Android实现加载状态视图切换效果

砸漏

发布于 2020-10-22 11:04:33

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发布于 2020-10-22 11:04:33

文章被收录于专栏：恩蓝脚本

关于Android加载状态视图切换，具体内容如下

1.关于Android界面切换状态的介绍

怎样切换界面状态？有些界面想定制自定义状态？状态如何添加点击事件？下面就为解决这些问题！内容界面加载数据中加载数据错误加载后没有数据没有网络

2.思路转变，抽取分离类管理几种状态

以前做法：

直接把这些界面include到main界面中，然后动态去切换界面，后来发现这样处理不容易复用到其他项目中，而且在activity中处理这些状态的显示和隐藏比较乱利用子类继承父类特性，在父类中写切换状态，但有些界面如果没有继承父类，又该如何处理

现在做法：

让View状态的切换和Activity彻底分离开，必须把这些状态View都封装到一个管理类中，然后暴露出几个方法来实现View之间的切换。在不同的项目中可以需要的View也不一样，所以考虑把管理类设计成builder模式来自由的添加需要的状态View

3.关于该状态切换工具优点分析

可以自由切换内容，空数据，异常错误，加载，网络错误等5种状态父类BaseActivity直接暴露5中状态，方便子类统一管理状态切换

/**
* ================================================
* 作 者：杨充
* 版 本：1.0
* 创建日期：2017/7/6
* 描 述：抽取类
* 修订历史：
* ================================================
*/
public abstract class BaseActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

 protected StatusLayoutManager statusLayoutManager;

 @Override
 protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
  setContentView(R.layout.activity_base_view);
  initStatusLayout();
  initBaseView();
  initToolBar();
  initView();
 }

 protected abstract void initStatusLayout();

 protected abstract void initView();

 /**
 * 获取到布局
 */
 private void initBaseView() {
  LinearLayout ll_main = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.ll_main);
  ll_main.addView(statusLayoutManager.getRootLayout());
 }

 //正常展示数据状态
 protected void showContent() {
  statusLayoutManager.showContent();
 }

 //加载数据为空时状态
 protected void showEmptyData() {
  statusLayoutManager.showEmptyData();
 }

 //加载数据错误时状态
 protected void showError() {
  statusLayoutManager.showError();
 }

 //网络错误时状态
 protected void showNetWorkError() {
  statusLayoutManager.showNetWorkError();
 }

 //正在加载中状态
 protected void showLoading() {
  statusLayoutManager.showLoading();
 }
}

当状态是加载数据失败时，点击可以刷新数据；当状态是无网络时，点击可以设置网络

/**
* 点击重新刷新
*/
private void initErrorDataView() {
 statusLayoutManager.showError();
 LinearLayout ll_error_data = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.ll_error_data);
 ll_error_data.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
  @Override
  public void onClick(View view) {
   initData();
   adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
   showContent();
  }
 });
}

/**
* 点击设置网络
*/
private void initSettingNetwork() {
 statusLayoutManager.showNetWorkError();
 LinearLayout ll_set_network = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.ll_set_network);
 ll_set_network.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
  @Override
  public void onClick(View view) {
   Intent intent = new Intent("android.settings.WIRELESS_SETTINGS");
   startActivity(intent);
  }
 });
}

倘若有些页面想定制状态布局，也可以自由实现，很简单：

/**
* 自定义加载数据为空时的状态布局
*/
private void initEmptyDataView() {
 statusLayoutManager.showEmptyData();
 //此处是自己定义的状态布局
 **statusLayoutManager.showLayoutEmptyData(R.layout.activity_emptydata);**
 LinearLayout ll_empty_data = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.ll_empty_data);
 ll_empty_data.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
  @Override
  public void onClick(View view) {
   initData();
   adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
   showContent();
  }
 });
}

4.如何实现的步骤

1）.先看看状态管理器类【builder建造者模式】

loadingLayoutResId和contentLayoutResId代表等待加载和显示内容的xml文件几种异常状态要用ViewStub，因为在界面状态切换中loading和内容View都是一直需要加载显示的，但是其他的3个只有在没数据或者网络异常的情况下才会加载显示，所以用ViewStub来加载他们可以提高性能。

