从0到1部署一套TiDB本地集群

jinjunzhu

发布于 2021-01-18 12:32:38

7250

发布于 2021-01-18 12:32:38

TiDB是一款开源的NewSQL数据库，我们看一下官方的描述：

TiDB 是 PingCAP 公司自主设计、研发的开源分布式关系型数据库，是一款同时支持在线事务处理与在线分析处理 (Hybrid Transactional and Analytical Processing, HTAP）的融合型分布式数据库产品，具备水平扩容或者缩容、金融级高可用、实时 HTAP、云原生的分布式数据库、兼容 MySQL 5.7 协议和 MySQL 生态等重要特性。目标是为用户提供一站式 OLTP (Online Transactional Processing)、OLAP (Online Analytical Processing)、HTAP 解决方案。TiDB 适合高可用、强一致要求较高、数据规模较大等各种应用场景。

这里面有几个关键点：

分布式关系型数据库
兼容MySQL5.7
支持HTAP(在线事务处理和在线分析处理)
对金融行业支持很好，支持高可用、强一致和大数据场景

基本概念

这里介绍一下TiDB中的几个重要概念：

PD：Placement Driver，是TiDB的一个总控节点，负责集群的整体调度外，全局ID生成，以及全局时间戳TSO(中心化授时)的生成。也就是说全局时钟在这个节点实现。
TiKV：TiDB 的存储层，是一个分布式事务型的键值数据库，满足ACID事务，使用Raft协议保证多副本一致性，还存储统计数据，
TiFlash：HTAP形态的关键组件，它是TiKV的列存扩展，在提供了良好的隔离性的同时，也兼顾了强一致性。
Monitor：TiDB监控组件

实验环境

由于我本地资源的限制，我们使用快速部署的方式。

TiDB快速部署的方式有2种：

第一种：使用 TiUP Playground 快速部署本地测试环境

适用场景：利用本地 Mac 或者单机 Linux 环境快速部署 TiDB 集群。可以体验 TiDB 集群的基本架构，以及 TiDB、TiKV、PD、监控等基础组件的运行。

第二种：使用TiUP cluster在单机上模拟生产环境部署步骤

希望用单台Linux服务器，体验TiDB最小的完整拓扑的集群，并模拟生产的部署步骤。

这里我采用第二种方式。

据官方描述，TiDB在CentOS 7.3做过大量的测试，建议在CentOS 7.3以上部署。

本地环境：VMware虚拟机，操作系统CentOS7.6

开始部署

我们按照官方的步骤来安装

1.关闭防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld
service  iptables stop

2.下载并安装 TiUP，命令和结果如下

[root@master ~]# curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com/install.sh | sh
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100 8697k  100 8697k    0     0  4316k      0  0:00:02  0:00:02 --:--:-- 4318k
WARN: adding root certificate via internet: https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com/root.json
You can revoke this by remove /root/.tiup/bin/7b8e153f2e2d0928.root.json
Set mirror to https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com success
Detected shell: bash
Shell profile:  /root/.bash_profile
/root/.bash_profile has been modified to add tiup to PATH
open a new terminal or source /root/.bash_profile to use it
Installed path: /root/.tiup/bin/tiup
===============================================
Have a try:     tiup playground
===============================================

3.安装 TiUP 的 cluster 组件

首先声明全局的环境变量，不然找不到tiup命令：

source .bash_profile

执行安装cluster命令：

tiup cluster

输出如下：

[root@master ~]# tiup cluster
The component `cluster` is not installed; downloading from repository.
download https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com/cluster-v1.3.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz 10.05 MiB / 10.05 MiB 100.00% 13.05 MiB p/s                                               
Starting component `cluster`: /root/.tiup/components/cluster/v1.3.1/tiup-cluster
Deploy a TiDB cluster for production

Usage:
  tiup cluster [command]

