快速学习-RestFul实战

cwl_java

发布于 2020-03-27 09:43:52

4780

发布于 2020-03-27 09:43:52

文章被收录于专栏：cwl_Javacwl_Java

三、RestFul实战

1、TP框架中的资源路由

手册-路由-资源路由、手册-控制器-资源控制器

①创建api模块

php think build --module api

②创建news控制器

php think make:controller api/News

③设置路由(application/route.php)

\think\Route::resource('news','api/news');

相当于分别设置了以下路由：

\think\Route::get('news','api/news/index');
\think\Route::get('news/create','api/news/create');
\think\Route::post('news','api/news/save');
\think\Route::get('news/:id','api/news/read');
\think\Route::get('news/:id/edit','api/news/edit');
\think\Route::put('news/:id','api/news/update');
\think\Route::delete('news/:id','api/news/delete');

设置后会自动注册7个路由规则，如下：

标识	请求类型	生成路由规则	对应操作方法（默认）
index	GET	news	index
create	GET	news/create	create
save	POST	news	save
read	GET	news/:id	read
edit	GET	news/:id/edit	edit
update	PUT	news/:id	update
delete	DELETE	news/:id	delete

④修改News控制器，返回json格式数据

<?php

namespace app\api\controller;

use think\Controller;
use think\Request;

class News extends Controller
{
    /**
     * 显示资源列表
     *
     * @return \think\Response
     */
    public function index()
    {
        return json(['code' => 200, 'msg' => 'success', 'data'=>'index']);
    }

    /**
     * 显示创建资源表单页.
     *
     * @return \think\Response
     */
    public function create()
    {
        return json(['code' => 200, 'msg' => 'success', 'data'=>'create']);
    }

    /**
     * 保存新建的资源
     *
     * @param  \think\Request  $request
     * @return \think\Response
     */
    public function save(Request $request)
    {
        return json(['code' => 200, 'msg' => 'success', 'data'=>'save']);
    }

    /**
     * 显示指定的资源
     *
     * @param  int  $id
     * @return \think\Response
     */
    public function read($id)
    {
        return json(['code' => 200, 'msg' => 'success', 'data'=>'read']);
    }

    /**
     * 显示编辑资源表单页.
     *
     * @param  int  $id
     * @return \think\Response
     */
    public function edit($id)
    {
        return json(['code' => 200, 'msg' => 'success', 'data'=>'edit']);
    }

    /**
     * 保存更新的资源
     *
     * @param  \think\Request  $request
     * @param  int  $id
     * @return \think\Response
     */
    public function update(Request $request, $id)
    {
        return json(['code' => 200, 'msg' => 'success', 'data'=>'update']);
    }

    /**
     * 删除指定资源
     *
     * @param  int  $id
     * @return \think\Response
     */
    public function delete($id)
    {
        return json(['code' => 200, 'msg' => 'success', 'data'=>'delete']);
    }
}

通过postman 分别访问以下七个地址：

请求方式	 请求地址
get			http://www.tpshop.com/news
get			http://www.tpshop.com/news/create
post		http://www.tpshop.com/news
get			http://www.tpshop.com/news/33
get			http://www.tpshop.com/news/33/edit
put			http://www.tpshop.com/news/33
delete		http://www.tpshop.com/news/33

2、ajax请求restful接口

public目录下，创建测试文件 api.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>ajax请求restful接口</title>
    <script src="/static/admin/js/jquery-1.8.1.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<input type="button" id="index" value="index">
<input type="button" id="create" value="create">
<input type="button" id="save" value="save">
<input type="button" id="read" value="read">
<input type="button" id="edit" value="edit">
<input type="button" id="update" value="update">
<input type="button" id="delete" value="delete">
<script>
    $(function(){
        $('#index').click(function(){
            $.ajax({
                "url":"/news",
                "type":"get",
                "data":"",
                "dataType":"json",
                "success":function(res){
                    console.log(res);
                }
            });
        });
        $('#create').click(function(){
            $.ajax({
                "url":"/news/create",
                "type":"get",
                "data":"",
                "dataType":"json",
                "success":function(res){
                    console.log(res);
                }
            });
        });
        $('#save').click(function(){
            $.ajax({
                "url":"/news",
                "type":"post",
                "data":"",
                "dataType":"json",
                "success":function(res){
                    console.log(res);
                }
            });
        });
        $('#read').click(function(){
            $.ajax({
                "url":"/news/33",
                "type":"get",
                "data":"",
                "dataType":"json",
                "success":function(res){
                    console.log(res);
                }
            });
        });
        $('#edit').click(function(){
            $.ajax({
                "url":"/news/33/edit",
                "type":"get",
                "data":"",
                "dataType":"json",
                "success":function(res){
                    console.log(res);
                }
            });
        });
        $('#update').click(function(){
            $.ajax({
                "url":"/news/33",
                "type":"put",
                "data":"",
                "dataType":"json",
                "success":function(res){
                    console.log(res);
                }
            });
        });
        $('#delete').click(function(){
            $.ajax({
                "url":"/news/33",
                "type":"delete",
                "data":"",
                "dataType":"json",
                "success":function(res){
                    console.log(res);
                }
            });
        });
    });
</script>
</body>
</html>

3、请求伪装

部分客户端（比如低版本浏览器）可能仅支持get请求、post请求，不支持delete请求和put请求。

TP框架提供了对“请求伪装”的支持，可以使用post请求携带_method参数，伪装成其他请求。

比如使用ajax的post请求伪装put请求

public/api.html中添加以下代码

<input type="button" id="post_to_put" value="伪装put">
<input type="button" id="post_to_delete" value="伪装delete">
<script>
    $(function(){
        $('#post_to_put').click(function(){
            $.ajax({
                "url":"/news/33",
                "type":"post",
                "data":"_method=put",
                "dataType":"json",
                "success":function(res){
                    console.log(res);
                }
            });
        });
        $('#post_to_delete').click(function(){
            $.ajax({
                "url":"/news/33",
                "type":"get",
                "data":"_method=delete",
                "dataType":"json",
                "success":function(res){
                    console.log(res);
                }
            });
        });
    })
</script>

4、Restful常用的资源路由

新增页面页面展示 create方法和修改页面页面展示 edit方法一般可以不用。

标识	请求类型	生成路由规则	对应操作方法（默认）	备注
index	GET	news	index	查询多条数据（列表）
read	GET	news/:id	read	查询一条数据（详情、修改页面展示）
save	POST	news	save	新增一条数据
update	PUT	news/:id	update	修改一条数据
delete	DELETE	news/:id	delete	删除一条数据