实现Promise的原型方法--前端面试能力提升

原创

helloworld1024

发布于 2022-09-30 12:25:41

6510

发布于 2022-09-30 12:25:41

文章被收录于专栏：前端技术分享小合集

说起Promise大家应该都耳熟能详，我们今天来看下Promise的相关方法

有如下：

原型方法：then、catch、finally

静态方法：resolve、reject、race、all、allSettled、any

手写实现方法如下：

实现resolve方法

promise.resolve('123')实质上就是
new Promise(resolve=>
resolve('123')
})

Promise.resolve(value) 将给定的一个值转为Promise对象。

如果这个值是一个 promise ，那么将返回这个 promise ；
如果这个值是thenable（即带有"then" 方法），返回的promise会“跟随”这个thenable的对象，采用它的最终状态；
否则返回的promise将以此值完成，即以此值执行resolve()方法 (状态为fulfilled)。

 class MyPromise {
        static PENDING = 'pending'
        static FULFILLED = 'fulfilled'
        static REJECTED = 'rejected'
        constructor(executor) {
          this.PromiseState = MyPromise.PENDING
          this.PromiseResult = null
          this.fulfilledCallBacks = []
          this.rejectedCallBacks = []
          try {
            executor(this.resolve.bind(this), this.reject.bind(this))
          } catch (error) {
            this.reject(error)
          }
        }
        resolve(result) {
          if ((this.PromiseState = MyPromise.PENDING)) {
            setTimeout(() => {
              this.PromiseState = MyPromise.FULFILLED
              this.PromiseResult = result
              for (const callBack of this.fulfilledCallBacks) {
                callBack(result)
              }
            })
          }
        }
        reject(reason) {
          if ((this.PromiseState = MyPromise.PENDING)) {
            setTimeout(() => {
              this.PromiseState = MyPromise.REJECTED
              this.PromiseResult = reason
              for (const callBack of this.rejectedCallBacks) {
                callBack(reason)
              }
            })
          }
        }
        then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
          onFulfilled =
            typeof onFulfilled === 'function' ? onFulfilled : (val) => val
          onRejected =
            typeof onRejected === 'function'
              ? onRejected
              : (err) => {
                  throw err
                }
          return new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
            if (this.PromiseState === MyPromise.PENDING) {
              this.fulfilledCallBacks.push(() => {
                setTimeout(() => {
                  let x = onFulfilled(this.PromiseResult)
                  x instanceof MyPromise ? x.then(resolve, reject) : resolve(x)
                })
              })
              this.rejectedCallBacks.push(() => {
                setTimeout(() => {
                  let x = onRejected(this.PromiseResult)
                  x instanceof MyPromise ? x.then(resolve, reject) : reject(x)
                })
              })
            } else if (this.PromiseState === MyPromise.FULFILLED) {
              try {
                setTimeout(() => {
                  let x = onFulfilled(this.PromiseResult)
                  x instanceof MyPromise ? x.then(resolve, reject) : resolve(x)
                })
              } catch (error) {
                reject(error)
              }
            } else {
              try {
                setTimeout(() => {
                  let x = onRejected(this.PromiseResult)
                  x instanceof MyPromise ? x.then(resolve, reject) : reject(x)
                })
              } catch (error) {
                reject(error)
              }
            }
          })
        }
        //value 要解析为 Promise 对象的值
        static resolve(value) {
          //如果是
          if (value instanceof MyPromise) {
            return value
          } else if (value && typeof value === 'object' && 'then' in value) {
            return new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
              value.then(resolve, reject)
            })
          }
          return new MyPromise((resolve) => {
            resolve(value)
          })
        }
      }
      const promise1 = MyPromise.resolve(123)

      promise1.then((value) => {
        console.log(value)
        // expected output: 123
      })

      // Resolve一个thenable对象
      var p1 = MyPromise.resolve({
        then: function (onFulfill) {
          onFulfill('Resolving')
        },
      })
      console.log(p1 instanceof MyPromise) // true, 这是一个Promise对象

      setTimeout(() => {
        console.log('p1 :>> ', p1)
      }, 1000)

      p1.then(
        function (v) {
          console.log(v) // 输出"Resolving!"
        },
        function (e) {
          // 不会被调用
        }
      )

