[爬虫]python脚本从零到一构建自己的免费代理IP池
[爬虫]python脚本从零到一构建自己的免费代理IP池
TOMOCAT
发布于 2020-06-09 11:27:11
发布于 2020-06-09 11:27:11
文章被收录于专栏：懂点编程的数据分析师
工程目录
├── db //提供IP池数据库增删查改功能
├── progress_bar //提供循环进度条展示功能
├── README.md //帮助文档
├── proxy_getter
│ ├── get_proxy.py //从xici获取爬虫代理IP到数据库
│ ├── random_headers.py //获取随机请求头
├── main //主函数主要思路
- 通过
request.get拿到http response
response = requests.get(url = url, headers = headers, proxies = proxies, timeout = 5)
"""
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>国内高匿免费HTTP代理IP__第10页国内高匿</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/>
<meta name="Description" content="国内高匿免费HTTP代理" />
<meta name="Keywords" content="国内高匿,免费高匿代理,免费匿名代理,隐藏IP" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=0">
<meta name="applicable-device"content="pc,mobile">
<link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="//fs.xicidaili.com/assets/application-9cf10a41b67e112fe8dd709caf886c0556b7939174952800b56a22c7591c7d40.css" />
<meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" />
<meta name="csrf-token" content="IM54DJ4+2z15dlURDgc9LBxoLCyCUoiSVXDMCFXQIeP+ZCBHDmOL2/4IuwRzuVRkRfkS3+D2JBY/85slCEN3/g==" />
</head>
<body>
<div id="wrapper">
<div id="header">
<h1>国内高匿代理IP</h1>
<img alt="免费http代理" id="logo" src="//fs.xicidaili.com/images/logo.png" />
<div id="myurl">
XiciDaili.com
</div>
...
...
</script>
</div>
</body>
</html>- 通过
BeautifulSoup得到<td>中的数据
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")
tds = soup.find_all("td")- 利用正则匹配拿到代理IP数据
for index, td in enumerate(tds):
# use regex to match proxy_ip in tds
if re.match(r"^\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+$",
re.sub(r"\s+|\n+|\t+", "", td.text)):
# the elements appear in sequence on the website, like "163.204.240.21, 9999, 广东, 高匿, HTTP"
# each represents proxy_ip, port, province, type and protocol
item = list()
item.append(re.sub(r"\s+|\n+|\t+", "", td.text))
item.append(re.sub(r"\s+|\n+|\t+", "", tds[index + 1].text))
item.append(re.sub(r"\s+|\n+|\t+", "", tds[index + 2].text))
item.append(re.sub(r"\s+|\n+|\t+", "", tds[index + 3].text))
item.append(re.sub(r"\s+|\n+|\t+", "", tds[index + 4].text))
ip_list.append(item)
return ip_list- IP有效性验证
#chenck the validity of ip in ip_list
def ip_validation(self, raw_ip):
validation_flag = True
# construct parameter
ip_with_port = str(raw_ip[0]) + ":" + str(raw_ip[1])
# print(ip_with_port)
proxies = {"https" : "https://" + ip_with_port}
# print(proxies)
headers = RandomFakeHeaders().random_headers_for_validation()
# print(headers)
# check
# noinspection PyBroadException
try:
response = requests.get(url = self.__TEST_URL,
headers = headers,
proxies = proxies,
timeout = 5)
except:
print("Warning: request.get() failed")
return False
if response.status_code != 200:
validation_flag = False
return validation_flag- 将验证通过的IP存储到redis中
def save_ip2redis(self, ip_list):
ip_cnt = len(ip_list)
cnt = 0 # calculate the ip number we put into redis
print("Info: the progress bar of save ip into redis")
for index, ip in enumerate(ip_list):
progress_bar = DisplayProgressBySign()
print(progress_bar(index+1 ,ip_cnt), end = "")
# test validation
if self.ip_validation(ip) and ip[3] == '高匿':
IPPool().insert_ip(ip)
cnt += 1
print("\n")
print("Info: get {} ip, the effective rate is {:.2f}%".format(
cnt, cnt/ip_cnt * 100
))6. 美化
多个代理IP写入redis中的循环耗时较长，又不想打印太多日志。利用`print`中的`\r`和`end`实现了进度条展示小工具。
```python
"""
sign_progress_bar.py
function: use number sign to display the overall progress in circulation
"""
import time
class DisplayProgressBySign(object):
def __init__(self, length=50, decimal=2):
self.decimal = decimal
self.length = length # total length of the progress bar
# __call__ enable use to use a Class like a Function
def __call__(self, running_task_index, total_task_num):
percentage = round(running_task_index/total_task_num, self.decimal)
sign_cnt = int(self.length * percentage)
progress_bar = self.gen_progress_bar(sign_cnt)
overall_progress_percentage = str(int(percentage*100)) + "%"
result = "\r%s %s" % (progress_bar, overall_progress_percentage)
return result
def gen_progress_bar(self, sign_cnt):
"""
display progress bar: like [########## ]
"""
str_sign = "#" * sign_cnt
str_space = " " * (self.length - sign_cnt)
return '[%s%s]' % (str_sign, str_space)
if __name__ == "__main__":
print("Test: show how to use sign_progress_bar")
progress = DisplayProgressBySign()
total_task_num = 1000
for i in range(total_task_num):
# use end = "" to avoid "\n" in the end of the line
print(progress(i+1, total_task_num), end = '')
time.sleep(0.01) # set refresh time of the progress bar
```日志样例
Info: get 99 ip, the effective rate is 99.00%
Info: we already crawl 46 url, overall progress is 9.20%
Info: Now parse the 47 url，the overall progress is 47/500
Info: the progress bar of save ip into redis
[######################## ] 49%Warning: request.get() failed
[##################################################] 100%
Info: get 99 ip, the effective rate is 99.00%
Info: we already crawl 47 url, overall progress is 9.40%
Info: Now parse the 48 url，the overall progress is 48/500
Info: the progress bar of save ip into redis
[###### ] 12%Warning: request.get() failed
[######## ] 17%Warning: request.get() failed
[################################################ ] 96%Warning: request.get() failed
[##################################################] 100%
Info: get 97 ip, the effective rate is 97.00%
Info: we already crawl 48 url, overall progress is 9.60%
Info: Now parse the 49 url，the overall progress is 49/500
Info: the progress bar of save ip into redis
[##################################################] 100%
Info: get 100 ip, the effective rate is 100.00%
Info: we already crawl 49 url, overall progress is 9.80%
Info: Now parse the 50 url，the overall progress is 50/500
Info: the progress bar of save ip into redis
[############################################## ] 92%Warning: request.get() failed
[##################################################] 100%
Info: get 99 ip, the effective rate is 99.00%
Info: we already crawl 50 url, overall progress is 10.00%
Info: Now parse the 51 url，the overall progress is 51/500
Info: the progress bar of save ip into redis
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