浅谈opencv自动光学检测、目标分割和检测(连通区域和findContours)

#include <opencv2\core\utility.hpp 
#include <opencv2\imgproc.hpp 
#include <opencv2\highgui.hpp 
#include<opencv2\opencv.hpp 
#include <opencv2\core\core.hpp 
#include <opencv2\core\matx.hpp 
#include<string 
#include <iostream 
#include <limits 
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;
Mat img = imread("C:\\Users\\hasee\\Desktop\\luosi.jpg",0);
Mat removeLight(Mat imge, Mat pattern, int method);
Mat calculateLightPattern(Mat img);
static Scalar randomColor(RNG& rng);
void ConnectedComponents(Mat img);
void ConnectedComponetsStats(Mat img);
void FindContoursBasic(Mat img);
void main()
{
Mat img_noise;
medianBlur(img,img_noise,3);
Mat pattern = calculateLightPattern(img_noise);
Mat re_light = removeLight(img_noise, pattern, 1);
Mat img_thr;
threshold(re_light,img_thr,30,255,THRESH_BINARY);
//ConnectedComponents(img_thr);
ConnectedComponetsStats(img_thr);
//FindContoursBasic(img_thr);
waitKey(0);
}
Mat removeLight(Mat imge, Mat pattern, int method) {
Mat aux;
if (method == 1) {
Mat img32, pattern32;
imge.convertTo(img32, CV_32F);
pattern.convertTo(pattern32, CV_32F);
aux = 1 - (img32 / pattern32);
aux = aux * 255;
aux.convertTo(aux, CV_8U);
}
else {
aux = pattern - imge;
}
return aux;
}
Mat calculateLightPattern(Mat img) {
Mat pattern;
blur(img, pattern, Size(img.cols / 3, img.cols / 3));
return pattern;
}
static Scalar randomColor(RNG& rng)
{
int icolor = (unsigned)rng;
return Scalar(icolor & 255, (icolor    8) & 255, (icolor    16) & 255);
}
void ConnectedComponents(Mat img) {
Mat lables;
int num_objects = connectedComponents(img, lables);
if (num_objects < 2) {
cout << "未检测到目标" << endl;
return;
}
else {
cout << "检测到的目标数量： " << num_objects - 1 << endl;
}
Mat output = Mat::zeros(img.rows,img.cols,CV_8UC3);
RNG rng(0xFFFFFFFF);
for (int i = 1; i < num_objects;i++) {
Mat mask = lables == i;
output.setTo(randomColor(rng),mask);
}
imshow("Result",output);
}
void ConnectedComponetsStats(Mat img) {
Mat labels, stats, centroids;
int num_objects = connectedComponentsWithStats(img,labels,stats,centroids);
if (num_objects<2) {
cout << "未检测到目标" << endl;
return;
}
else {
cout << "检测到的目标数量： " << num_objects - 1 << endl;
}
Mat output = Mat::zeros(img.rows, img.cols, CV_8UC3);
RNG rng(0xFFFFFFFF);
for (int i = 1; i < num_objects; i++) {
Mat mask = labels == i;
output.setTo(randomColor(rng), mask);
stringstream ss;
ss << "area: " << stats.at<int (i,CC_STAT_AREA);
putText(output,ss.str(), centroids.at<Point2d (i),FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX,0.4,Scalar(255,255,255));
}
imshow("Result", output);
}
void FindContoursBasic(Mat img) {
vector<vector<Point   contours;
findContours(img, contours, RETR_EXTERNAL, CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE);
Mat output = Mat::zeros(img.rows, img.cols, CV_8UC3);
if (contours.size()==0) {
cout << "未检测到对象" << endl;
return;
}else{
cout << "检测到对象数量： " << contours.size() << endl;
}
RNG rng(0xFFFFFFFF);
for (int i = 0; i < contours.size(); i++)
drawContours(output,contours,i,randomColor(rng));
imshow("Result", output);
}

#include "stdafx.h" 
#include <opencv2\opencv.hpp  
#include <opencv2\nonfree\nonfree.hpp  
#include <opencv2\legacy\legacy.hpp  
#include <iostream  
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) 
{ 
//读取图片 
cv::Mat srcImg1 = cv::imread("1.jpg", 1); 
cv::Mat srcImg2 = cv::imread("2.jpg", 1); 
if (srcImg1.empty() || srcImg2.empty()) 
{ 
std::cout << "Read Image ERROR!" << std::endl; 
return 0; 
} 
//SURF算子特征点检测 
int minHessian = 700; 
cv::SurfFeatureDetector detector(minHessian);//定义特征点类对象 
std::vector<cv::KeyPoint  keyPoint1, keyPoint2;//存放动态数组，也就是特征点 
detector.detect(srcImg1, keyPoint1); 
detector.detect(srcImg2, keyPoint2); 
//特征向量 
cv::SurfDescriptorExtractor extrator;//定义描述类对象 
cv::Mat descriptor1, descriptor2;//描述对象 
extrator.compute(srcImg1, keyPoint1, descriptor1); 
extrator.compute(srcImg2, keyPoint2, descriptor2); 
//BruteForce暴力匹配 
cv::BruteForceMatcher <cv::L2<float  matcher;//匹配器 
std::vector <cv::DMatch  matches; 
matcher12.match(descriptor1, descriptor2, matches); 
//绘制关键点 
cv::Mat imgMatch; 
cv::drawMatches(srcImg1, keyPoint1, srcImg2, keyPoint2, matches, imgMatch); 
cv::namedWindow("匹配图", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE); 
cv::imshow("匹配图", imgMatch); 
cv::imwrite("匹配图.jpg", imgMatch); 
cv::waitKey(10); 
return 0; 
}