使用OpenCV去除面积较小的连通域

//测试
void CCutImageVS2013Dlg::OnBnClickedTestButton1()
{
	vector<vector<Point    contours;  //轮廓数组
	vector<Point2d  centers;    //轮廓质心坐标 
	vector<vector<Point   ::iterator itr; //轮廓迭代器
	vector<Point2d ::iterator itrc;  //质心坐标迭代器
	vector<vector<Point    con;   //当前轮廓

	double area;
	double minarea = 1000;
	double maxarea = 0;
	Moments mom;       // 轮廓矩
	Mat image, gray, edge, dst;
	image = imread("D:\66.png");
	cvtColor(image, gray, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
	Mat rgbImg(gray.size(), CV_8UC3); //创建三通道图
	blur(gray, edge, Size(3, 3));       //模糊去噪
	threshold(edge, edge, 200, 255, THRESH_BINARY_INV); //二值化处理,黑底白字
	//--------去除较小轮廓，并寻找最大轮廓--------------------------
	findContours(edge, contours, CV_RETR_EXTERNAL, CV_CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE); //寻找轮廓
	itr = contours.begin();    //使用迭代器去除噪声轮廓
	while (itr != contours.end())
	{
		area = contourArea(*itr);  //获得轮廓面积
		if (area<minarea)    //删除较小面积的轮廓 
		{
			itr = contours.erase(itr); //itr一旦erase，需要重新赋值
		}
		else
		{
			itr++;
		}
		if (area maxarea)    //寻找最大轮廓
		{
			maxarea = area;
		}
	}
	dst = Mat::zeros(image.rows, image.cols, CV_8UC3);
	/*绘制连通区域轮廓，计算质心坐标*/
	Point2d center;
	itr = contours.begin();
	while (itr != contours.end())
	{
		area = contourArea(*itr);		
		con.push_back(*itr);   //获取当前轮廓
		if (area == maxarea)
		{
			vector<Rect  boundRect(1); //定义外接矩形集合
			boundRect[0] = boundingRect(Mat(*itr));
			cvtColor(gray, rgbImg, COLOR_GRAY2BGR);
			Rect select;
			select.x = boundRect[0].x;
			select.y = boundRect[0].y;
			select.width = boundRect[0].width;
			select.height = boundRect[0].height;
			rectangle(rgbImg, select, Scalar(0, 255, 0), 3, 2); //用矩形画矩形窗
			drawContours(dst, con, -1, Scalar(0, 0, 255), 2); //最大面积红色绘制
		}
		else
			drawContours(dst, con, -1, Scalar(255, 0, 0), 2); //其它面积蓝色绘制
		con.pop_back();
		//计算质心
		mom = moments(*itr);
		center.x = (int)(mom.m10 / mom.m00);
		center.y = (int)(mom.m01 / mom.m00);
		centers.push_back(center);
		itr++;
	}
	imshow("rgbImg", rgbImg);
	//imshow("gray", gray);
	//imshow("edge", edge);
	imshow("origin", image);
	imshow("connected_region", dst);
	waitKey(0);
	return;
}

