C++核心准则E.16:析构函数，内存释放和swap操作永远不能失败

E.16: Destructors, deallocation, and swap must never fail

E.16:析构函数，内存释放和swap操作永远不能失败

Reason（原因）

We don't know how to write reliable programs if a destructor, a swap, or a memory deallocation fails; that is, if it exits by an exception or simply doesn't perform its required action.

如果析构函数、swap操作或者内存释放失败了，我们不知道如何编写可信赖的处理程序；也就是说，如果它因为异常退出或者只是没有执行要求的操作。

Example, don't（反面示例）

class Connection {
    // ...
public:
    ~Connection()   // Don't: very bad destructor
    {
        if (cannot_disconnect()) throw I_give_up{information};
        // ...
    }
};

Note（注意）

Many have tried to write reliable code violating this rule for examples, such as a network connection that "refuses to close". To the best of our knowledge nobody has found a general way of doing this. Occasionally, for very specific examples, you can get away with setting some state for future cleanup. For example, we might put a socket that does not want to close on a "bad socket" list, to be examined by a regular sweep of the system state. Every example we have seen of this is error-prone, specialized, and often buggy.

为了编写违反本规则的可信赖代码示例进行了很多尝试，例如网络链接“拒绝关闭”。即使动作所有知识，也没有人发现这么做的通用方法。偶然情况下，对于非常特殊的情况，你可以通过设定在将来清除处理时使用的某些状态。例如我们可以将不想关闭的socket放入一个“坏socket”列表中，以便用正规的系统状态清除程序进行检查。我们看到的所有相关示例都是容易出错的，特殊的，通常也有很多bug。

Note（注意）

The standard library assumes that destructors, deallocation functions (e.g., operator delete), and swap do not throw. If they do, basic standard-library invariants are broken.

标准库假设析构函数，内存释放函数（例如delete运算符），swap都不会抛出异常。如果它们异常，标准库的不变量就被破坏了。

Note（注意）

Deallocation functions, including operator delete, must be noexcept. swap functions must be noexcept. Most destructors are implicitly noexcept by default. Also, make move operations noexcept.

包含delete运算符的内存释放函数一定不要抛出异常。swap函数一定不要抛出异常。大多数析构函数默认情况下

Enforcement（实施建议）

Catch destructors, deallocation operations, and swaps that throw. Catch such operations that are not noexcept.

捕捉抛出异常的析构函数，内存释放操作和swap函数。捕捉这些操作中没有声明为noexcept的情况。

See also: discussion

参见：问题讨论

原文链接

https://github.com/isocpp/CppCoreGuidelines/blob/master/CppCoreGuidelines.md#e16-destructors-deallocation-and-swap-must-never-fail