这些绘图细节(字体、线类型、标记等)让你的论文配图耳目一新

from matplotlib.font_manager import FontProperties
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

font0 = FontProperties()
alignment = {'horizontalalignment': 'center', 'verticalalignment': 'baseline'}

# 展示字体类型
styles = ['normal', 'italic', 'oblique']
t = plt.figtext(0.3, 0.9, 'style', fontproperties=font1, **alignment)

for k, style in enumerate(styles):
    font = font0.copy()
    font.set_family('sans-serif')
    font.set_style(style)
    t = plt.figtext(0.3, yp[k], style, fontproperties=font, **alignment)

# Show variant options
variants = ['normal', 'small-caps']

t = plt.figtext(0.5, 0.9, 'variant', fontproperties=font1, **alignment)

for k, variant in enumerate(variants):
    font = font0.copy()
    font.set_family('serif')
    font.set_variant(variant)
    t = plt.figtext(0.5, yp[k], variant, fontproperties=font, **alignment)

# 展示字体粗细
weights = ['light', 'normal', 'medium', 'semibold', 'bold', 'heavy', 'black']

t = plt.figtext(0.7, 0.9, 'weight', fontproperties=font1, **alignment)

for k, weight in enumerate(weights):
    font = font0.copy()
    font.set_weight(weight)
    t = plt.figtext(0.7, yp[k], weight, fontproperties=font, **alignment)

# 展示字体大小
sizes = ['xx-small', 'x-small', 'small', 'medium', 'large',
         'x-large', 'xx-large']

t = plt.figtext(0.9, 0.9, 'size', fontproperties=font1, **alignment)

for k, size in enumerate(sizes):
    font = font0.copy()
    font.set_size(size)
    t = plt.figtext(0.9, yp[k], size, fontproperties=font, **alignment)
plt.show()

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

linestyle_str = [
     ('solid', 'solid'),      # Same as (0, ()) or '-'
     ('dotted', 'dotted'),    # Same as (0, (1, 1)) or '.'
     ('dashed', 'dashed'),    # Same as '--'
     ('dashdot', 'dashdot')]  # Same as '-.'

linestyle_tuple = [
     ('loosely dotted',        (0, (1, 10))),
     ('dotted',                (0, (1, 1))),
     ('densely dotted',        (0, (1, 1))),

     ('loosely dashed',        (0, (5, 10))),
     ('dashed',                (0, (5, 5))),
     ('densely dashed',        (0, (5, 1))),

     ('loosely dashdotted',    (0, (3, 10, 1, 10))),
     ('dashdotted',            (0, (3, 5, 1, 5))),
     ('densely dashdotted',    (0, (3, 1, 1, 1))),

     ('dashdotdotted',         (0, (3, 5, 1, 5, 1, 5))),
     ('loosely dashdotdotted', (0, (3, 10, 1, 10, 1, 10))),
     ('densely dashdotdotted', (0, (3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1)))]


def plot_linestyles(ax, linestyles, title):
    X, Y = np.linspace(0, 100, 10), np.zeros(10)
    yticklabels = []

    for i, (name, linestyle) in enumerate(linestyles):
        ax.plot(X, Y+i, linestyle=linestyle, linewidth=1.5, color='black')
        yticklabels.append(name)

    ax.set_title(title)
    ax.set(ylim=(-0.5, len(linestyles)-0.5),
           yticks=np.arange(len(linestyles)),
           yticklabels=yticklabels)
    ax.tick_params(left=False, bottom=False, labelbottom=False)
    for spine in ["left",'top',"right",'bottom']:
        #ax.spines[:].set_visible(False)
        ax.spines[spine].set_visible(False)

    # For each line style, add a text annotation with a small offset from
    # the reference point (0 in Axes coords, y tick value in Data coords).
    for i, (name, linestyle) in enumerate(linestyles):
        ax.annotate(repr(linestyle),
                    xy=(0.0, i), xycoords=ax.get_yaxis_transform(),
                    xytext=(-6, -12), textcoords='offset points',
                    color="blue", fontsize=8, ha="right", family="monospace")


ax0, ax1 = (plt.figure(figsize=(10, 8))
            .add_gridspec(2, 1, height_ratios=[1, 3])
            .subplots())

plot_linestyles(ax0, linestyle_str[::-1], title='Named linestyles')
plot_linestyles(ax1, linestyle_tuple[::-1], title='Parametrized linestyles')

plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.lines import Line2D


text_style = dict(horizontalalignment='right', verticalalignment='center',
                  fontsize=12, fontfamily='monospace')
marker_style = dict(linestyle=':', color='0.8', markersize=10,
                    markerfacecolor="#BC3C28", markeredgecolor="black")
                    
def format_axes(ax):
    ax.margins(0.2)
    ax.set_axis_off()
    ax.invert_yaxis()

def split_list(a_list):
    i_half = len(a_list) // 2
    return a_list[:i_half], a_list[i_half:]
    
##filled markers
fig, axs = plt.subplots(ncols=2,facecolor="white",figsize=(5,4),dpi=100)
fig.suptitle('Filled markers', fontsize=14)
for ax, markers in zip(axs, split_list(Line2D.filled_markers)):
    for y, marker in enumerate(markers):
        ax.text(-0.5, y, repr(marker), **text_style)
        ax.plot([y] * 3, marker=marker, **marker_style)
    format_axes(ax)
plt.show()

fig, axs = plt.subplots(ncols=2,facecolor="white",figsize=(5,4),dpi=100)
fig.suptitle('Un-filled markers', fontsize=14)

# Filter out filled markers and marker settings that do nothing.
unfilled_markers = [m for m, func in Line2D.markers.items()
                    if func != 'nothing' and m not in Line2D.filled_markers]

for ax, markers in zip(axs, split_list(unfilled_markers)):
    for y, marker in enumerate(markers):
        ax.text(-0.5, y, repr(marker), **text_style)
        ax.plot([y] * 3, marker=marker, **marker_style)
    format_axes(ax)
plt.show()

fig, ax = plt.subplots(facecolor="white",figsize=(6,4),dpi=100)
fig.suptitle('Marker fillstyle', fontsize=14)
fig.subplots_adjust(left=0.4)

filled_marker_style = dict(marker='o', linestyle=':', markersize=15,
                           color='#868686',
                           markerfacecolor='#EFC000',
                           markerfacecoloralt='lightsteelblue',
                           markeredgecolor='brown')

for y, fill_style in enumerate(Line2D.fillStyles):
    ax.text(-0.5, y, repr(fill_style), **text_style)
    ax.plot([y] * 3, fillstyle=fill_style, **filled_marker_style)
format_axes(ax)
plt.show()