Python + Excel | 可视化疫苗接种随时间变化情况

df = pd.read_excel("到20220129.xlsx")
df
# x轴：时间顺序    y轴：疫苗接种数目(万剂次)
x_data = [i for i in range(1, len(df) + 1)]
y_data = [i for i in df["疫苗接种数目(万剂次)"]][::-1]
# 用5次多项式拟合  调用poly1d方法得到多项式系数
y_fit = polyfit(x_data, y_data, 5)
print('y_fit:', y_fit)

y_fit_1d = np.poly1d(y_fit)
print('y_fit_1d:\n', y_fit_1d)

y_hat = np.polyval(y_fit, x_data)
# This function is also OK: y_hat = y_fit_1d(x)
print('y_hat:', y_hat)

# 计算相关系数和R方
print('Correlation coefficients：')
print(np.corrcoef(y_hat, y_data))
correlation = np.corrcoef(y_hat, y_data)[0, 1]
R_squre = correlation ** 2
print("R_squre：", R_squre)

formula = r'$\mathcal{R}^2 = ' + '%.6f$' % R_squre
xtick = np.linspace(min(x_data), max(x_data), 1000)
# matplotlib其实是不支持显示中文的 显示中文需要一行代码设置字体
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['Microsoft JhengHei']	# 显示中文
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False		# 显示负号


fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(6, 4), dpi=500)

# 折线图
plt.scatter(x_data, y_data, 
            color="b")
# 拟合的多项式曲线
plt.plot(xtick, y_fit_1d(xtick), "r-",
         lw=2, label=formula)

# x y 轴标签   标题   字体设置
plt.xlabel("时间顺序", 
           fontdict={"size": 14, "weight": "bold", "color": "black"})
plt.ylabel("疫苗接种数目(万剂次)",
           fontdict={"size": 14, "weight": "bold", "color": "black"}
          )

# 设置坐标轴刻度标签的大小
plt.tick_params(axis='x', direction='out',
               labelsize=12, length=3.6)
plt.tick_params(axis='y', direction='out',
               labelsize=12, length=3.6)
print("：".join(["CSDN叶庭云", "https://yetingyun.blog.csdn.net/"]))
# 设置刻度值范围
ax.set_ylim(bottom=0, top=350000.0000001)
ax.set_yticks(np.arange(0, 350000.0000001, step=50000))
# 刻度数值用Times New Roman字体
labels = ax.get_xticklabels() + ax.get_yticklabels()
[label.set_fontname('Times New Roman') for label in labels]
[label.set_color('black') for label in labels]
plt.grid(alpha=0.36, ls=":")
# 图例和网格的透明度设置
plt.legend(fontsize=14, frameon=False)

# 保存图片  展示show
plt.savefig("疫苗接种随时间变化情况可视化", dpi=500)
plt.show()

"""
@Author   ：叶庭云
@CSDN     ：https://yetingyun.blog.csdn.net/
"""