      // Thenable在callback之前抛出异常
      // MyPromise rejects
      var thenable = {
        then: function (resolve) {
          throw new TypeError('Throwing')
          resolve('Resolving')
        },
      }

      var p2 = MyPromise.resolve(thenable)
      p2.then(
        function (v) {
          // 不会被调用
        },
        function (e) {
          console.log(e) // TypeError: Throwing
        }
      )

实现reject方法

const p=Promise.reject('error')

相当于下方函数:

const p=new Promise(reject=>{

reject('11111')

})

Promise.reject()方法返回一个带有拒绝原因的Promise对象。

 class MyPromise {
        static PENDING = 'pending'
        static FULFILLED = 'fulfilled'
        static REJECTED = 'rejected'
        constructor(executor) {
          this.PromiseState = MyPromise.PENDING
          this.PromiseResult = null
          this.fulfilledCallBacks = []
          this.rejectedCallBacks = []
          try {
            executor(this.resolve.bind(this), this.reject.bind(this))
          } catch (error) {
            this.reject(error)
          }
        }
        resolve(result) {
          if ((this.PromiseState = MyPromise.PENDING)) {
            setTimeout(() => {
              this.PromiseState = MyPromise.FULFILLED
              this.PromiseResult = result
              for (const callBack of this.fulfilledCallBacks) {
                callBack(result)
              }
            })
          }
        }
        reject(reason) {
          if ((this.PromiseState = MyPromise.PENDING)) {
            setTimeout(() => {
              this.PromiseState = MyPromise.REJECTED
              this.PromiseResult = reason
              for (const callBack of this.rejectedCallBacks) {
                callBack(reason)
              }
            })
          }
        }
        then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
          onFulfilled =
            typeof onFulfilled === 'function' ? onFulfilled : (val) => val
          onRejected =
            typeof onRejected === 'function'
              ? onRejected
              : (err) => {
                  throw err
                }
          return new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
            if (this.PromiseState === MyPromise.PENDING) {
              this.fulfilledCallBacks.push(() => {
                setTimeout(() => {
                  let x = onFulfilled(this.PromiseResult)
                  x instanceof MyPromise ? x.then(resolve, reject) : resolve(x)
                })
              })
              this.rejectedCallBacks.push(() => {
                setTimeout(() => {
                  let x = onRejected(this.PromiseResult)
                  x instanceof MyPromise ? x.then(resolve, reject) : reject(x)
                })
              })
            } else if (this.PromiseState === MyPromise.FULFILLED) {
              try {
                setTimeout(() => {
                  let x = onFulfilled(this.PromiseResult)
                  x instanceof MyPromise ? x.then(resolve, reject) : resolve(x)
                })
              } catch (error) {
                reject(error)
              }
            } else {
              try {
                setTimeout(() => {
                  let x = onRejected(this.PromiseResult)
                  x instanceof MyPromise ? x.then(resolve, reject) : reject(x)
                })
              } catch (error) {
                reject(error)
              }
            }
          })
        }
        //error 要解析为 Promise reject的值
        static reject(error) {
          return new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
            reject(error)
          })
        }
      }
      MyPromise.reject(new Error('fail')).then(
        function () {
          // not called
        },
        function (error) {
          console.error(error) // Error: fail
        }
      )

