基于vagrant+VirtualBox快速搭建虚拟机

咻一咻

发布于 2020-05-29 15:46:44

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发布于 2020-05-29 15:46:44

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下载 VirtualBox 和Vagrant ，并安装

为什么我们要选择Vagrant呢？因为它有跨平台、可移动、自动化部署无需人工参与等优点。

VirtualBox 安装 VirtualBox 是一款开源的虚拟机软件，和VMWare是同类型的软件，用于在当前的电脑上构建一台虚拟机，在这台虚拟机上可以安装系统和软件，与真实的电脑一般无二。官方网站下载：https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads 下载适合你平台的 VirtualBox 最新版本，直接根据向导进行操作即可完成安装。
Vagrant 安装 Vagrant用于创建和部署虚拟化开发环境。它使用Oracle的开源VirtualBox虚拟化系统.。官方网站下载：https://www.vagrantup.com/downloads.html，直接根据向导进行操作即可完成安装，这个安装完毕后会进行重启电脑，在重启电脑后可以打开cmd命令行窗口vagrant -v进行验证看是否已经可以使用了。

注意：下载的时候，virtualbox和vagrant的版本要搭配，建议都下载最新版的。还有就是要根据自己的操作系统版本进行选择32位或者64位下载。在windows系统中，可能还需要配置环境变量以及一定要开启VT-x/AMD-V硬件加速。

vagrant环境安装

下载box，本地安装

在线查找需要的box,官方网址：https://app.vagrantup.com/boxes/search

下载box镜像，将其添加box到本地vagrant环境

vagrant box add ｛title｝｛url｝
vagrant box add centos7 http://cloud.centos.org/centos/7/vagrant/x86_64/images/CentOS-7-x86_64-Vagrant-1902_01.VirtualBox.box --insecure

注解｛title｝可以自行设置，我这里使用的是 centos7 ｛url｝是下载到本地box路径。也可以先把box先下载到本地在进行添加（这时就是本地路径了）我的路径是：http://cloud.centos.org/centos/7/vagrant/x86_64/images/CentOS-7-x86_64-Vagrant-1902_01.VirtualBox.box –insecure：不验证SSL证书

在线安装（安装比较慢）

在空文件夹初始化虚拟机(这时会生成Vagrantfile文件)

vagrant init centos/7

vagrant 命令

描述	命令	描述	命令
在初始化完的文件夹内启动虚拟机	vagrant up	查找虚拟机的运行状态	vagrant status
ssh登录启动的虚拟机	vagrant ssh	挂起启动的虚拟机	vagrant suspend
唤醒虚拟机	vagrant resume	重启虚拟机	vagrant reload
关闭虚拟机	vagrant halt	删除当前虚拟机	vagrant destroy
在终端里对开发环境进行打包	vagrant package	修改文件重启(相当于先 halt，再 up）	vagrant reload

box管理命令

描述	命令	描述	命令
查看本地box列表	vagrant box list	添加box到列表	vagrant box add name url
从box列表移除	vagrant box remove name	输出用于ssh连接的一些信息	vagrant ssh-config

举例

初始化

$ vagrant init centos/7
A `Vagrantfile` has been placed in this directory. You are now
ready to `vagrant up` your first virtual environment! Please read
the comments in the Vagrantfile as well as documentation on
`vagrantup.com` for more information on using Vagrant.

启动（在线拉取box比较慢）

$ vagrant up
Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==> default: Importing base box 'centos/7'...
==> default: Matching MAC address for NAT networking...
==> default: Checking if box 'centos/7' version '1902.01' is up to date...
==> default: A newer version of the box 'centos/7' for provider 'virtualbox' is
==> default: available! You currently have version '1902.01'. The latest is version
==> default: '2004.01'. Run `vagrant box update` to update.
==> default: Setting the name of the VM: dome1_default_1589966685326_12869
==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
    default: Adapter 1: nat
==> default: Forwarding ports...
    default: 22 (guest) => 2222 (host) (adapter 1)
==> default: Booting VM...
==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
    default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222
    default: SSH username: vagrant
    default: SSH auth method: private key
    default:
    default: Vagrant insecure key detected. Vagrant will automatically replace
    default: this with a newly generated keypair for better security.
    default:
    default: Inserting generated public key within guest...
    default: Removing insecure key from the guest if it's present...
    default: Key inserted! Disconnecting and reconnecting using new SSH key...
==> default: Machine booted and ready!
==> default: Checking for guest additions in VM...
    default: No guest additions were detected on the base box for this VM! Guest
    default: additions are required for forwarded ports, shared folders, host only
    default: networking, and more. If SSH fails on this machine, please install
    default: the guest additions and repackage the box to continue.
    default:
    default: This is not an error message; everything may continue to work properly,
    default: in which case you may ignore this message.
==> default: Rsyncing folder: /cygdrive/d/vagrant+VirtualBox/dome/dome1/ => /vagrant

查看服务器信息

$ vagrant ssh-config
Host default
  HostName 127.0.0.1
  User vagrant
  Port 2222
  UserKnownHostsFile /dev/null
  StrictHostKeyChecking no
  PasswordAuthentication no
  IdentityFile D:/vagrant+VirtualBox/dome/dome1/.vagrant/machines/default/virtualbox/private_key
  IdentitiesOnly yes
  LogLevel FATAL