工作中遇到了多组户的需求,因为以前并没有接触过,所以多番查找资料,最后总算做出来了,再此做个总结,记录一下以便日后复习也可以帮助用得着的朋友。
实现多租户大体可以分为三种方案:
1、独立数据库,通过动态切换数据源来实现多租户,安全性最高,但成本也高。
2、共享数据库,隔离数据架构,比如使用oracle用多个schema。
3、共享数据库,共享数据库表,使用字段来区分不同租户,此方案成本最低,但同时安全性最低。
详细介绍可以点这里参考这篇文章。
本项目因为对数据安全性要求较高,所以选择的第一种独立数据库切换动态数据源的方案。
首先了解下 AbstractRoutingDataSource,看名字是一个数据源的路由,也就是由它来确定数据源,咱们先看一下源码
public abstract class AbstractRoutingDataSource extends AbstractDataSource implements InitializingBean {
@Nullable
private Map<Object, Object> targetDataSources;
@Nullable
private Object defaultTargetDataSource;
private boolean lenientFallback = true;
private DataSourceLookup dataSourceLookup = new JndiDataSourceLookup();
@Nullable
private Map<Object, DataSource> resolvedDataSources;
@Nullable
private DataSource resolvedDefaultDataSource;
public void setTargetDataSources(Map<Object, Object> targetDataSources) {
this.targetDataSources = targetDataSources;
}
public void setDefaultTargetDataSource(Object defaultTargetDataSource) {
this.defaultTargetDataSource = defaultTargetDataSource;
}
public void setLenientFallback(boolean lenientFallback) {
this.lenientFallback = lenientFallback;
}
public void setDataSourceLookup(@Nullable DataSourceLookup dataSourceLookup) {
this.dataSourceLookup = (dataSourceLookup != null ? dataSourceLookup : new JndiDataSourceLookup());
}
@Override
public void afterPropertiesSet() {
if (this.targetDataSources == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Property 'targetDataSources' is required");
}
this.resolvedDataSources = new HashMap<>(this.targetDataSources.size());
this.targetDataSources.forEach((key, value) -> {
Object lookupKey = resolveSpecifiedLookupKey(key);
DataSource dataSource = resolveSpecifiedDataSource(value);
this.resolvedDataSources.put(lookupKey, dataSource);
});
if (this.defaultTargetDataSource != null) {
this.resolvedDefaultDataSource = resolveSpecifiedDataSource(this.defaultTargetDataSource);
}
}
protected Object resolveSpecifiedLookupKey(Object lookupKey) {
return lookupKey;
}
protected DataSource resolveSpecifiedDataSource(Object dataSource) throws IllegalArgumentException {
if (dataSource instanceof DataSource) {
return (DataSource) dataSource;
}
else if (dataSource instanceof String) {
return this.dataSourceLookup.getDataSource((String) dataSource);
}
else {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"Illegal data source value - only [javax.sql.DataSource] and String supported: " + dataSource);
}
}
@Override
public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
return determineTargetDataSource().getConnection();
}
@Override
public Connection getConnection(String username, String password) throws SQLException {
return determineTargetDataSource().getConnection(username, password);
}
@Override
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public <T> T unwrap(Class<T> iface) throws SQLException {
if (iface.isInstance(this)) {
return (T) this;
}
return determineTargetDataSource().unwrap(iface);
}
@Override
public boolean isWrapperFor(Class<?> iface) throws SQLException {
return (iface.isInstance(this) || determineTargetDataSource().isWrapperFor(iface));
}
protected DataSource determineTargetDataSource() {
Assert.notNull(this.resolvedDataSources, "DataSource router not initialized");
Object lookupKey = determineCurrentLookupKey();
DataSource dataSource = this.resolvedDataSources.get(lookupKey);
if (dataSource == null && (this.lenientFallback || lookupKey == null)) {
dataSource = this.resolvedDefaultDataSource;
}