实现Promise.prototype.catch方法

catch() 方法返回一个Promise，并且处理拒绝的情况，用于指定发生错误时的回调函数。

它的行为与调用Promise.prototype.then(undefined, onRejected) 相同。

class MyPromise {
    static PENDING = 'pending'
    static FULFILLED = 'fulfilled'
    static REJECTED = 'rejected'
    constructor(executor) {
        this.PromiseState = MyPromise.PENDING
        this.PromiseResult = null
        this.fulfilledCallBacks = []
        this.rejectedCallBacks = []
        try {
            executor(this.resolve.bind(this), this.reject.bind(this))
        } catch (error) {
            this.reject(error)
        }
    }
    resolve(result) {
        if ((this.PromiseState = MyPromise.PENDING)) {
            setTimeout(() => {
                this.PromiseState = MyPromise.FULFILLED
                this.PromiseResult = result
                for (const callBack of this.fulfilledCallBacks) {
                    callBack(result)
                }
            })
        }
    }
    reject(reason) {
        if ((this.PromiseState = MyPromise.PENDING)) {
            setTimeout(() => {
                this.PromiseState = MyPromise.REJECTED
                this.PromiseResult = reason
                for (const callBack of this.rejectedCallBacks) {
                    callBack(reason)
                }
            })
        }
    }
    then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
        onFulfilled =
            typeof onFulfilled === 'function' ? onFulfilled : (val) => val
        onRejected =
            typeof onRejected === 'function'
            ? onRejected
            : (err) => {
                throw err
            }
        return new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
            if (this.PromiseState === MyPromise.PENDING) {
                this.fulfilledCallBacks.push(() => {
                    setTimeout(() => {
                        let x = onFulfilled(this.PromiseResult)
                        x instanceof MyPromise ? x.then(resolve, reject) : resolve(x)
                    })
                })
                this.rejectedCallBacks.push(() => {
                    setTimeout(() => {
                        let x = onRejected(this.PromiseResult)
                        x instanceof MyPromise ? x.then(resolve, reject) : reject(x)
                    })
                })
            } else if (this.PromiseState === MyPromise.FULFILLED) {
                try {
                    setTimeout(() => {
                        let x = onFulfilled(this.PromiseResult)
                        x instanceof MyPromise ? x.then(resolve, reject) : resolve(x)
                    })
                } catch (error) {
                    reject(error)
                }
            } else {
                try {
                    setTimeout(() => {
                        let x = onRejected(this.PromiseResult)
                        x instanceof MyPromise ? x.then(resolve, reject) : reject(x)
                    })
                } catch (error) {
                    reject(error)
                }
            }
        })
    }
    catch(onRejected) {
        return this.then(undefined, onRejected)
    }
}

// 捕获异常
const p2 = new MyPromise(function (resolve, reject) {
    throw new Error('test')
})
p2.catch(function (error) {
    console.log(error) //Error: test
})

实现 Promise.prototype.finally

finally() 方法返回一个Promise。在promise结束时，无论结果是fulfilled或者是rejected，都会执行指定的回调函数。

由于无法知道promise的最终状态，所以 finally 的回调函数中不接收任何参数，它仅用于无论最终结果如何都要执行的情况。

   class MyPromise {
        static PENDING = 'pending'
        static FULFILLED = 'fulfilled'
        static REJECTED = 'rejected'
        constructor(executor) {
          this.PromiseState = MyPromise.PENDING
          this.PromiseResult = null
          this.fulfilledCallBacks = []
          this.rejectedCallBacks = []
          try {
            executor(this.resolve.bind(this), this.reject.bind(this))
          } catch (error) {
            this.reject(error)
          }
        }
        resolve(result) {
          if ((this.PromiseState = MyPromise.PENDING)) {
            setTimeout(() => {
              this.PromiseState = MyPromise.FULFILLED
              this.PromiseResult = result
              for (const callBack of this.fulfilledCallBacks) {
                callBack(result)
              }
            })
          }
        }
        reject(reason) {
          if ((this.PromiseState = MyPromise.PENDING)) {
            setTimeout(() => {
              this.PromiseState = MyPromise.REJECTED
              this.PromiseResult = reason
              for (const callBack of this.rejectedCallBacks) {
                callBack(reason)
              }
            })
          }
        }
        then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
          onFulfilled =
            typeof onFulfilled === 'function' ? onFulfilled : (val) => val
          onRejected =
            typeof onRejected === 'function'
              ? onRejected
              : (err) => {
                  throw err
                }
          return new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
            if (this.PromiseState === MyPromise.PENDING) {
              this.fulfilledCallBacks.push(() => {
                setTimeout(() => {
                  let x = onFulfilled(this.PromiseResult)
                  x instanceof MyPromise ? x.then(resolve, reject) : resolve(x)
                })
              })
              this.rejectedCallBacks.push(() => {
                setTimeout(() => {
                  let x = onRejected(this.PromiseResult)
                  x instanceof MyPromise ? x.then(resolve, reject) : reject(x)
                })
              })
            } else if (this.PromiseState === MyPromise.FULFILLED) {
              try {
                setTimeout(() => {
                  let x = onFulfilled(this.PromiseResult)
                  x instanceof MyPromise ? x.then(resolve, reject) : resolve(x)
                })
              } catch (error) {
                reject(error)
              }
            } else {
              try {
                setTimeout(() => {
                  let x = onRejected(this.PromiseResult)
                  x instanceof MyPromise ? x.then(resolve, reject) : reject(x)
                })
              } catch (error) {
                reject(error)
              }
            }
          })
        }
        finally(callBack) {
          return this.then(callBack, callBack)
        }
      }

