死磕算法系列文章
“Leetcode : https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/fan-zhuan-lian-biao-lcof
“GitHub : https://github.com/nateshao/leetcode/blob/main/algo-notes/src/main/java/com/nateshao/sword_offer/topic_18_reverseList/Solution.java
题目描述:定义一个函数,输入一个链表的头节点,反转该链表并输出反转后链表的头节点。
示例:
输入: 1->2->3->4->5->NULL
输出: 5->4->3->2->1->NULL
限制:0 <= 节点个数 <= 5000
解题思路:
如下图所示,题目要求将链表反转。有迭代(双指针)、递归两种实现方法。
考虑遍历链表,并在访问各节点时修改 next
引用指向,算法流程见注释。
pre
和 cur
使用常数大小额外空间。package com.nateshao.sword_offer.topic_18_reverseList;
/**
* @date Created by 邵桐杰 on 2021/11/22 19:41
* @微信公众号 程序员千羽
* @个人网站 www.nateshao.cn
* @博客 https://nateshao.gitee.io
* @GitHub https://github.com/nateshao
* @Gitee https://gitee.com/nateshao
* Description: 反转链表
* 思路:定义两个指针,反向输出
* https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/fan-zhuan-lian-biao-lcof
*/
public class Solution {
/**
* 解法一:迭代:两个指针,反向输出,时间复杂度:O(n),空间复杂度:O(1)
*
* @param head
* @return
*/
public ListNode reverseList(ListNode head)
ListNode pre = null;
ListNode cur = head;
while (cur != null) {
ListNode tmp = cur.next;
cur.next = pre;
pre = cur;
cur = tmp;
}
return pre;
}
/**
* 解法一:迭代2:两个指针
* 精选解答
*
* @param head
* @return
*/
public ListNode reverseList1(ListNode head) {
ListNode cur = head, pre = null;
while (cur != null) {
ListNode tmp = cur.next; // 暂存后继节点 cur.next
cur.next = pre; // 修改 next 引用指向
pre = cur; // pre 暂存 cur
cur = tmp; // cur 访问下一节点
}
return pre;
}
public class ListNode {
int val;
ListNode next;
ListNode(int x) {
val = x;
}
}
}
考虑使用递归法遍历链表,当越过尾节点后终止递归,在回溯时修改各节点的 next
引用指向。
recur(cur, pre)
递归函数:cur
为空,则返回尾节点 pre
(即反转链表的头节点);res
;cur
引用指向前驱节点 pre
;res
;reverseList(head)
函数:
调用并返回 recur(head, null)
。传入 null
是因为反转链表后, head
节点指向 null
;
复杂度分析:
package com.nateshao.sword_offer.topic_18_reverseList;
/**
* @date Created by 邵桐杰 on 2021/11/22 19:41
* @微信公众号 程序员千羽
* @个人网站 www.nateshao.cn
* @博客 https://nateshao.gitee.io
* @GitHub https://github.com/nateshao
* @Gitee https://gitee.com/nateshao
* Description: 反转链表
* 思路:定义两个指针,反向输出
* https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/fan-zhuan-lian-biao-lcof
* https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/fan-zhuan-lian-biao-lcof/solution/jian-zhi-offer-24-fan-zhuan-lian-biao-die-dai-di-2/
*/
public class Solution {
/**
* 递归:时间复杂度:O(n),空间复杂度:O(n)
*
* @param head
* @return
*/
public static ListNode reverseList3(ListNode head) {
if (head == null || head.next == null) {
return head;
}
ListNode newHead = reverseList3(head.next);
head.next.next = head;
head.next = null;
return newHead;
}
public ListNode reverseList4(ListNode head) {
ListNode cur = head, pre = null;
while (cur != null) {
ListNode tmp = cur.next; // 暂存后继节点 cur.next
cur.next = pre; // 修改 next 引用指向
pre = cur; // pre 暂存 cur
cur = tmp; // cur 访问下一节点
}
return pre;
}
public class ListNode {
int val;
ListNode next;
ListNode(int x) {
val = x;
}
}
}
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