if (dataSource == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot determine target DataSource for lookup key [" + lookupKey + "]");
}
return dataSource;
}
@Nullable
protected abstract Object determineCurrentLookupKey();
}
可以看到里面维护了一个 targetDataSources 和 defaultTargetDataSource,初始化时将数据源分别进行复制到resolvedDataSources和resolvedDefaultDataSource中,代码如下
@Override
public void afterPropertiesSet() {
if (this.targetDataSources == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Property 'targetDataSources' is required");
}
this.resolvedDataSources = new HashMap<>(this.targetDataSources.size());
this.targetDataSources.forEach((key, value) -> {
Object lookupKey = resolveSpecifiedLookupKey(key);
DataSource dataSource = resolveSpecifiedDataSource(value);
this.resolvedDataSources.put(lookupKey, dataSource);
});
if (this.defaultTargetDataSource != null) {
this.resolvedDefaultDataSource = resolveSpecifiedDataSource(this.defaultTargetDataSource);
}
}
调用此方法获取连接的时候,如下代码determineTargetDataSource().getConnection(),先调用determineTargetDataSource()方法返回当前的DataSource,然后再调用getConnection()。
此方法的就是根据lookupkey获取map中的dataSource,而lookupkey是从determineCurrentLookupKey方法返回的,如下:
protected DataSource determineTargetDataSource() {
Assert.notNull(this.resolvedDataSources, "DataSource router not initialized");
Object lookupKey = determineCurrentLookupKey();
DataSource dataSource = this.resolvedDataSources.get(lookupKey);
if (dataSource == null && (this.lenientFallback || lookupKey == null)) {
dataSource = this.resolvedDefaultDataSource;
}
if (dataSource == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot determine target DataSource for lookup key [" + lookupKey + "]");
}
return dataSource;
}
此方法要我们自己实现,是切换数据源的方法,通过自己的实现返回lookupKey,根据lookupKey获取对应数据源达到切换动态切换的功能。
自定义DynamicDataSource继承 AbstractRoutingDataSource,由上得知,我们先要有个方法能设置 targetDataSources,然后要重写determineCurrentLookupKey方法,来实现动态切换,代码如下:
/**
* (切换数据源必须在调用service之前进行,也就是开启事务之前)
* 动态数据源实现类
* @author Louis
* @date Oct 31, 2018
*/
public class DynamicDataSource extends AbstractRoutingDataSource {
/**
* 如果不希望数据源在启动配置时就加载好,可以定制这个方法,从任何你希望的地方读取并返回数据源
* 比如从数据库、文件、外部接口等读取数据源信息,并最终返回一个DataSource实现类对象即可
*/
@Override
protected DataSource determineTargetDataSource() {
return super.determineTargetDataSource();
}
/**
* 如果希望所有数据源在启动配置时就加载好,这里通过设置数据源Key值来切换数据,定制这个方法
*/
@Override
protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() {
return DynamicDataSourceContextHolder.getDataSourceKey();
}
/**
* 设置默认数据源
* @param defaultDataSource
*/
public void setDefaultDataSource(Object defaultDataSource) {
super.setDefaultTargetDataSource(defaultDataSource);
}
/**
* 设置数据源
* @param dataSources
*/
public void setDataSources(Map<Object, Object> dataSources) {
super.setTargetDataSources(dataSources);
// 将数据源的 key 放到数据源上下文的 key 集合中,用于切换时判断数据源是否有效
DynamicDataSourceContextHolder.addDataSourceKeys(dataSources.keySet());
}
}
为了线程安全,我们要把lookupKey放入ThreadLocal里面,因此我们写了一个DynamicDataSourceContextHolder来切换数据源,就是改变当前线程保存的lookupKey,上面DynamicDataSource.determineCurrentLookupKey从当前线程取出即可,代码如下:
/**
* (切换数据源必须在调用service之前进行,也就是开启事务之前)
* 动态数据源上下文
* @author guomh
* @date 2019/11/06
*/
public class DynamicDataSourceContextHolder {
private static final ThreadLocal<String> contextHolder = new ThreadLocal<String>() {
/**
* 将 master 数据源的 key作为默认数据源的 key
*/
@Override
protected String initialValue() {
return "master";
}
};
/**
* 数据源的 key集合,用于切换时判断数据源是否存在
*/
public static List<Object> dataSourceKeys = new ArrayList<>();
/**
* 切换数据源
* @param key
