CTAGS 基础
前言
长期的运维工作中难免会遇到需要查看脚本或工具源码的情况，这时单纯地使用文本编辑器来检索与跳转就很不方便了，如果有方法可以对代码进行索引就能很明显提升定位效率，减少垃圾时间，将注意力更多分配到有价值的事情上
ctags 正是用来应对此种需求的
ctags 可以在源码的基础上生成一份索引文件(标记体系)，然后提供给其它编辑器使用，以简单快速地定位这些被索引的对象和条目
ctags 目前可以支持多种语言，可以参考 programming languages ，也可以支持多种工具和编辑器，可以参考 Editors and Tools Supporting CTAGS
Tip: 当前最新版本为 Version 5.8 发布于 09 July 2009，http://ctags.sourceforge.net/ 可能需要翻墙才能访问
概要
环境
[root@h102 ~]# cat /etc/issue
CentOS release 6.6 (Final)
Kernel \r on an \m
[root@h102 ~]# uname -a
Linux h102.temp 2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Oct 15 04:27:16 UTC 2014 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@h102 ~]#安装
由于 ctags 太好用，正常情况下都集成到了各 Linux 发行版本的基础库中
如果没有安装，这里直接使用 yum 进行安装
[root@h102 ~]# yum install ctags
Loaded plugins: dellsysid, fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Setting up Install Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* epel: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
* extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package ctags.x86_64 0:5.8-2.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
======================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
======================================================================================================================================
Installing:
ctags x86_64 5.8-2.el6 base 147 k
Transaction Summary
======================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package(s)
Total download size: 147 k
Installed size: 339 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
ctags-5.8-2.el6.x86_64.rpm | 147 kB 00:00
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : ctags-5.8-2.el6.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : ctags-5.8-2.el6.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
ctags.x86_64 0:5.8-2.el6
Complete!
[root@h102 ~]#查看版本
[root@h102 ~]# ctags --version
Exuberant Ctags 5.8, Copyright (C) 1996-2009 Darren Hiebert
Compiled: Nov 11 2010, 03:54:52
Addresses: <dhiebert@users.sourceforge.net>, http://ctags.sourceforge.net
Optional compiled features: +wildcards, +regex
[root@h102 ~]# 支持的语言
[root@h102 ~]# ctags --list-languages
Ant
Asm
Asp
Awk
Basic
BETA
C
C++
C#
Cobol
DosBatch
Eiffel
Erlang
Flex
Fortran
HTML
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Make
MatLab
OCaml
Pascal
Perl
PHP
Python
REXX
Ruby
Scheme
Sh
SLang
SML
SQL
Tcl
Tex
Vera
Verilog
VHDL
Vim
YACC
[root@h102 ~]#文件后缀与语言的映射
[root@h102 ~]# ctags --list-maps
Ant *.build.xml
Asm *.asm *.ASM *.s *.S *.A51 *.29[kK] *.[68][68][kKsSxX] *.[xX][68][68]
Asp *.asp *.asa
Awk *.awk *.gawk *.mawk
Basic *.bas *.bi *.bb *.pb
BETA *.bet
C *.c
C++ *.c++ *.cc *.cp *.cpp *.cxx *.h *.h++ *.hh *.hp *.hpp *.hxx *.C *.H
C# *.cs
Cobol *.cbl *.cob *.CBL *.COB
DosBatch *.bat *.cmd
Eiffel *.e
Erlang *.erl *.ERL *.hrl *.HRL
Flex *.as *.mxml
Fortran *.f *.for *.ftn *.f77 *.f90 *.f95 *.F *.FOR *.FTN *.F77 *.F90 *.F95
HTML *.htm *.html
Java *.java
JavaScript *.js
Lisp *.cl *.clisp *.el *.l *.lisp *.lsp
Lua *.lua
Make *.mak *.mk [Mm]akefile GNUmakefile
MatLab *.m
OCaml *.ml *.mli
Pascal *.p *.pas
Perl *.pl *.pm *.plx *.perl
PHP *.php *.php3 *.phtml
Python *.py *.pyx *.pxd *.pxi *.scons
REXX *.cmd *.rexx *.rx
Ruby *.rb *.ruby
Scheme *.SCM *.SM *.sch *.scheme *.scm *.sm
Sh *.sh *.SH *.bsh *.bash *.ksh *.zsh
SLang *.sl
SML *.sml *.sig
SQL *.sql
Tcl *.tcl *.tk *.wish *.itcl
Tex *.tex
Vera *.vr *.vri *.vrh
Verilog *.v
VHDL *.vhdl *.vhd
Vim *.vim
YACC *.y
[root@h102 ~]#Tip: 不过这个映射可以使用
--langmap进行修改
如果不使用 −−language−force 进行语言指定，ctags 会根据默认的映射来解析带后缀的源文件，如果此源文件后缀没有包含在映射列表里，就会读取文件的第一行，包含 #! 的内容来判定语言
可识别的语法或对象
ctags --list-kinds 可以查看每种语言的哪些语法可以被识别
[root@h102 ~]# ctags --list-kinds
Ant
p projects
t targets
Asm
d defines
l labels
m macros
t types (structs and records)
Asp
d constants
c classes
f functions
s subroutines
v variables
Awk
f functions
Basic
c constants
f functions
l labels
t types
v variables
g enumerations
BETA
f fragment definitions
p all patterns [off]
s slots (fragment uses)
v patterns (virtual or rebound)
C
c classes