Available Commands:
  check       Perform preflight checks for the cluster.
  deploy      Deploy a cluster for production
  start       Start a TiDB cluster
  stop        Stop a TiDB cluster
  restart     Restart a TiDB cluster
  scale-in    Scale in a TiDB cluster
  scale-out   Scale out a TiDB cluster
  destroy     Destroy a specified cluster
  clean       (EXPERIMENTAL) Cleanup a specified cluster
  upgrade     Upgrade a specified TiDB cluster
  exec        Run shell command on host in the tidb cluster
  display     Display information of a TiDB cluster
  prune       Destroy and remove instances that is in tombstone state
  list        List all clusters
  audit       Show audit log of cluster operation
  import      Import an exist TiDB cluster from TiDB-Ansible
  edit-config Edit TiDB cluster config.
Will use editor from environment variable `EDITOR`, default use vi
  reload      Reload a TiDB cluster's config and restart if needed
  patch       Replace the remote package with a specified package and restart the service
  rename      Rename the cluster
  enable      Enable a TiDB cluster automatically at boot
  disable     Disable starting a TiDB cluster automatically at boot
  help        Help about any command

Flags:
  -h, --help                help for tiup
      --ssh string          (EXPERIMENTAL) The executor type: 'builtin', 'system', 'none'.
      --ssh-timeout uint    Timeout in seconds to connect host via SSH, ignored for operations that don't need an SSH connection. (default 5)
  -v, --version             version for tiup
      --wait-timeout uint   Timeout in seconds to wait for an operation to complete, ignored for operations that don't fit. (default 120)
  -y, --yes                 Skip all confirmations and assumes 'yes'

Use "tiup cluster help [command]" for more information about a command.

4.调大sshd服务的连接数限制

这里需要使用root权限，具体修改/etc/ssh/sshd_config文件下面的参数配置：

MaxSessions 20

改完后重启sshd：

[root@master ~]# service sshd restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart sshd.service

5.编辑集群配置模板文件

这个文件我们命名为topo.yaml，内容如下：

# # Global variables are applied to all deployments and used as the default value of
# # the deployments if a specific deployment value is missing.
global:
 user: "tidb"
 ssh_port: 22
 deploy_dir: "/tidb-deploy"
 data_dir: "/tidb-data"

# # Monitored variables are applied to all the machines.
monitored:
 node_exporter_port: 9100
 blackbox_exporter_port: 9115

server_configs:
 tidb:
   log.slow-threshold: 300
 tikv:
   readpool.storage.use-unified-pool: false
   readpool.coprocessor.use-unified-pool: true
 pd:
   replication.enable-placement-rules: true
   replication.location-labels: ["host"]
 tiflash:
   logger.level: "info"

pd_servers:
 - host: 192.168.59.146

tidb_servers:
 - host: 192.168.59.146

tikv_servers:
 - host: 192.168.59.146
   port: 20160
   status_port: 20180
   config:
     server.labels: { host: "logic-host-1" }

# - host: 192.168.59.146
#   port: 20161
#   status_port: 20181
#   config:
#     server.labels: { host: "logic-host-2" }

# - host: 192.168.59.146
#   port: 20162
#   status_port: 20182
#   config:
#     server.labels: { host: "logic-host-3" }

tiflash_servers:
 - host: 192.168.59.146

这里有2点需要注意:

文件中的host是部署TiDB的服务器ip
ssh_port默认是22

官方文件的tikv_servers是3个节点，我这里设置成了只有1个节点，原因是本地配置多个节点时只有1个节点能启动成功

6.部署集群

部署集群的命令如下：

tiup cluster deploy <cluster-name> <tidb-version> ./topo.yaml --user root -p

上面的cluster-name是集群名称，tidb-version是指TiDB版本号，可以通过tiup list tidb这个命令来查看，这里使用v3.1.2，集群名称叫mytidb-cluster，命令如下：