      // 捕获异常
      let p1 = new MyPromise(function (resolve, reject) {
        resolve(1)
      }).finally(function () {
          console.log('finally') // finally
        })

实现 Promise.all

Promise.all() 方法接收一个promise的iterable类型（注：Array，Map，Set都属于ES6的iterable类型）的输入，并且只返回一个Promise实例，输入的所有promise的resolve回调的结果是一个数组。

Promise.all 等待所有都完成（或第一个失败）
如果传入的参数是一个空的可迭代对象，则返回一个已完成（already resolved）状态的 Promise
如果参数中包含非 promise 值，这些值将被忽略，但仍然会被放在返回数组中，如果 promise 完成的话 (也就是如果参数里的某值不是Promise，则需要原样返回在数组里)
在任何情况下，Promise.all 返回的 promise 的完成状态的结果都是一个数组，它包含所有的传入迭代参数对象的值（也包括非 promise 值）。
如果传入的 promise 中有一个失败（rejected），Promise.all 异步地将失败的那个结果给失败状态的回调函数，而不管其它 promise 是否完成

class MyPromise {
  static PENDING = 'pending'
  static FULFILLED = 'fulfilled'
  static REJECTED = 'rejected'
  constructor(executor) {
    this.PromiseState = MyPromise.PENDING
    this.PromiseResult = null
    this.fulfilledCallBacks = []
    this.rejectedCallBacks = []
    try {
      executor(this.resolve.bind(this), this.reject.bind(this))
    } catch (error) {
      this.reject(error)
    }
  }
  resolve(result) {
    if ((this.PromiseState = MyPromise.PENDING)) {
      setTimeout(() => {
        this.PromiseState = MyPromise.FULFILLED
        this.PromiseResult = result
        for (const callBack of this.fulfilledCallBacks) {
          callBack(result)
        }
      })
    }
  }
  reject(reason) {
    if ((this.PromiseState = MyPromise.PENDING)) {
      setTimeout(() => {
        this.PromiseState = MyPromise.REJECTED
        this.PromiseResult = reason
        for (const callBack of this.rejectedCallBacks) {
          callBack(reason)
        }
      })
    }
  }
  then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
    onFulfilled =
      typeof onFulfilled === 'function' ? onFulfilled : (val) => val
    onRejected =
      typeof onRejected === 'function'
      ? onRejected
      : (err) => {
        throw err
      }
    return new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
      if (this.PromiseState === MyPromise.PENDING) {
        this.fulfilledCallBacks.push(() => {
          setTimeout(() => {
            let x = onFulfilled(this.PromiseResult)
            x instanceof MyPromise ? x.then(resolve, reject) : resolve(x)
          })
        })
        this.rejectedCallBacks.push(() => {
          setTimeout(() => {
            let x = onRejected(this.PromiseResult)
            x instanceof MyPromise ? x.then(resolve, reject) : reject(x)
          })
        })
      } else if (this.PromiseState === MyPromise.FULFILLED) {
        try {
          setTimeout(() => {
            let x = onFulfilled(this.PromiseResult)
            x instanceof MyPromise ? x.then(resolve, reject) : resolve(x)
          })
        } catch (error) {
          reject(error)
        }
      } else {
        try {
          setTimeout(() => {
            let x = onRejected(this.PromiseResult)
            x instanceof MyPromise ? x.then(resolve, reject) : reject(x)
          })
        } catch (error) {
          reject(error)
        }
      }
    })
  }