public class StateLayoutManager {
final Context context;
final ViewStub netWorkErrorVs;
final int netWorkErrorRetryViewId;
final ViewStub emptyDataVs;
final int emptyDataRetryViewId;
final ViewStub errorVs;
final int errorRetryViewId;
final int loadingLayoutResId;
final int contentLayoutResId;
final int retryViewId;
final int emptyDataIconImageId;
final int emptyDataTextTipId;
final int errorIconImageId;
final int errorTextTipId;
final VLayout errorLayout;
final VLayout emptyDataLayout;
final RootFrameLayout rootFrameLayout;
final OnShowHideViewListener onShowHideViewListener;
final OnRetryListener onRetryListener;
public StateLayoutManager(Builder builder) {
this.context = builder.context;
this.loadingLayoutResId = builder.loadingLayoutResId;
this.netWorkErrorVs = builder.netWorkErrorVs;
this.netWorkErrorRetryViewId = builder.netWorkErrorRetryViewId;
this.emptyDataVs = builder.emptyDataVs;
this.emptyDataRetryViewId = builder.emptyDataRetryViewId;
this.errorVs = builder.errorVs;
this.errorRetryViewId = builder.errorRetryViewId;
this.contentLayoutResId = builder.contentLayoutResId;
this.onShowHideViewListener = builder.onShowHideViewListener;
this.retryViewId = builder.retryViewId;
this.onRetryListener = builder.onRetryListener;
this.emptyDataIconImageId = builder.emptyDataIconImageId;
this.emptyDataTextTipId = builder.emptyDataTextTipId;
this.errorIconImageId = builder.errorIconImageId;
this.errorTextTipId = builder.errorTextTipId;
this.errorLayout = builder.errorLayout;
this.emptyDataLayout = builder.emptyDataLayout;
rootFrameLayout = new RootFrameLayout(this.context);
ViewGroup.LayoutParams layoutParams = new ViewGroup.LayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT);
rootFrameLayout.setLayoutParams(layoutParams);
rootFrameLayout.setStatusLayoutManager(this);
}
/**
* 显示loading
*/
public void showLoading() {
rootFrameLayout.showLoading();
}
/**
* 显示内容
*/
public void showContent() {
rootFrameLayout.showContent();
}
/**
* 显示空数据
*/
public void showEmptyData(int iconImage, String textTip) {
rootFrameLayout.showEmptyData(iconImage, textTip);
}
/**
* 显示空数据
*/
public void showEmptyData() {
showEmptyData(0, "");
}
/**
* 显示空数据
*/
public void showLayoutEmptyData(Object... objects) {
rootFrameLayout.showLayoutEmptyData(objects);
}
/**
* 显示网络异常
*/
public void showNetWorkError() {
rootFrameLayout.showNetWorkError();
}
/**
* 显示异常
*/
public void showError(int iconImage, String textTip) {
rootFrameLayout.showError(iconImage, textTip);
}
/**
* 显示异常
*/
public void showError() {
showError(0, "");
}
public void showLayoutError(Object... objects) {
rootFrameLayout.showLayoutError(objects);
}
/**
* 得到root 布局
*/
public View getRootLayout() {
return rootFrameLayout;
}
public static final class Builder {
private Context context;
private int loadingLayoutResId;
private int contentLayoutResId;
private ViewStub netWorkErrorVs;
private int netWorkErrorRetryViewId;
private ViewStub emptyDataVs;
