有了Vagrant，以后就可以不用VirtualBox图形化管理虚拟机了

# 安装 Vagrant
sudo apt install ./vagrant_2.2.18_x86_64.deb
# 安装 VirtualBox
sudo apt install ./virtualbox-6.1_6.1.26-145957_Debian_buster_amd64.deb

# 创建 vagrant 项目路径
mkdir ~/my-vagrant-project
# 初始化 centos8虚拟机
vagrant init centos/8
# 启动虚拟机
vagrant up
# 停止虚拟机
vagrant halt
# 删除虚拟机
vagrant destroy

vagrant box add centos/7

pan@pan-PC:~$ vagrant box add centos/7
==> box: Loading metadata for box 'centos/7'
    box: URL: https://vagrantcloud.com/centos/7
This box can work with multiple providers! The providers that it
can work with are listed below. Please review the list and choose
the provider you will be working with.

1) hyperv
2) libvirt
3) virtualbox
4) vmware_desktop

Enter your choice:

vagrant box list

# 创建一个空项目目录
mkdir ~/test
# 进入项目目录
cd ~/test
# 使用centos/7初始化vagrant项目
vagrant init centos/7

vagrant up

# 默认使用vagrant用户连接到虚拟机
vagrant ssh

pan@pan-PC:~/Work/vagrant/centos$ vagrant ssh-config
Host default
  HostName 127.0.0.1
  User vagrant
  Port 2222
  UserKnownHostsFile /dev/null
  StrictHostKeyChecking no
  PasswordAuthentication no
  IdentityFile /home/pan/Work/vagrant/centos/.vagrant/machines/default/virtualbox/private_key
  IdentitiesOnly yes
  LogLevel FATAL

ssh vagrant@127.0.0.1 -p 2222 -i .vagrant/machines/default/virtualbox/private_key

vagrant status

vagrant halt

# 再次启动虚拟机
vagrant up
# 退出虚拟机
exit
# 暂停虚拟机
vagrant suspend
# 继续运行虚拟机
vagrant resume

vagrant destory

config.vm.synced_folder "../data", "/vagrant_data", create: true, owner: "root", group: "root"

config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"

pan@pan-PC:~/Work/vagrant/ubuntu$ vagrant reload
==> default: Attempting graceful shutdown of VM...
==> default: Checking if box 'ubuntu/xenial64' version '20210804.0.0' is up to date...
==> default: Clearing any previously set forwarded ports...
==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==> default: Available bridged network interfaces:
1) enp3s0
2) docker0
3) vethc80d1c8
4) vethca1c3e4
5) veth3992844
6) veth2014eaa
7) vethd2642b2
8) veth2b5b670
9) veth21318b5
==> default: When choosing an interface, it is usually the one that is
==> default: being used to connect to the internet.
==> default: 
    default: Which interface should the network bridge to?

sudo rm -rf /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules

vagrant package

# 将导入的box命名为 jkdev/ubuntu
vagrant box add jkdev/ubuntu package.box

# 创建目录
mkdir project
# 初始化Vagrantfile
vagrant init ubuntu/xenial64

# 定义名为development的虚拟机，并启用该虚拟机
config.vm.define "development" do |development|
end

# 定义名为production的虚拟机，并启用该虚拟机
config.vm.define "production" do |production|
end

pan@pan-PC:~/Work/vagrant/test$ vagrant status
Current machine states:

development               running (virtualbox)
production                running (virtualbox)

This environment represents multiple VMs. The VMs are all listed
above with their current state. For more information about a specific
VM, run `vagrant status NAME`.
pan@pan-PC:~/Work/vagrant/test$

vagrant ssh production

config.vm.define "development" do |development|
  development.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.11"
end

config.vm.define "production" do |production|
  production.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.12" 
end

config.vm.define "development" do |development|
  development.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.11"
  development.vm.hostname = "dev"
end

config.vm.define "production" do |production|
  production.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.12" 
  production.vm.hostname = "pro"
end

config.vm.define "development" do |development|
  development.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.11"
  development.vm.hostname = "dev"
  # 将dev 目录挂载到/vagrant_dev目录
  development.vm.synced_folder "dev", "/vagrant_dev"
end

config.vm.define "production" do |production|
  production.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.12" 
  production.vm.hostname = "pro"
  # 将pro 目录挂载到/vagrant_pro目录
  production.vm.synced_folder "pro", "/vagrant_pro"
end

config.vm.define "development" do |development|
  development.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.11"
  development.vm.hostname = "dev"
  # 将dev 目录挂载到/vagrant_dev目录
  development.vm.synced_folder "dev", "/vagrant_dev"
  # 指定核心数和内存
  config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |v|
    v.memory = 1024
    v.cpus = 2
  end
end

config.vm.define "production" do |production|
  production.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.12" 
  production.vm.hostname = "pro"
  # 将pro 目录挂载到/vagrant_pro目录
  production.vm.synced_folder "pro", "/vagrant_pro"
  # 指定核心数和内存
  config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |v|
    v.memory = 1024
    v.cpus = 2
  end
end