  //value 要解析为 Promise 对象的值
  static resolve(value) {
    //如果是
    if (value instanceof MyPromise) {
      return value
    } else if (value && typeof value === 'object' && 'then' in value) {
      return new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
        value.then(resolve, reject)
      })
    }
    return new MyPromise((resolve) => {
      resolve(value)
    })
  }
  static all(promiseList) {
    if (Array.isArray(promiseList)) {
      return new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
        if (promiseList.length === 0) {
          resolve(promiseList)
        }
        let count = 0
        let result = []
        promiseList.forEach((item, index) => {
          if (item instanceof MyPromise) {
            MyPromise.resolve(item).then(
              (res) => {
                count++
                result[index] = res
                count === promiseList.length && resolve(result)
              },
              (error) => {
                reject(error)
              }
            )
          } else {
            count++
            result[index] = item
            count === promiseList.length && resolve(result)
          }
        })
      })
    } else {
      throw TypeError('argument must be Array')
    }
  }
}

// 捕获异常

const promise1 = MyPromise.resolve(3)
const promise2 = 42
const promise3 = new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
  setTimeout(() => {
    resolve(100)
  })
})

MyPromise.all([promise1, promise2, promise3]).then((values) => {
  console.log(values)
})
// [3, 42, 100]

实现Promise.allSettled

Promise.allSettled(iterable)方法返回一个在所有给定的promise都已经fulfilled或rejected后的promise，并带有一个对象数组，每个对象表示对应的promise结果。

当你有多个彼此不依赖的异步任务成功完成时，或者你总是想知道每个promise的结果时，通常使用它。
相比之下，Promise.all() 更适合彼此相互依赖或者在其中任何一个reject时立即结束。

参数 iterable 是一个可迭代的对象，例如Array，其中每个成员都是Promise。

对于每个结果对象，都有一个 status 字符串。如果它的值为 fulfilled，则结果对象上存在一个 value 。如果值为 rejected，则存在一个 reason 。value（或 reason ）反映了每个 promise 决议（或拒绝）的值。

举个🌰：

let p1=Promise.resolve(1)
let p2=Promise.reject(2)
let p3=Promise.resolve(3)
let p4=Promise.reject(4)
Promise.allSettled([p1,p2,p3,p4]).then(res=>{
    console.log(res)
})
    //返回了一个数组
    [{status: 'fulfilled', value: 1},
{status: 'rejected', reason: 2},
{status: 'fulfilled', value: 3},
{status: 'rejected', reason: 4}]

 class MyPromise {
        static PENDING = 'pending'
        static FULFILLED = 'fulfilled'
        static REJECTED = 'rejected'
        constructor(executor) {
          this.PromiseState = MyPromise.PENDING
          this.PromiseResult = null
          this.fulfilledCallBacks = []
          this.rejectedCallBacks = []
          try {
            executor(this.resolve.bind(this), this.reject.bind(this))
          } catch (error) {
            this.reject(error)
          }
        }
        resolve(result) {
          if ((this.PromiseState = MyPromise.PENDING)) {
            setTimeout(() => {
              this.PromiseState = MyPromise.FULFILLED
              this.PromiseResult = result
              for (const callBack of this.fulfilledCallBacks) {
                callBack(result)
              }
            })
          }
        }
        reject(reason) {
          if ((this.PromiseState = MyPromise.PENDING)) {
            setTimeout(() => {
              this.PromiseState = MyPromise.REJECTED
              this.PromiseResult = reason
              for (const callBack of this.rejectedCallBacks) {
                callBack(reason)
              }
            })
          }
        }
        then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
          onFulfilled =
            typeof onFulfilled === 'function' ? onFulfilled : (val) => val
          onRejected =
            typeof onRejected === 'function'
              ? onRejected
              : (err) => {
                  throw err
                }
          return new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
            if (this.PromiseState === MyPromise.PENDING) {
              this.fulfilledCallBacks.push(() => {
                setTimeout(() => {
                  let x = onFulfilled(this.PromiseResult)
                  x instanceof MyPromise ? x.then(resolve, reject) : resolve(x)
                })
              })
              this.rejectedCallBacks.push(() => {
                setTimeout(() => {
                  let x = onRejected(this.PromiseResult)
                  x instanceof MyPromise ? x.then(resolve, reject) : reject(x)
                })
              })
            } else if (this.PromiseState === MyPromise.FULFILLED) {
              try {
                setTimeout(() => {
                  let x = onFulfilled(this.PromiseResult)
                  x instanceof MyPromise ? x.then(resolve, reject) : resolve(x)
                })
              } catch (error) {
                reject(error)
              }
            } else {
              try {
                setTimeout(() => {
                  let x = onRejected(this.PromiseResult)
                  x instanceof MyPromise ? x.then(resolve, reject) : reject(x)
                })
              } catch (error) {
                reject(error)
              }
            }
          })
        }