private int emptyDataRetryViewId;
private ViewStub errorVs;
private int errorRetryViewId;
private int retryViewId;
private int emptyDataIconImageId;
private int emptyDataTextTipId;
private int errorIconImageId;
private int errorTextTipId;
private VLayout errorLayout;
private VLayout emptyDataLayout;
private OnShowHideViewListener onShowHideViewListener;
private OnRetryListener onRetryListener;
public Builder(Context context) {
this.context = context;
}
/**
* 自定义加载布局
*/
public Builder loadingView(@LayoutRes int loadingLayoutResId) {
this.loadingLayoutResId = loadingLayoutResId;
return this;
}
/**
* 自定义网络错误布局
*/
public Builder netWorkErrorView(@LayoutRes int newWorkErrorId) {
netWorkErrorVs = new ViewStub(context);
netWorkErrorVs.setLayoutResource(newWorkErrorId);
return this;
}
/**
* 自定义加载空数据布局
*/
public Builder emptyDataView(@LayoutRes int noDataViewId) {
emptyDataVs = new ViewStub(context);
emptyDataVs.setLayoutResource(noDataViewId);
return this;
}
/**
* 自定义加载错误布局
*/
public Builder errorView(@LayoutRes int errorViewId) {
errorVs = new ViewStub(context);
errorVs.setLayoutResource(errorViewId);
return this;
}
/**
* 自定义加载内容正常布局
*/
public Builder contentView(@LayoutRes int contentLayoutResId) {
this.contentLayoutResId = contentLayoutResId;
return this;
}
public Builder errorLayout(VLayout errorLayout) {
this.errorLayout = errorLayout;
this.errorVs = errorLayout.getLayoutVs();
return this;
}
public Builder emptyDataLayout(VLayout emptyDataLayout) {
this.emptyDataLayout = emptyDataLayout;
this.emptyDataVs = emptyDataLayout.getLayoutVs();
return this;
}
public Builder netWorkErrorRetryViewId(int netWorkErrorRetryViewId) {
this.netWorkErrorRetryViewId = netWorkErrorRetryViewId;
return this;
}
public Builder emptyDataRetryViewId(int emptyDataRetryViewId) {
this.emptyDataRetryViewId = emptyDataRetryViewId;
return this;
}
public Builder errorRetryViewId(int errorRetryViewId) {
this.errorRetryViewId = errorRetryViewId;
return this;
}
public Builder retryViewId(int retryViewId) {
this.retryViewId = retryViewId;
return this;
}
public Builder emptyDataIconImageId(int emptyDataIconImageId) {
this.emptyDataIconImageId = emptyDataIconImageId;
return this;
}
public Builder emptyDataTextTipId(int emptyDataTextTipId) {
this.emptyDataTextTipId = emptyDataTextTipId;
return this;
}
public Builder errorIconImageId(int errorIconImageId) {
this.errorIconImageId = errorIconImageId;
return this;
}
public Builder errorTextTipId(int errorTextTipId) {
this.errorTextTipId = errorTextTipId;
return this;
}
public Builder onShowHideViewListener(OnShowHideViewListener onShowHideViewListener) {
this.onShowHideViewListener = onShowHideViewListener;
return this;
}
public Builder onRetryListener(OnRetryListener onRetryListener) {
this.onRetryListener = onRetryListener;
return this;
}
public StateLayoutManager build() {
return new StateLayoutManager(this);
}
}
public static Builder newBuilder(Context context) {
return new Builder(context);
}
}