tiup cluster deploy mytidb-cluster v3.1.2 ./topo.yaml --user root -p

下面是部署时输出的日志：

[root@master ~]# tiup cluster deploy mytidb-cluster v3.1.2 ./topo.yaml --user root -p
Starting component `cluster`: /root/.tiup/components/cluster/v1.3.1/tiup-cluster deploy mytidb-cluster v3.1.2 ./topo.yaml --user root -p
Please confirm your topology:
Cluster type:    tidb
Cluster name:    mytidb-cluster
Cluster version: v3.1.2
Type        Host            Ports                            OS/Arch       Directories
----        ----            -----                            -------       -----------
pd          192.168.59.146  2379/2380                        linux/x86_64  /tidb-deploy/pd-2379,/tidb-data/pd-2379
tikv        192.168.59.146  20160/20180                      linux/x86_64  /tidb-deploy/tikv-20160,/tidb-data/tikv-20160
tidb        192.168.59.146  4000/10080                       linux/x86_64  /tidb-deploy/tidb-4000
tiflash     192.168.59.146  9000/8123/3930/20170/20292/8234  linux/x86_64  /tidb-deploy/tiflash-9000,/tidb-data/tiflash-9000
prometheus  192.168.59.146  9090                             linux/x86_64  /tidb-deploy/prometheus-9090,/tidb-data/prometheus-9090
grafana     192.168.59.146  3000                             linux/x86_64  /tidb-deploy/grafana-3000
Attention:
    1. If the topology is not what you expected, check your yaml file.
    2. Please confirm there is no port/directory conflicts in same host.
Do you want to continue? [y/N]:  y
Input SSH password: 
+ Generate SSH keys ... Done
+ Download TiDB components
  - Download pd:v3.1.2 (linux/amd64) ... Done
  - Download tikv:v3.1.2 (linux/amd64) ... Done
  - Download tidb:v3.1.2 (linux/amd64) ... Done
  - Download tiflash:v3.1.2 (linux/amd64) ... Done
  - Download prometheus:v3.1.2 (linux/amd64) ... Done
  - Download grafana:v3.1.2 (linux/amd64) ... Done
  - Download node_exporter:v0.17.0 (linux/amd64) ... Done
  - Download blackbox_exporter:v0.12.0 (linux/amd64) ... Done
+ Initialize target host environments
  - Prepare 192.168.59.146:22 ... Done
+ Copy files
  - Copy pd -> 192.168.59.146 ... Done
  - Copy tikv -> 192.168.59.146 ... Done
  - Copy tidb -> 192.168.59.146 ... Done
  - Copy tiflash -> 192.168.59.146 ... Done
  - Copy prometheus -> 192.168.59.146 ... Done
  - Copy grafana -> 192.168.59.146 ... Done
  - Copy node_exporter -> 192.168.59.146 ... Done
  - Copy blackbox_exporter -> 192.168.59.146 ... Done
+ Check status
Enabling component pd
        Enabling instance pd 192.168.59.146:2379
        Enable pd 192.168.59.146:2379 success
Enabling component node_exporter
Enabling component blackbox_exporter
Enabling component tikv
        Enabling instance tikv 192.168.59.146:20160
        Enable tikv 192.168.59.146:20160 success
Enabling component tidb
        Enabling instance tidb 192.168.59.146:4000
        Enable tidb 192.168.59.146:4000 success
Enabling component tiflash
        Enabling instance tiflash 192.168.59.146:9000
        Enable tiflash 192.168.59.146:9000 success
Enabling component prometheus
        Enabling instance prometheus 192.168.59.146:9090
        Enable prometheus 192.168.59.146:9090 success
Enabling component grafana
        Enabling instance grafana 192.168.59.146:3000
        Enable grafana 192.168.59.146:3000 success
Cluster `mytidb-cluster` deployed successfully, you can start it with command: `tiup cluster start mytidb-cluster`