*/
public static void setDataSourceKey(String key) {
contextHolder.set(key);
}
/**
* 获取数据源
* @return
*/
public static String getDataSourceKey() {
return contextHolder.get();
}
/**
* 重置数据源
*/
public static void clearDataSourceKey() {
contextHolder.remove();
}
/**
* 判断是否包含数据源
* @param key 数据源key
* @return
*/
public static boolean containDataSourceKey(String key) {
return dataSourceKeys.contains(key);
}
/**
* 添加数据源keys
* @param keys
* @return
*/
public static boolean addDataSourceKeys(Collection<? extends Object> keys) {
return dataSourceKeys.addAll(keys);
}
}
以上配置好了,就差配置数据源了,为了便于维护数据源,我们可以有一个主数据源,里面建一张表来维护租户的数据源,这表可以根据自己需求建立,粘一下我的表结构
CREATE TABLE `tenant_info` (
`id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`TENANT_ID` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '租户id',
`TENANT_NAME` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '租户名称',
`DATASOURCE_URL` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '数据源url',
`DATASOURCE_USERNAME` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '数据源用户名',
`DATASOURCE_PASSWORD` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '数据源密码',
`DATASOURCE_DRIVER` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '数据源驱动',
`SYSTEM_ACCOUNT` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '系统账号',
`SYSTEM_PASSWORD` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '账号密码',
`SYSTEM_PROJECT` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '系统PROJECT',
`STATUS` tinyint(1) NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '是否启用(1是0否)',
`CREATE_TIME` datetime(0) NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '创建时间',
`UPDATE_TIME` datetime(0) NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '更新时间',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 4 CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;
看下mybatis的配置如下
/**
* @Author: guomh
* @Date: 2019/11/06
* @Description: mybatis配置*
*/
@EnableTransactionManagement
@Configuration
@MapperScan({"com.sino.teamwork.base.dao","com.sino.teamwork.*.*.mapper"})
public class MybatisPlusConfig {
@Bean("master")
@Primary
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource")
public DataSource master() {
return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();
}
@Bean("dynamicDataSource")
public DataSource dynamicDataSource() {
DynamicDataSource dynamicDataSource = new DynamicDataSource();
Map<Object, Object> dataSourceMap = new HashMap<>();
dataSourceMap.put("master", master());
// 将 master 数据源作为默认指定的数据源
dynamicDataSource.setDefaultDataSource(master());
// 将 master 和 slave 数据源作为指定的数据源
dynamicDataSource.setDataSources(dataSourceMap);
return dynamicDataSource;
}
@Bean
public MybatisSqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactoryBean() throws Exception {
MybatisSqlSessionFactoryBean sessionFactory = new MybatisSqlSessionFactoryBean();
/**
* 重点,使分页插件生效
*/
Interceptor[] plugins = new Interceptor[1];
plugins[0] = paginationInterceptor();
sessionFactory.setPlugins(plugins);
//配置数据源,此处配置为关键配置,如果没有将 dynamicDataSource作为数据源则不能实现切换
sessionFactory.setDataSource(dynamicDataSource());
sessionFactory.setTypeAliasesPackage("com.sino.teamwork.*.*.entity,com.sino.teamwork.base.model"); // 扫描Model
PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver resolver = new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver();
sessionFactory.setMapperLocations(resolver.getResources("classpath*:mapper/*/*Mapper.xml")); // 扫描映射文件
return sessionFactory;
}
@Bean