2）.大约5种状态，如何管理这些状态？添加到集合中，Android中选用SparseArray比HashMap更省内存，在某些条件下性能更好，主要是因为它避免了对key的自动装箱（int转为Integer类型），它内部则是通过两个数组来进行数据存储的，一个存储key，另外一个存储value，为了优化性能，它内部对数据还采取了压缩的方式来表示稀疏数组的数据，从而节约内存空间

/**存放布局集合 */
private SparseArray<View  layoutSparseArray = new SparseArray();

/**将布局添加到集合 */
……
private void addLayoutResId(@LayoutRes int layoutResId, int id) {
View resView = LayoutInflater.from(mStatusLayoutManager.context).inflate(layoutResId, null);
**layoutSparseArray.put(id, resView);**
addView(resView);
}

3）.当显示某个布局时，调用的方法如下

方法里面通过id判断来执行不同的代码，首先判断ViewStub是否为空，如果为空就代表没有添加这个View就返回false，不为空就加载View并且添加到集合当中，然后调用showHideViewById方法显示隐藏View，retryLoad方法是给重试按钮添加事件

/**
* 显示loading
*/
public void showLoading() {
if (layoutSparseArray.get(LAYOUT_LOADING_ID) != null)
**showHideViewById**(LAYOUT_LOADING_ID);
}
/**
* 显示内容
*/
public void showContent() {
if (layoutSparseArray.get(LAYOUT_CONTENT_ID) != null)
**showHideViewById**(LAYOUT_CONTENT_ID);
}
/**
* 显示空数据
*/
public void showEmptyData(int iconImage, String textTip) {
if (**inflateLayout**(LAYOUT_EMPTYDATA_ID)) {
showHideViewById(LAYOUT_EMPTYDATA_ID);
emptyDataViewAddData(iconImage, textTip);
}
}
/**
* 显示网络异常
*/
public void showNetWorkError() {
if (**inflateLayout**(LAYOUT_NETWORK_ERROR_ID))
showHideViewById(LAYOUT_NETWORK_ERROR_ID);
}
/**
* 显示异常
*/
public void showError(int iconImage, String textTip) {
if (**inflateLayout**(LAYOUT_ERROR_ID)) {
showHideViewById(LAYOUT_ERROR_ID);
errorViewAddData(iconImage, textTip);
}
}
//调用inflateLayout方法，方法返回true然后调用showHideViewById方法
private boolean inflateLayout(int id) {
boolean isShow = true;
if (layoutSparseArray.get(id) != null) return isShow;
switch (id) {
case LAYOUT_NETWORK_ERROR_ID:
if (mStatusLayoutManager.netWorkErrorVs != null) {
View view = mStatusLayoutManager.netWorkErrorVs.inflate();
retryLoad(view, mStatusLayoutManager.netWorkErrorRetryViewId);
layoutSparseArray.put(id, view);
isShow = true;
} else {
isShow = false;
}
break;
case LAYOUT_ERROR_ID:
if (mStatusLayoutManager.errorVs != null) {
View view = mStatusLayoutManager.errorVs.inflate();
if (mStatusLayoutManager.errorLayout != null) mStatusLayoutManager.errorLayout.setView(view);
retryLoad(view, mStatusLayoutManager.errorRetryViewId);
layoutSparseArray.put(id, view);
isShow = true;
} else {
isShow = false;
}
break;
case LAYOUT_EMPTYDATA_ID:
if (mStatusLayoutManager.emptyDataVs != null) {
View view = mStatusLayoutManager.emptyDataVs.inflate();
if (mStatusLayoutManager.emptyDataLayout != null) mStatusLayoutManager.emptyDataLayout.setView(view);
retryLoad(view, mStatusLayoutManager.emptyDataRetryViewId);
layoutSparseArray.put(id, view);
isShow = true;
} else {
isShow = false;
}
break;
}
return isShow;
}

4）.然后在根据id隐藏布局

通过id找到需要显示的View并且显示它，隐藏其他View，如果显示隐藏监听事件不为空，就分别调用它的显示和隐藏方法

/**
* 根据ID显示隐藏布局
* @param id
*/
private void showHideViewById(int id) {
for (int i = 0; i < layoutSparseArray.size(); i++) {
int key = layoutSparseArray.keyAt(i);
View valueView = layoutSparseArray.valueAt(i);
//显示该view
if(key == id) {
valueView.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
if(mStatusLayoutManager.onShowHideViewListener != null) mStatusLayoutManager.onShowHideViewListener.onShowView(valueView, key);
} else {
if(valueView.getVisibility() != View.GONE) {
valueView.setVisibility(View.GONE);
if(mStatusLayoutManager.onShowHideViewListener != null) mStatusLayoutManager.onShowHideViewListener.onHideView(valueView, key);
}
}
}
}

5）.最后看看重新加载方法

/**
* 重试加载
*/
private void retryLoad(View view, int id) {
View retryView = view.findViewById(mStatusLayoutManager.retryViewId != 0 ? mStatusLayoutManager.retryViewId : id);
if (retryView == null || mStatusLayoutManager.onRetryListener == null) return;
retryView.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
mStatusLayoutManager.onRetryListener.onRetry();
}
});
}

5.使用方法介绍

1）.直接在Activity中添加代码

@Override
protected void initStatusLayout() {
statusLayoutManager = StateLayoutManager.newBuilder(this)
.contentView(R.layout.activity_content_data)
.emptyDataView(R.layout.activity_empty_data)
.errorView(R.layout.activity_error_data)
.loadingView(R.layout.activity_loading_data)
.netWorkErrorView(R.layout.activity_networkerror)
.onRetryListener(new OnRetryListener() {
@Override
public void onRetry() {
//为重试加载按钮的监听事件
}
})
.onShowHideViewListener(new OnShowHideViewListener() {
@Override
public void onShowView(View view, int id) {
//为状态View显示监听事件
}
@Override
public void onHideView(View view, int id) {
//为状态View隐藏监听事件
}
})
.build();
}

2）.在父类中重写以下几个方法，子类直接继承就行

//正常展示数据状态
protected void showContent() {
statusLayoutManager.showContent();
}
//加载数据为空时状态
protected void showEmptyData() {
statusLayoutManager.showEmptyData();
}
//加载数据错误时状态
protected void showError() {
statusLayoutManager.showError();
}
//网络错误时状态
protected void showNetWorkError() {
statusLayoutManager.showNetWorkError();
}
//正在加载中状态
protected void showLoading() {
statusLayoutManager.showLoading();
}

3）.更加详细的介绍，可以直接参考Demo https://github.com/yangchong211/YCStateLayout

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助。

本文参与腾讯云自媒体同步曝光计划，分享自作者个人站点/博客。

原始发表：2020-09-11 ，如有侵权请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除

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