☆打卡算法☆LeetCode 65、有效数字 算法解析

示例 1：
输入： s = "0"
输出： true

示例 2：
输入： s = "e"
输出： false

public class Solution {
    public bool IsNumber(string s) {
        Dictionary<State, Dictionary<CharType, State>> transfer = new Dictionary<State, Dictionary<CharType, State>>();
        Dictionary<CharType, State> initialDictionary = new Dictionary<CharType, State> {
            {CharType.CHAR_NUMBER, State.STATE_INTEGER},
            {CharType.CHAR_POINT, State.STATE_POINT_WITHOUT_INT},
            {CharType.CHAR_SIGN, State.STATE_INT_SIGN}
        };
        transfer.Add(State.STATE_INITIAL, initialDictionary);
        Dictionary<CharType, State> intSignDictionary = new Dictionary<CharType, State> {
            {CharType.CHAR_NUMBER, State.STATE_INTEGER},
            {CharType.CHAR_POINT, State.STATE_POINT_WITHOUT_INT}
        };
        transfer.Add(State.STATE_INT_SIGN, intSignDictionary);
        Dictionary<CharType, State> integerDictionary = new Dictionary<CharType, State> {
            {CharType.CHAR_NUMBER, State.STATE_INTEGER},
            {CharType.CHAR_EXP, State.STATE_EXP},
            {CharType.CHAR_POINT, State.STATE_POINT}
        };
        transfer.Add(State.STATE_INTEGER, integerDictionary);
        Dictionary<CharType, State> pointDictionary = new Dictionary<CharType, State> {
            {CharType.CHAR_NUMBER, State.STATE_FRACTION},
            {CharType.CHAR_EXP, State.STATE_EXP}
        };
        transfer.Add(State.STATE_POINT, pointDictionary);
        Dictionary<CharType, State> pointWithoutIntDictionary = new Dictionary<CharType, State> {
            {CharType.CHAR_NUMBER, State.STATE_FRACTION}
        };
        transfer.Add(State.STATE_POINT_WITHOUT_INT, pointWithoutIntDictionary);
        Dictionary<CharType, State> fractionDictionary = new Dictionary<CharType, State> {
            {CharType.CHAR_NUMBER, State.STATE_FRACTION},
            {CharType.CHAR_EXP, State.STATE_EXP}
        };
        transfer.Add(State.STATE_FRACTION, fractionDictionary);
        Dictionary<CharType, State> expDictionary = new Dictionary<CharType, State> {
            {CharType.CHAR_NUMBER, State.STATE_EXP_NUMBER},
            {CharType.CHAR_SIGN, State.STATE_EXP_SIGN}
        };
        transfer.Add(State.STATE_EXP, expDictionary);
        Dictionary<CharType, State> expSignDictionary = new Dictionary<CharType, State> {
            {CharType.CHAR_NUMBER, State.STATE_EXP_NUMBER}
        };
        transfer.Add(State.STATE_EXP_SIGN, expSignDictionary);
        Dictionary<CharType, State> expNumberDictionary = new Dictionary<CharType, State> {
            {CharType.CHAR_NUMBER, State.STATE_EXP_NUMBER}
        };
        transfer.Add(State.STATE_EXP_NUMBER, expNumberDictionary);

        int length = s.Length;
        State state = State.STATE_INITIAL;

        for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
            CharType type = ToCharType(s[i]);
            if (!transfer[state].ContainsKey(type)) {
                return false;
            } else {
                state = transfer[state][type];
            }
        }
        return state == State.STATE_INTEGER || state == State.STATE_POINT || state == State.STATE_FRACTION || state == State.STATE_EXP_NUMBER || state == State.STATE_END;
    }

    CharType ToCharType(char ch) {
        if (ch >= '0' &amp;&amp; ch <= '9') {
            return CharType.CHAR_NUMBER;
        } else if (ch == 'e' || ch == 'E') {
            return CharType.CHAR_EXP;
        } else if (ch == '.') {
            return CharType.CHAR_POINT;
        } else if (ch == '+' || ch == '-') {
            return CharType.CHAR_SIGN;
        } else {
            return CharType.CHAR_ILLEGAL;
        }
    }

    enum State {
        STATE_INITIAL,
        STATE_INT_SIGN,
        STATE_INTEGER,
        STATE_POINT,
        STATE_POINT_WITHOUT_INT,
        STATE_FRACTION,
        STATE_EXP,
        STATE_EXP_SIGN,
        STATE_EXP_NUMBER,
        STATE_END
    }

    enum CharType {
        CHAR_NUMBER,
        CHAR_EXP,
        CHAR_POINT,
        CHAR_SIGN,
        CHAR_ILLEGAL
    }
}

class Solution {
public:
    static const regex pattern;

    bool isNumber(string str) {
        return regex_match(str, pattern);
    }
};

const regex Solution::pattern("[+-]?(?:\d+\.?\d*|\.\d+)(?:[Ee][+-]?\d+)?");