每天学一个 Linux 命令（115）：accton
命令简介
accton 命令是 Linux 系统进程管理命令之一，它的作用是打开进程统计，如果命令后面不带任何参数，就是关闭进程统计。
默认系统是没有安装此命令的，需要用户在使用前自行安装，命令如下。
#CentOS
[root@centos7 ~]# acct
-bash: acct: command not found
[root@centos7 ~]# yum install psacct -y
#Debian && Ubuntu
apt-get install acct
#Fedora
dnf install psacct
安装完成之后，默认情况下，psacct 服务是关闭状态，在 RHEL/CentOS/Fedora 待系统下，需要用户手动去开启该服务。
[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl status psacct.service
● psacct.service - Kernel process accounting
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/psacct.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: inactive (dead)
[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl start psacct.service
[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl status psacct.service
● psacct.service - Kernel process accounting
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/psacct.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (exited) since Mon 2021-03-29 08:00:51 EDT; 2s ago
Process: 25987 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/accton /var/account/pacct (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 25985 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/psacct/accton-create (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 25987 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
语法格式
accton [OPTION] on|off|ACCOUNTING_FILE
选项说明
-p filename #指定密码文件filename
--version #显示ac版本并退出
--help #打印命令概要
准确的说 acct 是一个工具包，里面包含有针对用户连接时间、进程执行情况等进行统计的工具。它可以记录用户登录信息。用户所执行的程序，程序执行情况信息等。acct 包含以下工具包命令：
ac #显示登录账号的简要信息
accton #打开或关闭进程记录功能
last #显示曾经登录过的用户
lastcomm #显示已执行过的命令
sa #进程用户记录信息的摘要
dump-utmp #输出utmp文件内容
dump-acct #输出acct或pacct文件内容
accton 命令参数
on Activate process accounting and use default file
off Deactivate process accounting
ACCOUNTING_FILE Activate (if not active) and save information in
this file
The system's default process accounting file is '/var/account/pacct'.
Report bugs to <bug-acct@gnu.org>
相关的详细信息可查看帮助文件
应用举例
#显示用户连接时间的统计信息
[root@centos7 ~]# ac
total 173.79
#输出每天的总登录时间（小时）
[root@centos7 ~]# ac -d
Aug 20 total 13.60
Aug 30 total 3.19
Dec 24 total 0.28
Jan 2 total 21.99
Jan 15 total 1.22
Jan 16 total 23.75
Jan 17 total 31.34
Mar 10 total 7.38
Mar 21 total 2.84
Mar 23 total 0.04
Mar 24 total 24.62
Mar 27 total 0.66
Mar 28 total 22.98
Today total 19.90
#显示每个用户的总登录时间（小时）
[root@centos7 ~]# ac -p
root 173.79
total 173.79
显示指定用户的每天登录时长（小时）
[root@centos7 ~]# ac -d mingongge
[root@centos7 ~]# ac -d root
Aug 20 total 13.60
Aug 30 total 3.19
Dec 24 total 0.28
Jan 2 total 21.99
Jan 15 total 1.22
Jan 16 total 23.75
Jan 17 total 31.34
Mar 10 total 7.38
Mar 21 total 2.84
Mar 23 total 0.04
Mar 24 total 24.62
Mar 27 total 0.66
Mar 28 total 22.98
Today total 19.98
打开或关闭进程账号记录功能
[root@centos7 ~]# accton on
Turning on process accounting, file set to the default '/var/account/pacct'.
[root@centos7 ~]# accton off
Turning off process accounting.