//=======函数实现=====================================================================
void RemoveSmallRegion(Mat &Src, Mat &Dst, int AreaLimit, int CheckMode, int NeihborMode)
{
int RemoveCount = 0;
//新建一幅标签图像初始化为0像素点，为了记录每个像素点检验状态的标签，0代表未检查，1代表正在检查,2代表检查不合格（需要反转颜色），3代表检查合格或不需检查 
//初始化的图像全部为0，未检查 
Mat PointLabel = Mat::zeros(Src.size(), CV_8UC1);
if (CheckMode == 1)//去除小连通区域的白色点 
{
//cout << "去除小连通域.";
for (int i = 0; i < Src.rows; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < Src.cols; j++)
{
if (Src.at<uchar (i, j) < 10)
{
PointLabel.at<uchar (i, j) = 3;//将背景黑色点标记为合格，像素为3 
}
}
}
}
else//去除孔洞，黑色点像素 
{
//cout << "去除孔洞";
for (int i = 0; i < Src.rows; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < Src.cols; j++)
{
if (Src.at<uchar (i, j)   10)
{
PointLabel.at<uchar (i, j) = 3;//如果原图是白色区域，标记为合格，像素为3 
}
}
}
}
vector<Point2i NeihborPos;//将邻域压进容器 
NeihborPos.push_back(Point2i(-1, 0));
NeihborPos.push_back(Point2i(1, 0));
NeihborPos.push_back(Point2i(0, -1));
NeihborPos.push_back(Point2i(0, 1));
if (NeihborMode == 1)
{
//cout << "Neighbor mode: 8邻域." << endl;
NeihborPos.push_back(Point2i(-1, -1));
NeihborPos.push_back(Point2i(-1, 1));
NeihborPos.push_back(Point2i(1, -1));
NeihborPos.push_back(Point2i(1, 1));
}
else int a = 0;//cout << "Neighbor mode: 4邻域." << endl;
int NeihborCount = 4 + 4 * NeihborMode;
int CurrX = 0, CurrY = 0;
//开始检测 
for (int i = 0; i < Src.rows; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < Src.cols; j++)
{
if (PointLabel.at<uchar (i, j) == 0)//标签图像像素点为0，表示还未检查的不合格点 
{ //开始检查 
vector<Point2i GrowBuffer;//记录检查像素点的个数 
GrowBuffer.push_back(Point2i(j, i));
PointLabel.at<uchar (i, j) = 1;//标记为正在检查 
int CheckResult = 0;
for (int z = 0; z < GrowBuffer.size(); z++)
{
for (int q = 0; q < NeihborCount; q++)
{
CurrX = GrowBuffer.at(z).x + NeihborPos.at(q).x;
CurrY = GrowBuffer.at(z).y + NeihborPos.at(q).y;
if (CurrX  = 0 && CurrX<Src.cols&&CurrY  = 0 && CurrY<Src.rows) //防止越界 
{
if (PointLabel.at<uchar (CurrY, CurrX) == 0)
{
GrowBuffer.push_back(Point2i(CurrX, CurrY)); //邻域点加入buffer 
PointLabel.at<uchar (CurrY, CurrX) = 1;   //更新邻域点的检查标签，避免重复检查 
}
}
}
}
if (GrowBuffer.size() AreaLimit) //判断结果（是否超出限定的大小），1为未超出，2为超出 
CheckResult = 2;
else
{
CheckResult = 1;
RemoveCount++;//记录有多少区域被去除 
}
for (int z = 0; z < GrowBuffer.size(); z++)
{
CurrX = GrowBuffer.at(z).x;
CurrY = GrowBuffer.at(z).y;
PointLabel.at<uchar (CurrY, CurrX) += CheckResult;//标记不合格的像素点，像素值为2 
}
//********结束该点处的检查********** 
}
}
}
CheckMode = 255 * (1 - CheckMode);
//开始反转面积过小的区域 
for (int i = 0; i < Src.rows; ++i)
{
for (int j = 0; j < Src.cols; ++j)
{
if (PointLabel.at<uchar (i, j) == 2)
{
Dst.at<uchar (i, j) = CheckMode;
}
else if (PointLabel.at<uchar (i, j) == 3)
{
Dst.at<uchar (i, j) = Src.at<uchar (i, j);
}
}
}
//cout << RemoveCount << " objects removed." << endl;
}
//=======函数实现=====================================================================
//=======调用函数=====================================================================
Mat img;
img = imread("D:\\1_1.jpg", 0);//读取图片
threshold(img, img, 128, 255, CV_THRESH_BINARY_INV);
imshow("去除前", img);
Mat img1;
RemoveSmallRegion(img, img, 200, 0, 1);
imshow("去除后", img);
waitKey(0);
//=======调用函数=====================================================================