7.启动集群

命令如下：

tiup cluster start mytidb-cluster

启动成功日志如下：

[root@master ~]# tiup cluster start mytidb-cluster
Starting component `cluster`: /root/.tiup/components/cluster/v1.3.1/tiup-cluster start mytidb-cluster
Starting cluster mytidb-cluster...
+ [ Serial ] - SSHKeySet: privateKey=/root/.tiup/storage/cluster/clusters/mytidb-cluster/ssh/id_rsa, publicKey=/root/.tiup/storage/cluster/clusters/mytidb-cluster/ssh/id_rsa.pub
+ [Parallel] - UserSSH: user=tidb, host=192.168.59.146
+ [Parallel] - UserSSH: user=tidb, host=192.168.59.146
+ [Parallel] - UserSSH: user=tidb, host=192.168.59.146
+ [Parallel] - UserSSH: user=tidb, host=192.168.59.146
+ [Parallel] - UserSSH: user=tidb, host=192.168.59.146
+ [Parallel] - UserSSH: user=tidb, host=192.168.59.146
+ [ Serial ] - StartCluster
Starting component pd
        Starting instance pd 192.168.59.146:2379
        Start pd 192.168.59.146:2379 success
Starting component node_exporter
        Starting instance 192.168.59.146
        Start 192.168.59.146 success
Starting component blackbox_exporter
        Starting instance 192.168.59.146
        Start 192.168.59.146 success
Starting component tikv
        Starting instance tikv 192.168.59.146:20160
        Start tikv 192.168.59.146:20160 success
Starting component tidb
        Starting instance tidb 192.168.59.146:4000
        Start tidb 192.168.59.146:4000 success
Starting component tiflash
        Starting instance tiflash 192.168.59.146:9000
        Start tiflash 192.168.59.146:9000 success
Starting component prometheus
        Starting instance prometheus 192.168.59.146:9090
        Start prometheus 192.168.59.146:9090 success
Starting component grafana
        Starting instance grafana 192.168.59.146:3000
        Start grafana 192.168.59.146:3000 success
+ [ Serial ] - UpdateTopology: cluster=mytidb-cluster
Started cluster `mytidb-cluster` successfully

8.访问数据库

因为TiDB支持mysql客户端访问，我们使用sqlyog登录TiDB，用户名root，密码空，地址192.168.59.149，端口4000，如下图：

登录成功如下图，左侧我们可以看到TiDB自带的一些表：

9.访问TiDB的Grafana监控

访问地址如下：

http://192.168.59.146:3000/login

初始用户名/密码:admin/admin，登录进去后修改密码，成功后页面如下：

10.dashboard

TiDB v3.x版本没有dashboard，v4.0开始加入，访问地址如下：

http://192.168.59.146:2379/dashboard

11.查看集群列表

命令：tiup cluster list，结果如下：

[root@master /]# tiup cluster list
Starting component `cluster`: /root/.tiup/components/cluster/v1.3.1/tiup-cluster list
Name            User  Version  Path                                                 PrivateKey
----            ----  -------  ----                                                 ----------
mytidb-cluster  tidb  v3.1.2   /root/.tiup/storage/cluster/clusters/mytidb-cluster  /root/.tiup/storage/cluster/clusters/mytidb-cluster/ssh/id_rsa

