一天一个 Linux 命令（18）：ln 命令

ln [OPTION]... [-T] TARGET LINK_NAME   (1st form)
  or:  ln [OPTION]... TARGET                  (2nd form)
  or:  ln [OPTION]... TARGET... DIRECTORY     (3rd form)
  or:  ln [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY TARGET...  (4th form)
 
ln [参数][源文件或目录][目标文件或目录]
 

Usage: ln [OPTION]... [-T] TARGET LINK_NAME   (1st form)
  or:  ln [OPTION]... TARGET                  (2nd form)
  or:  ln [OPTION]... TARGET... DIRECTORY     (3rd form)
  or:  ln [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY TARGET...  (4th form)
In the 1st form, create a link to TARGET with the name LINK_NAME.
In the 2nd form, create a link to TARGET in the current directory.
In the 3rd and 4th forms, create links to each TARGET in DIRECTORY.
Create hard links by default, symbolic links with --symbolic.
By default, each destination (name of new link) should not already exist.
When creating hard links, each TARGET must exist.  Symbolic links
can hold arbitrary text; if later resolved, a relative link is
interpreted in relation to its parent directory.

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
      --backup[=CONTROL]      make a backup of each existing destination file
  -b                          like --backup but does not accept an argument
  -d, -F, --directory         allow the superuser to attempt to hard link
                                directories (note: will probably fail due to
                                system restrictions, even for the superuser)
  -f, --force                 remove existing destination files
  -i, --interactive           prompt whether to remove destinations
  -L, --logical               dereference TARGETs that are symbolic links
  -n, --no-dereference        treat LINK_NAME as a normal file if
                                it is a symbolic link to a directory
  -P, --physical              make hard links directly to symbolic links
  -r, --relative              create symbolic links relative to link location
  -s, --symbolic              make symbolic links instead of hard links
  -S, --suffix=SUFFIX         override the usual backup suffix
  -t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY  specify the DIRECTORY in which to create
                                the links
  -T, --no-target-directory   treat LINK_NAME as a normal file always
  -v, --verbose               print name of each linked file
      --help     display this help and exit
      --version  output version information and exit

The backup suffix is '~', unless set with --suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.
The version control method may be selected via the --backup option or through
the VERSION_CONTROL environment variable.  Here are the values:

  none, off       never make backups (even if --backup is given)
  numbered, t     make numbered backups
  existing, nil   numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise
  simple, never   always make simple backups

Using -s ignores -L and -P.  Otherwise, the last option specified controls
behavior when a TARGET is a symbolic link, defaulting to -P.

-b 删除，覆盖以前建立的链接

-d 允许超级用户制作目录的硬链接

-f 强制执行

-i 交互模式，文件存在则提示用户是否覆盖

-n 把符号链接视为一般目录

-s 软链接(符号链接)

-v 显示详细的处理过程

-S “-S<字尾备份字符串> ”或 “--suffix=<字尾备份字符串>”

-V “-V<备份方式>”或“--version-control=<备份方式>”

--help 显示帮助信息

--version 显示版本信息

ln -s test.txt link_test.txt

ln test.txt hard_link_test.txt

# ll -a|grep test.txt
-rwxrwxrwx   2 root root    0 Sep  8 18:17 hard_link_test.txt
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    8 Sep 22 17:30 link_test.txt -> test.txt
-rwxrwxrwx   2 root root    0 Sep  8 18:17 test.txt

rm -rf test.txt

ll -a|grep test.txt

touch test.txt

ll -a|grep test.txt

echo "hello" > test.txt

ll -a|grep test.txt

ln test.txt test2/

ln -sv /root/test/test3 /root/test/test5

# ll|grep test3
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Sep  8 18:23 test3
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   16 Sep 22 17:47 test5 -> /root/test/test3