Spring IOC的理解

原创

CoffeeLand

修改于 2020-03-09 16:45:31

4110

修改于 2020-03-09 16:45:31

文章被收录于专栏：CoffeeLand

Table of Content

What is the IoC/DI？
How to understand IoC/DI?
How spring did the bean creation?
how Spring use DI to find the Beans?

What is the IoC/DI？

Sping IoC is Inversion of Control. 控制反转.

Spring DI 是 Dependency Injection 依赖注入.

它是user把创建对象的控制权交给了spring container.

这样做的好处就是可以Decoupling解耦.

控制反转是Spring 的一种设计思想, 使用的途径就是依赖注入

How to understand IoC/DI?

public class Car
{
    private Wheel wheel = new Wheel();
}

public class Wheel
{
    private float size;
}

publicclassCar{private Wheel wheel;publicCar(Wheel wheel){this.wheel = wheel;}}publicclassWheel{private float size;}

使用IoC/DI来创建对象

public class Car
{
    private Wheel wheel;
    
    // 这样做的好处就是能够解耦, 并且方便开发者能够用mock测试
    public Car(Wheel wheel)
    {
        this.wheel = wheel;
    }
}

public class Wheel
{
    private float size;
}

Spring IoC container

spring IoC 容器创建对象, 组装,配置, 管理bean的生命周期从创建到销毁.

spring容器使用DI来管理application的组件

How spring did the bean creation?

How to create a bean
Bean's lifecycle details
Bean's dependencies

How to create a bean

1.Create a metadata object

package com.tutorialspoint;

public class HelloWorld {
   private String message;

   public void setMessage(String message){
      this.message  = message;
   }
   public void getMessage(){
      System.out.println("Your Message : " + message);
   }
}

2. Create Bean Configuration File

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
   xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">

   <bean id = "helloWorld" class = "com.tutorialspoint.HelloWorld">
      <property name = "message" value = "Hello World!"/>
   </bean>

</beans>

3. Create bean

package com.tutorialspoint;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class MainApp {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("Beans.xml");
      HelloWorld obj = (HelloWorld) context.getBean("helloWorld");
      obj.getMessage();
   }
}

4. Run program

Your Message : Hello World!

ClassPathXmlApplicationContext().This API loads beans configuration file and eventually based on the provided API, it takes care of creating and initializing all the objects

ClassPathXmlApplicationContext在程序运行时会加载bean的xml配置文件,来创建bean和初始化

Bean's lifecycle details

Spring bean factory is responsible for managing the life cycle of beans created through spring container

Spring framework provides following 4 ways for controlling life cycle events of a bean:

InitializingBean and DisposableBean callback interfaces
*Aware interfaces for specific behavior
Custom init() and destroy() methods in bean configuration file
@PostConstruct and @PreDestroy annotations

how Spring use DI to find the Beans?

使用反射


public static Object newInstance(String className) {
		Class<?> cls = null;
		Object obj = null;
		try {
			cls = Class.forName(className);
			obj = cls.newInstance();
		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
			throw new RuntimeException(e);
		} catch (InstantiationException e) {
			throw new RuntimeException(e);
		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
			throw new RuntimeException(e);
		}
		return obj;
}