12.查看集群拓扑结构

命令如下：

tiup cluster list

输入命令后，我本地集群的输出如下：

[root@master /]# tiup cluster list
Starting component `cluster`: /root/.tiup/components/cluster/v1.3.1/tiup-cluster list
Name            User  Version  Path                                                 PrivateKey
----            ----  -------  ----                                                 ----------
mytidb-cluster  tidb  v3.1.2   /root/.tiup/storage/cluster/clusters/mytidb-cluster  /root/.tiup/storage/cluster/clusters/mytidb-cluster/ssh/id_rsa
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@master /]# tiup cluster display mytidb-cluster
Starting component `cluster`: /root/.tiup/components/cluster/v1.3.1/tiup-cluster display mytidb-cluster
Cluster type:       tidb
Cluster name:       mytidb-cluster
Cluster version:    v3.1.2
SSH type:           builtin
ID                    Role        Host            Ports                            OS/Arch       Status  Data Dir                    Deploy Dir
--                    ----        ----            -----                            -------       ------  --------                    ----------
192.168.59.146:3000   grafana     192.168.59.146  3000                             linux/x86_64  Up      -                           /tidb-deploy/grafana-3000
192.168.59.146:2379   pd          192.168.59.146  2379/2380                        linux/x86_64  Up|L    /tidb-data/pd-2379          /tidb-deploy/pd-2379
192.168.59.146:9090   prometheus  192.168.59.146  9090                             linux/x86_64  Up      /tidb-data/prometheus-9090  /tidb-deploy/prometheus-9090
192.168.59.146:4000   tidb        192.168.59.146  4000/10080                       linux/x86_64  Up      -                           /tidb-deploy/tidb-4000
192.168.59.146:9000   tiflash     192.168.59.146  9000/8123/3930/20170/20292/8234  linux/x86_64  Up      /tidb-data/tiflash-9000     /tidb-deploy/tiflash-9000
192.168.59.146:20160  tikv        192.168.59.146  20160/20180                      linux/x86_64  Up      /tidb-data/tikv-20160       /tidb-deploy/tikv-20160
Total nodes: 6

遇到的问题

安装TiDB v4.0.9版本，可以部署成功，但是启动报错，如果topo.yaml中配置了3个节点，启动报错，tikv只能启动成功一个，日志如下：

[root@master ~]# tiup cluster start mytidb-cluster
Starting component `cluster`: /root/.tiup/components/cluster/v1.3.1/tiup-cluster start mytidb-cluster
Starting cluster mytidb-cluster...
+ [ Serial ] - SSHKeySet: privateKey=/root/.tiup/storage/cluster/clusters/mytidb-cluster/ssh/id_rsa, publicKey=/root/.tiup/storage/cluster/clusters/mytidb-cluster/ssh/id_rsa.pub
+ [Parallel] - UserSSH: user=tidb, host=192.168.59.146
+ [Parallel] - UserSSH: user=tidb, host=192.168.59.146
+ [Parallel] - UserSSH: user=tidb, host=192.168.59.146
+ [Parallel] - UserSSH: user=tidb, host=192.168.59.146
+ [Parallel] - UserSSH: user=tidb, host=192.168.59.146
+ [Parallel] - UserSSH: user=tidb, host=192.168.59.146
+ [Parallel] - UserSSH: user=tidb, host=192.168.59.146
+ [Parallel] - UserSSH: user=tidb, host=192.168.59.146
+ [ Serial ] - StartCluster
Starting component pd
        Starting instance pd 192.168.59.146:2379
        Start pd 192.168.59.146:2379 success
Starting component node_exporter
        Starting instance 192.168.59.146
        Start 192.168.59.146 success
Starting component blackbox_exporter
        Starting instance 192.168.59.146
        Start 192.168.59.146 success
Starting component tikv
        Starting instance tikv 192.168.59.146:20162
        Starting instance tikv 192.168.59.146:20160
        Starting instance tikv 192.168.59.146:20161
        Start tikv 192.168.59.146:20162 success

Error: failed to start tikv: failed to start: tikv 192.168.59.146:20161, please check the instance's log(/tidb-deploy/tikv-20161/log) for more detail.: timed out waiting for port 20161 to be started after 2m0s

Verbose debug logs has been written to /root/.tiup/logs/tiup-cluster-debug-2021-01-05-19-58-46.log.
Error: run `/root/.tiup/components/cluster/v1.3.1/tiup-cluster` (wd:/root/.tiup/data/SLGrLJI) failed: exit status 1

