⌛️本文状态:已完结✔️
$$ \begin{align} &1. \sin x=x-\frac{1}{6}x^3+o(x^3)\\ &2. \arcsin x=x+\frac{1}{6}x^3+o(x^3)\\ &3. \tan x=x+\frac{1}{3}x^3+o(x^3)\\ &4. \arctan x=x-\frac{1}{3}x^3+o(x^3)\\ &5. \cos x=1-\frac{1}{2}x^2+\frac{1}{24}x^4+o(x^4)\\ &6. e^x=1+x+\frac{1}{2}x^2+\frac{1}{6}x^3+o(x^3)\\ &7. \ln(1+x)=x-\frac{1}{2}x^2+\frac{1}{3}x^3+o(x^3)\\ &8. (1+x)^{\alpha}=1+\alpha x+\frac{\alpha(\alpha-1)}{2}x^2+o(x^2) \end{align} $$
对应的等价无穷小:
拓展和记法:
狗减sin狗,1/6狗三儿。
sin变arcsin,第二项变号。arcsin变tan,1/6变1/3。
sin变cos,各项求导。
$$ \begin{align} 1.& (\arctan x)'=\frac{1}{1+x^2}\\ 2.& (arccot\ x)'=-\frac{1}{1+x^2}\\ 3.& (\arcsin x)'=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}\\ 4.& (\arccos x)'=-\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}\\ 5.& \ln(x+\sqrt{x^2+a^2})'=\frac{1}{\sqrt{x^2+a^2}}\\ 6.& \ln(x+\sqrt{x^2-a^2})'=\frac{1}{\sqrt{x^2-a^2}} \end{align} $$
$$ \begin{align} 1. &\int{\frac{1}{x^2}}dx=-\frac{1}{x}+C\\ 2. &\int{\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}}dx=2\sqrt{x}+C\ (\frac{1}{\sqrt x}dx=d(2\sqrt x))\\ 3. &\int{\frac{1}{x}}dx=\ln|x|+C\\ 4. &\ \int \sin xdx=-\cos x+C\\ &\ \int \cos xdx=\sin x+C\\ &\ \int tanxdx=-\ln \left| \cos x\right| +C\\ &\ \int \cot xdx=\ln \left| \sin x\right| +C\\ &\ \int \dfrac {dx}{\cos x}=\int \sec xdx=\ln \left| \sec x+\tan x\right| +C\\ &\ \int \dfrac {dx}{\sin x}=\int \csc xdx=\ln \left| \csc x-\cot x\right| +C\\ &\ \int \sec ^{2}xdx=\tan x+C\\ &\ \int \csc ^{2}xdx=-\cot x+C\\ &\ \int \sec x\tan xdx=\sec x+C\\ &\ \int \csc x\cot xdx=-\csc x+C\\ 5. &\ \int \dfrac {1}{1 +x^{2}}dx=\arctan x+C\\ &\ \int \dfrac {1}{a^2 +x^{2}}dx=\dfrac{1}{a}\arctan \dfrac{x}{a}+C\\ 6. &\ \int \dfrac {1}{x^{2}-a^{2}}dx=\dfrac {1}{2a}\ln \left| \dfrac {x-a}{x+a}\right| +C\\ &\ \int \dfrac {1}{a^{2}-x^{2}}dx=\dfrac {1}{2a}\ln \left| \dfrac {x+a}{x-a}\right| +C\\ 7. &\ \int \dfrac {1}{\sqrt {1-x^{2}}}dx=\arcsin x+C\\ &\ \int \dfrac {1}{\sqrt {a^2-x^{2}}}dx=\arcsin \dfrac{x}{a}+C\\ 8. &\ \int \dfrac {1}{\sqrt {x^{2}+a^{2}}}dx=\ln \left( x+\sqrt {x^{2}+a^{2}}\right) +C\\ &\ \int \dfrac {1}{\sqrt {x^{2}-a^{2}}}dx=\ln \left( x+\sqrt {x^{2}-a^{2}}\right) +C\\ 9. &\int \sqrt {a^{2}-x^{2}}dx=\dfrac {a^{2}}{2}\arcsin \dfrac {x}{a}+\dfrac {x}{2} \sqrt {a^2-x^{2}}+C\\ \end{align} $$
【注】有价值的公式: