13. Linux 介绍与工具使用（九：开启电脑ssh服务）

北野茶缸子

发布于 2021-12-17 09:31:07

7710

发布于 2021-12-17 09:31:07

有的时候，可能需要通过远程命令ssh 来访问其他电脑或者服务器，但如果直接访问的话，可能会出现下面的情况：

$ ssh  mugpeng@192.168.130.128
ssh: connect to host 192.168.130.128 port 22: Connection refused

有以下几种可能：https://www.wbolt.com/how-to-fix-ssh-connection-refused.html

ubuntu/linux

开启ssh 服务

参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/jiarenanhao/p/9938280.html这里我们首先开启ssh 服务。

先检查一下SSH服务有没有开启。

查看一下：

sudo ps -e | grep ssh

返回结果中并没有：

需要安装ssh 服务：

# 更新ubuntu 下载源
sudo apt-get update

# 下载 openssh-server
sudo apt-get  install openssh-server

ps：这里有时候可能会出现缓存锁的报错，解决可以参见：https://www.yuque.com/mugpeng/linux/uwt2mc

安装完毕后，再次查看一下：

sudo ps -e | grep ssh
mugpeng@mugpeng-virtual-machine:~$ sudo ps -e | grep ssh
   1814 ?        00:00:00 ssh-agent
  32866 ?        00:00:00 ssh-agent
  73377 ?        00:00:00 sshd

出现sshd啦。

如果还是不放心，可以再次检查或者打开sshd：

mugpeng@mugpeng-virtual-machine:~$ sudo /etc/init.d/ssh start
Starting ssh (via systemctl): ssh.service.

显示是starting，说明服务成功运行了。

还有下面几个比较有用的命令：

sudo service ssh status 查看服务状态
sudo service ssh stop  关闭服务
sudo service ssh restart  重启服务

查看服务状态的命令也可以查看端口等其他信息：

$ sudo service ssh status | cat
● ssh.service - OpenBSD Secure Shell server
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/ssh.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Tue 2021-02-09 12:41:23 CST; 4min 35s ago
       Docs: man:sshd(8)
             man:sshd_config(5)
   Main PID: 73377 (sshd)
      Tasks: 1 (limit: 1074)
     Memory: 2.2M
     CGroup: /system.slice/ssh.service
             └─73377 sshd: /usr/sbin/sshd -D [listener] 0 of 10-100 startups

2月 09 12:41:23 mugpeng-virtual-machine systemd[1]: Starting OpenBSD Secure Shell server...
2月 09 12:41:23 mugpeng-virtual-machine sshd[73377]: Server listening on 0.0.0.0 port 22.
2月 09 12:41:23 mugpeng-virtual-machine sshd[73377]: Server listening on :: port 22.
2月 09 12:41:23 mugpeng-virtual-machine systemd[1]: Started OpenBSD Secure Shell server.

显示22 端口（默认端口）是开启的。

这时候直接搜索一下ubuntu 虚拟机的IP：

$ ifconfig | grep inet
        inet 192.168.130.128  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.130.255
        inet6 fe80::9f83:917c:bde1:77fa  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>

我们远程访问一下IP 192.168.130.128，端口为22（其实ssh默认下也就是22），用户为虚拟机用户mugpeng：

$ ssh mugpeng@192.168.130.128 -p 22
The authenticity of host '192.168.130.128 (192.168.130.128)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:uQKHuYrukuWxYAmR7owG6f+Xz7q2KD6a+lgxXbfLy6c.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.130.128' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
mugpeng@192.168.130.128's password: 
Welcome to Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS (GNU/Linux 5.8.0-41-generic x86_64)

 * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com
 * Management:     https://landscape.canonical.com
 * Support:        https://ubuntu.com/advantage


243 updates can be installed immediately.
24 of these updates are security updates.
To see these additional updates run: apt list --upgradable

Your Hardware Enablement Stack (HWE) is supported until April 2025.
*** 需要重启系统 ***

The programs included with the Ubuntu system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.

Ubuntu comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by
applicable law.

# 成功进去啦
mugpeng@mugpeng-virtual-machine:~$ ls
Desktop  Documents  Downloads  Music  Pictures  Public  snap  Templates  Videos
mugpeng@mugpeng-virtual-machine:~$

如果正巧机房内某个人没有修改用户的密码，我们就可以在别人电脑的命令行内恶作剧啦：

$ sudo shutdown now
[sudo] password for mugpeng: 
mugpeng@mugpeng-virtual-machine:~$ Connection to 192.168.130.128 closed by remote host.
Connection to 192.168.130.128 closed.

关机了您内。

MAC

mac 打开很简单。

直接在设置中打开允许访问的用户权限就可以了。

$ ssh appe@192.168.1.6 
The authenticity of host '192.168.1.6 (192.168.1.6)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:N4xtwHOpDn2sdsagOkxlG6e3/AY4Eb0U34TLtPZ6GccVQ.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.1.6' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
Password:
Last login: Tue Feb  9 12:20:17 2021

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原始发表：2021-10-18，如有侵权请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除

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