public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager() {
// 配置事务管理, 使用事务时在方法头部添加@Transactional注解即可
return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dynamicDataSource());
}
/**
* 加载分页插件
* @return
*/
@Bean
public PaginationInterceptor paginationInterceptor() {
PaginationInterceptor paginationInterceptor = new PaginationInterceptor();
List<ISqlParser> sqlParserList = new ArrayList<>();
// 攻击 SQL 阻断解析器、加入解析链
sqlParserList.add(new BlockAttackSqlParser());
paginationInterceptor.setSqlParserList(sqlParserList);
return paginationInterceptor;
}
}
可以看到有如下配置:
/**
* 重点,使分页插件生效
*/
Interceptor[] plugins = new Interceptor[1];
plugins[0] = paginationInterceptor();
sessionFactory.setPlugins(plugins);
还有一点要配置的,就是去掉springboot默认自动配置数据源
@SpringBootApplication(exclude = DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class})
@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true,securedEnabled = true)
@EnableScheduling
@SpringBootApplication(exclude = DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class})
public class TeamworkApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(TeamworkApplication.class, args);
}
}
我们写一个类来初始化加载所有租户的数据源,代码也很简单,就是查询主数据源的数据库,查出所有租户的数据源信息,添加到动态数据源中(此处也可以加上把动态数据源交托spring管理)
/**
* 初始化动态数据源
* @author guomh
* @date 2019/11/06
*/
@Slf4j
@Configuration
public class DynamicDataSourceInit {
@Autowired
private ITenantInfoService tenantInfoService;
@PostConstruct
public void InitDataSource() {
log.info("=====初始化动态数据源=====");
DynamicDataSource dynamicDataSource = (DynamicDataSource)ApplicationContextProvider.getBean("dynamicDataSource");
HikariDataSource master = (HikariDataSource)ApplicationContextProvider.getBean("master");
Map<Object, Object> dataSourceMap = new HashMap<>();
dataSourceMap.put("master", master);
List<TenantInfo> tenantList = tenantInfoService.InitTenantInfo();
for (TenantInfo tenantInfo : tenantList) {
log.info(tenantInfo.toString());
HikariDataSource dataSource = new HikariDataSource();
dataSource.setDriverClassName(tenantInfo.getDatasourceDriver());
dataSource.setJdbcUrl(tenantInfo.getDatasourceUrl());
dataSource.setUsername(tenantInfo.getDatasourceUsername());
dataSource.setPassword(tenantInfo.getDatasourcePassword());
dataSource.setDataSourceProperties(master.getDataSourceProperties());
dataSourceMap.put(tenantInfo.getTenantId(), dataSource);
}
//设置数据源
dynamicDataSource.setDataSources(dataSourceMap);
/**
* 必须执行此操作,才会重新初始化AbstractRoutingDataSource 中的 resolvedDataSources,也只有这样,动态切换才会起效
*/
dynamicDataSource.afterPropertiesSet();
}
}
我们可以使用面向切面编程,自动切换数据源,我是在用户登录时,将用户的租户信息放入session,租户的ID就对应数据源的lookupKey
@Slf4j
@Aspect
@Component
@Order(1) // 请注意:这里order一定要小于tx:annotation-driven的order,即先执行DynamicDataSourceAspectAdvice切面,再执行事务切面,才能获取到最终的数据源
@EnableAspectJAutoProxy(proxyTargetClass = true)
public class DynamicDataSourceAspect {
@Around("execution(* com.sino.teamwork.core.*.controller.*.*(..)) "
+ "or execution(* com.sino.teamwork.base.action.*.*(..))")
public Object doAround(ProceedingJoinPoint jp) throws Throwable {
ServletRequestAttributes sra = (ServletRequestAttributes) RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();
HttpSession session= sra.getRequest().getSession(true);
String tenantId = (String)session.getAttribute("tenantId");
log.info("当前租户Id:{}", tenantId);
DynamicDataSourceContextHolder.setDataSourceKey(tenantId);
Object result = jp.proceed();
DynamicDataSourceContextHolder.clearDataSourceKey();
return result;
}
}
以上
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