d macro definitions
e enumerators (values inside an enumeration)
f function definitions
g enumeration names
l local variables [off]
m class, struct, and union members
n namespaces
p function prototypes [off]
s structure names
t typedefs
u union names
v variable definitions
x external and forward variable declarations [off]
C++
c classes
d macro definitions
e enumerators (values inside an enumeration)
f function definitions
g enumeration names
l local variables [off]
m class, struct, and union members
n namespaces
p function prototypes [off]
s structure names
t typedefs
u union names
v variable definitions
x external and forward variable declarations [off]
C#
c classes
d macro definitions
e enumerators (values inside an enumeration)
E events
f fields
g enumeration names
i interfaces
l local variables [off]
m methods
n namespaces
p properties
s structure names
t typedefs
Cobol
d data items
f file descriptions (FD, SD, RD)
g group items
p paragraphs
P program ids
s sections
DosBatch
l labels
v variables
Eiffel
c classes
f features
l local entities [off]
Erlang
d macro definitions
f functions
m modules
r record definitions
Flex
f functions
c classes
m methods
p properties
v global variables
x mxtags
Fortran
b block data
c common blocks
e entry points
f functions
i interface contents, generic names, and operators [off]
k type and structure components
l labels
L local, common block, and namelist variables [off]
m modules
n namelists
p programs
s subroutines
t derived types and structures
v program (global) and module variables
HTML
a named anchors
f JavaScript functions
Java
c classes
e enum constants
f fields
g enum types
i interfaces
l local variables [off]
m methods
p packages
JavaScript
f functions
c classes
m methods
p properties
v global variables
Lisp
f functions
Lua
f functions
Make
m macros
MatLab
f function
f function
f function
OCaml
c classes
m Object's method
M Module or functor
v Global variable
t Type name
f A function
C A constructor
r A 'structure' field
e An exception
Pascal
f functions
p procedures
Perl
c constants
f formats
l labels
p packages
s subroutines
d subroutine declarations [off]
PHP
c classes
i interfaces
d constant definitions
f functions
v variables
v variables
j javascript functions
j javascript functions
j javascript functions
Python
c classes
f functions
m class members
v variables
i imports
REXX
s subroutines
Ruby
c classes
f methods
m modules
F singleton methods
Scheme
f functions
s sets
Sh
f functions
SLang
f functions
n namespaces
SML
e exception declarations
f function definitions
c functor definitions
s signature declarations
r structure declarations
t type definitions
v value bindings
SQL
c cursors
d prototypes [off]
f functions
F record fields
l local variables [off]
L block label
P packages
p procedures
r records [off]
s subtypes
t tables
T triggers
v variables
i indexes
e events
U publications
R services
D domains
V views
n synonyms
x MobiLink Table Scripts
y MobiLink Conn Scripts
Tcl
c classes
m methods
p procedures
Tex
c chapters
s sections
u subsections
b subsubsections
p parts
P paragraphs
G subparagraphs
Vera
c classes
d macro definitions
e enumerators (values inside an enumeration)
f function definitions
g enumeration names
l local variables [off]
m class, struct, and union members
p programs
P function prototypes [off]
t tasks
T typedefs
v variable definitions
x external variable declarations [off]
Verilog
c constants (define, parameter, specparam)
e events
f functions
m modules
n net data types
p ports
r register data types
t tasks
VHDL
c constant declarations
t type definitions
T subtype definitions
r record names
e entity declarations
C component declarations [off]
d prototypes [off]
f function prototypes and declarations
p procedure prototypes and declarations
P package definitions
l local definitions [off]
Vim
a autocommand groups
c user-defined commands
f function definitions
m maps
v variable definitions
YACC
l labels
[root@h102 ~]#本文系转载，前往查看
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