        //value 要解析为 Promise 对象的值
        static resolve(value) {
          //如果是
          if (value instanceof MyPromise) {
            return value
          } else if (value && typeof value === 'object' && 'then' in value) {
            return new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
              value.then(resolve, reject)
            })
          }
          return new MyPromise((resolve) => {
            resolve(value)
          })
        }
        static allSettled(promiseList) {
          if (Array.isArray(promiseList)) {
            return new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
              let count = 0
              let result = []
              // 如果传入的是一个空数组，那么就直接返回一个resolved的空数组promise对象
              if (promiseList.length === 0) {
                return resolve(promiseList)
              }
              promiseList.forEach((item, index) => {
                  MyPromise.resolve(item).then(
                    (res) => {
                      count++
                      result[index] = {
                        status: MyPromise.FULFILLED,
                        value: res,
                      }
                      count === promiseList.length && resolve(result)
                    },
                    (error) => {
                      count++
                      result[index] = {
                        status: MyPromise.REJECTED,
                        reason: error,
                      }
                      count === promiseList.length && resolve(result)
                    }
                  )
              })
            })
          } else {
            throw TypeError('argument must be Array')
          }
        }
      }

      // 测试代码

      const promise1 = MyPromise.resolve(3)
      const promise2 = 1
      const promises = [promise1, promise2]

      MyPromise.allSettled(promises).then((results) =>
        results.forEach((result) => console.log(result))
      )

      setTimeout(() => {
        const p1 = MyPromise.resolve(3)
        const p2 = new MyPromise((resolve, reject) =>
          setTimeout(reject, 100, 'foo')
        )
        const ps = [p1, p2]

        MyPromise.allSettled(ps).then((results) =>
          results.forEach((result) => console.log(result))
        )
      }, 1000)

      MyPromise.allSettled([]).then((results) => console.log(results))
//打印结果
(0) []
{status: 'fulfilled', value: 3}
{status: 'fulfilled', value: 1}
{status: 'fulfilled', value: 3}
{status: 'rejected', reason: 'foo'}

实现Promise.any

Promise.any() 接收一个Promise可迭代对象，只要其中的一个 promise 成功，就返回那个已经成功的 promise 。

如果可迭代对象中没有一个 promise 成功（即所有的 promises 都失败/拒绝），就返回一个失败的 promise 和AggregateError类型的实例，它是 Error 的一个子类，用于把单一的错误集合在一起。

如果传入的参数是一个空的可迭代对象，则返回一个 已失败（already rejected）状态的 Promise。
如果传入的参数不包含任何 promise，则返回一个异步完成（asynchronously resolved）的 Promise。(将非Promise值，转换为Promise并当做成功)
只要传入的迭代对象中的任何一个 promise 变成成功（resolve）状态，或者其中的所有的 promises 都失败，那么返回的 promise 就会异步地（当调用栈为空时）变成成功/失败（resolved/reject）状态。(如果所有Promise都失败，则报错)