其它工具包举例
#显示曾经登录过的用户
[root@centos7 ~]# last
root pts/2 192.168.1.93 Mon Mar 29 05:57 still logged in
root tty1 Mon Mar 29 05:31 still logged in
root pts/1 192.168.1.93 Mon Mar 29 05:12 - 07:56 (02:44)
root pts/1 192.168.1.93 Mon Mar 29 05:08 - 05:11 (00:02)
root pts/0 192.168.1.93 Mon Mar 29 05:00 - 07:08 (02:08)
root pts/1 192.168.1.93 Sun Mar 28 23:42 - 04:59 (05:17)
root pts/0 192.168.1.93 Sun Mar 28 12:03 - 05:00 (16:56)
root pts/0 192.168.1.93 Sun Mar 28 10:38 - 12:00 (01:22)
root pts/0 192.168.1.93 Sun Mar 28 02:10 - 09:22 (07:12)
root pts/0 192.168.1.93 Sun Mar 28 02:07 - 02:10 (00:02)
root pts/1 192.168.1.93 Sun Mar 28 01:35 - 01:36 (00:00)
root pts/0 192.168.1.93 Sat Mar 27 23:20 - 02:07 (02:47)
reboot system boot 3.10.0-1127.18.2 Sat Mar 27 04:58 - 08:19 (2+03:20)
root pts/0 192.168.1.93 Wed Mar 24 21:09 - crash (2+07:49)
root pts/1 192.168.1.93 Wed Mar 24 15:15 - 15:54 (00:39)
root pts/0 192.168.1.93 Wed Mar 24 14:49 - 21:08 (06:19)
root pts/0 192.168.1.93 Wed Mar 24 05:44 - 14:48 (09:04)
root pts/0 192.168.1.93 Wed Mar 24 04:10 - 05:43 (01:33)
root pts/0 192.168.1.93 Tue Mar 23 23:57 - 04:10 (04:12)
reboot system boot 3.10.0-1127.18.2 Tue Mar 23 23:56 - 08:19 (5+08:22)
root pts/0 192.168.1.93 Tue Mar 23 23:27 - crash (00:29)
reboot system boot 3.10.0-1127.18.2 Mon Mar 22 07:22 - 08:19 (7+00:56)
root pts/0 192.168.1.93 Sun Mar 21 10:31 - 12:15 (01:43)
root pts/0 192.168.1.93 Sun Mar 21 10:07 - 10:30 (00:23)
root pts/0 192.168.1.93 Sun Mar 21 01:29 - 02:12 (00:43)
reboot system boot 3.10.0-1127.18.2 Sun Mar 21 01:28 - 08:19 (8+06:50)
root pts/0 192.168.1.93 Wed Mar 10 11:20 - 14:32 (03:12)
root pts/1 192.168.1.93 Wed Mar 10 10:39 - 11:11 (00:32)
root pts/1 192.168.1.93 Wed Mar 10 09:14 - 10:38 (01:24)
root pts/1 192.168.1.93 Wed Mar 10 09:04 - 09:05 (00:00)
root pts/0 192.168.1.93 Wed Mar 10 09:00 - 11:13 (02:13)
reboot system boot 3.10.0-1127.18.2 Mon Mar 8 10:20 - 08:19 (20+20:58)
root pts/2 centos7 Sun Jan 17 14:30 - 15:31 (01:00)
root pts/0 192.168.1.93 Sun Jan 17 14:26 - 15:31 (01:04)
root pts/0 192.168.1.93 Sun Jan 17 12:44 - 14:01 (01:16)
root tty1 Sun Jan 17 12:43 - crash (49+21:37)
root pts/1 192.168.1.93 Sun Jan 17 08:32 - 14:42 (06:10)
root pts/0 192.168.1.93 Sun Jan 17 08:26 - 10:31 (02:05)
root pts/0 192.168.1.93 Sat Jan 16 19:34 - 08:25 (12:51)
root pts/0 192.168.1.93 Sat Jan 16 16:17 - 19:33 (03:16)
root pts/0 192.168.1.93 Sat Jan 16 15:43 - 16:15 (00:31)
root pts/0 192.168.1.93 Sat Jan 16 10:28 - 15:43 (05:14)
root pts/0 192.168.1.93 Sat Jan 16 09:51 - 10:27 (00:36)
root pts/0 192.168.1.93 Sat Jan 16 03:35 - 09:51 (06:15)
root pts/0 192.168.1.93 Fri Jan 15 22:46 - 03:23 (04:37)
reboot system boot 3.10.0-1127.18.2 Thu Jan 14 05:41 - 08:19 (74+01:37)
root pts/0 192.168.1.93 Sat Jan 2 08:42 - 11:04 (02:22)
root pts/0 192.168.1.93 Sat Jan 2 06:42 - 08:41 (01:59)
root tty1 Sat Jan 2 06:22 - crash (11+23:19)
reboot system boot 3.10.0-1127.18.2 Sat Jan 2 06:21 - 08:19 (86+00:58)
root pts/0 192.168.1.93 Thu Dec 24 22:33 - 22:39 (00:06)
root tty1 Thu Dec 24 22:29 - 22:40 (00:10)
reboot system boot 3.10.0-1127.18.2 Thu Dec 24 22:28 - 22:40 (00:12)
