        for url in url_list:
            response = requests.get(url)
            result.append(response.text)
    except Exception as e:
        pass
    return result    #['http://www.baidu.com']  (中国无法访问谷歌)

def func2(url_list):
    result = []
    for url in url_list:
        try:
            response = requests.get(url)
            result.append(response.text)
        except Exception as e:
            pass
    return result   #['http://www.baidu.com','http://www.bing.com']

func(['http://www.baidu.com','http://www.google.com','http://www.bing.com'])