查看日志文件/tidb-deploy/tikv-20161/log/tikv.log，提示下面2个目录下找不到文件：

[2021/01/06 05:48:44.231 -05:00] [FATAL] [lib.rs:482] ["called `Result::unwrap()` on an `Err` value: Os { code: 2, kind: NotFound, message: \"No such file or directory\" }"] [backtrace="stack backtrace:\n   0: tikv_util::set_panic_hook::{{closure}}\n             at components/tikv_util/src/lib.rs:481\n   1: std::panicking::rust_panic_with_hook\n             at src/libstd/panicking.rs:475\n   2: rust_begin_unwind\n             at src/libstd/panicking.rs:375\n   3: core::panicking::panic_fmt\n             at src/libcore/panicking.rs:84\n   4: core::result::unwrap_failed\n             at src/libcore/result.rs:1188\n   5: core::result::Result<T,E>::unwrap\n             at /rustc/0de96d37fbcc54978458c18f5067cd9817669bc8/src/libcore/result.rs:956\n      cmd::server::TiKVServer::init_fs\n             at cmd/src/server.rs:310\n      cmd::server::run_tikv\n             at cmd/src/server.rs:95\n   6: tikv_server::main\n             at cmd/src/bin/tikv-server.rs:166\n   7: std::rt::lang_start::{{closure}}\n             at /rustc/0de96d37fbcc54978458c18f5067cd9817669bc8/src/libstd/rt.rs:67\n   8: main\n   9: __libc_start_main\n  10: <unknown>\n"] [location=src/libcore/result.rs:1188] [thread_name=main]

如果配置一个节点，启动还是失败，启动日志我们截取后半段：

Starting component pd
        Starting instance pd 192.168.59.146:2379
        Start pd 192.168.59.146:2379 success
Starting component node_exporter
        Starting instance 192.168.59.146
        Start 192.168.59.146 success
Starting component blackbox_exporter
        Starting instance 192.168.59.146
        Start 192.168.59.146 success
Starting component tikv
        Starting instance tikv 192.168.59.146:20160
        Start tikv 192.168.59.146:20160 success
Starting component tidb
        Starting instance tidb 192.168.59.146:4000
        Start tidb 192.168.59.146:4000 success
Starting component tiflash
        Starting instance tiflash 192.168.59.146:9000

Error: failed to start tiflash: failed to start: tiflash 192.168.59.146:9000, please check the instance's log(/tidb-deploy/tiflash-9000/log) for more detail.: timed out waiting for port 9000 to be started after 2m0s

Verbose debug logs has been written to /root/.tiup/logs/tiup-cluster-debug-2021-01-06-20-02-13.log.

在/tidb-deploy/tiflash-9000/log中文件如下：

[2021/01/06 20:06:26.207 -05:00] [INFO] [mod.rs:335] ["starting working thread"] [worker=region-collector-worker]
[2021/01/06 20:06:27.130 -05:00] [FATAL] [lib.rs:482] ["called `Result::unwrap()` on an `Err` value: Os { code: 2, kind: NotFound, message: \"No such file or directory\" }"] [backtrace="stack backtrace:\n   0: tikv_util::set_panic_hook::{{closure}}\n   1: std::panicking::rust_panic_with_hook\n             at src/libstd/panicking.rs:475\n   2: rust_begin_unwind\n             at src/libstd/panicking.rs:375\n   3: core::panicking::panic_fmt\n             at src/libcore/panicking.rs:84\n   4: core::result::unwrap_failed\n             at src/libcore/result.rs:1188\n   5: cmd::server::run_tikv\n   6: run_proxy\n   7: operator()\n             at /home/jenkins/agent/workspace/optimization-build-tidb-linux-amd/tics/dbms/src/Server/Server.cpp:415\n   8: execute_native_thread_routine\n             at ../../../../../libstdc++-v3/src/c++11/thread.cc:83\n   9: start_thread\n  10: __clone\n"] [location=src/libcore/result.rs:1188] [thread_name=<unnamed>]

试了v4.0.1版本，也是一样的问题，都是报找不到文件的错误。

总结

TiDB部署相对容易，但是如果部署失败，比如本文的V4.0.x版本，不太好解决，因为网上相关的经验很少，官网也找不到，只能翻源代码来解决了。

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原始发表：2021-01-08，如有侵权请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除

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