root pts/1 192.168.1.93 Sun Aug 30 03:58 - down (00:44)
root pts/0 192.168.1.93 Sun Aug 30 03:29 - down (01:13)
root tty1 Sun Aug 30 03:29 - 04:42 (01:13)
reboot system boot 3.10.0-1127.18.2 Sun Aug 30 03:28 - 04:42 (01:14)
root pts/1 192.168.1.93 Thu Aug 20 11:20 - crash (9+16:08)
root pts/0 192.168.1.93 Thu Aug 20 10:46 - 11:39 (00:53)
reboot system boot 3.10.0-1062.el7. Thu Aug 20 10:45 - 04:42 (9+17:57)
root tty1 Thu Aug 20 10:42 - 10:45 (00:02)
reboot system boot 3.10.0-1062.el7. Thu Aug 20 10:42 - 10:45 (00:03)
wtmp begins Thu Aug 20 10:42:00 2020
#显示已执行过的命令
[root@centos7 ~]# lastcomm
last root pts/2 0.01 secs Mon Mar 29 08:19
bash F root pts/2 0.00 secs Mon Mar 29 08:19
cat root pts/2 0.00 secs Mon Mar 29 08:18
accton S root pts/2 0.00 secs Mon Mar 29 08:18
accton root pts/2 0.00 secs Mon Mar 29 08:17
accton S root pts/2 0.00 secs Mon Mar 29 08:17
accton root pts/2 0.00 secs Mon Mar 29 08:17
accton S root pts/2 0.00 secs Mon Mar 29 08:17
accton root pts/2 0.00 secs Mon Mar 29 08:17
ac root pts/2 0.00 secs Mon Mar 29 08:15
ac root pts/2 0.00 secs Mon Mar 29 08:15
ac root pts/2 0.00 secs Mon Mar 29 08:13
ac root pts/2 0.00 secs Mon Mar 29 08:13
ac root pts/2 0.00 secs Mon Mar 29 08:13
kworker/0:2 F root __ 0.00 secs Mon Mar 29 08:07
kworker/0:0 F root __ 2.36 secs Mon Mar 29 07:20
systemd-cgroups S root __ 0.00 secs Mon Mar 29 08:10
crond SF root __ 0.01 secs Mon Mar 29 08:10
sadc S root __ 0.01 secs Mon Mar 29 08:10
date root __ 0.00 secs Mon Mar 29 08:10
date root __ 0.00 secs Mon Mar 29 08:10
kworker/0:2 F root __ 0.22 secs Mon Mar 29 07:47
accton root pts/2 0.00 secs Mon Mar 29 08:03
systemd-cgroups S root __ 0.00 secs Mon Mar 29 08:01
crond SF root __ 0.02 secs Mon Mar 29 08:01
run-parts root __ 0.00 secs Mon Mar 29 08:01
logger root __ 0.00 secs Mon Mar 29 08:01
basename root __ 0.00 secs Mon Mar 29 08:01
awk root __ 0.00 secs Mon Mar 29 08:01
0anacron root __ 0.00 secs Mon Mar 29 08:01
date root __ 0.00 secs Mon Mar 29 08:01
cat root __ 0.00 secs Mon Mar 29 08:01
logger root __ 0.00 secs Mon Mar 29 08:01
basename root __ 0.00 secs Mon Mar 29 08:01
run-parts F root __ 0.00 secs Mon Mar 29 08:01
systemctl S root pts/2 0.00 secs Mon Mar 29 08:00
systemctl S root pts/2 0.00 secs Mon Mar 29 08:00
pkttyagent X root pts/2 0.03 secs Mon Mar 29 08:00
systemd-tty-ask root pts/2 0.01 secs Mon Mar 29 08:00
systemd-cgroups S root __ 0.00 secs Mon Mar 29 08:00
accton S root __ 0.00 secs Mon Mar 29 08:00
#输出所有的帐户活动信息
[root@centos7 ~]# sa
42 76.03re 0.04cp 0avio 15376k
11 52.42re 0.04cp 0avio 22963k ***other*
2 23.59re 0.00cp 0avio 0k kworker/0:2*
2 0.00re 0.00cp 0avio 32128k crond*
8 0.00re 0.00cp 0avio 795k accton
5 0.01re 0.00cp 0avio 1092k ac
3 0.00re 0.00cp 0avio 2168k systemd-cgroups
3 0.00re 0.00cp 0avio 27024k date
2 0.01re 0.00cp 0avio 33728k systemctl
2 0.00re 0.00cp 0avio 27024k cat
2 0.00re 0.00cp 0avio 27008k logger
2 0.00re 0.00cp 0avio 27008k basename
这个命令所包含的这些工具包，功能还是非常强大的，在日常工作中可以很大程度提高我们的工作效率，解决一些问题。
本文参与 腾讯云自媒体同步曝光计划，分享自微信公众号。
原始发表：2021-04-15，如有侵权请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除
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