 class MyPromise {
        static PENDING = 'pending'
        static FULFILLED = 'fulfilled'
        static REJECTED = 'rejected'
        constructor(executor) {
          this.PromiseState = MyPromise.PENDING
          this.PromiseResult = null
          this.fulfilledCallBacks = []
          this.rejectedCallBacks = []
          try {
            executor(this.resolve.bind(this), this.reject.bind(this))
          } catch (error) {
            this.reject(error)
          }
        }
        resolve(result) {
          if ((this.PromiseState = MyPromise.PENDING)) {
            setTimeout(() => {
              this.PromiseState = MyPromise.FULFILLED
              this.PromiseResult = result
              for (const callBack of this.fulfilledCallBacks) {
                callBack(result)
              }
            })
          }
        }
        reject(reason) {
          if ((this.PromiseState = MyPromise.PENDING)) {
            setTimeout(() => {
              this.PromiseState = MyPromise.REJECTED
              this.PromiseResult = reason
              for (const callBack of this.rejectedCallBacks) {
                callBack(reason)
              }
            })
          }
        }
        then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
          onFulfilled =
            typeof onFulfilled === 'function' ? onFulfilled : (val) => val
          onRejected =
            typeof onRejected === 'function'
              ? onRejected
              : (err) => {
                  throw err
                }
          return new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
            if (this.PromiseState === MyPromise.PENDING) {
              this.fulfilledCallBacks.push(() => {
                setTimeout(() => {
                  let x = onFulfilled(this.PromiseResult)
                  x instanceof MyPromise ? x.then(resolve, reject) : resolve(x)
                })
              })
              this.rejectedCallBacks.push(() => {
                setTimeout(() => {
                  let x = onRejected(this.PromiseResult)
                  x instanceof MyPromise ? x.then(resolve, reject) : reject(x)
                })
              })
            } else if (this.PromiseState === MyPromise.FULFILLED) {
              try {
                setTimeout(() => {
                  let x = onFulfilled(this.PromiseResult)
                  x instanceof MyPromise ? x.then(resolve, reject) : resolve(x)
                })
              } catch (error) {
                reject(error)
              }
            } else {
              try {
                setTimeout(() => {
                  let x = onRejected(this.PromiseResult)
                  x instanceof MyPromise ? x.then(resolve, reject) : reject(x)
                })
              } catch (error) {
                reject(error)
              }
            }
          })
        }
        catch(onRejected) {
          return this.then(undefined, onRejected)
        }
        //value 要解析为 Promise 对象的值
        static resolve(value) {
          //如果是
          if (value instanceof MyPromise) {
            return value
          } else if (value && typeof value === 'object' && 'then' in value) {
            return new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
              value.then(resolve, reject)
            })
          }
          return new MyPromise((resolve) => {
            resolve(value)
          })
        }
        static any(promiseList) {
          if (Array.isArray(promiseList)) {
            return new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
              let count = 0
              let errors = []
              // 注意注意：如果传入的参数是一个空的可迭代对象，则返回一个 已失败（already rejected） 状态的 Promise。
    if (promiseList.length === 0) return reject(new AggregateError('All promises were rejected'));
              promiseList.forEach((item, index) => {
                MyPromise.resolve(item).then(
                  (res) => {
                    resolve(res)
                  },
                  (reason) => {
                    count++
                    errors.push(reason)
                    /**+                            * 如果可迭代对象中没有一个 promise 成功，就返回一个失败的 promise 和AggregateError类型的实例，+                            * AggregateError是 Error 的一个子类，用于把单一的错误集合在一起。+                            */
                    count === promiseList.length &&
                      reject(new AggregateError(errors))
                  }
                )
              })
            })
          } else {
            throw TypeError('argument must be Array')
          }
        }
      }

      // 测试代码

      MyPromise.any([]).catch((e) => {
        console.log(e)
      })

      const pErr = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
        reject('总是失败')
      })

      const pSlow = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
        setTimeout(resolve, 500, '最终完成')
      })

      const pFast = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
        setTimeout(resolve, 100, '很快完成')
      })

      Promise.any([pErr, pSlow, pFast]).then((value) => {
        console.log(value)
        // 期望输出: "很快完成"
      })

      const pErr1 = new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
        reject('总是失败')
      })

      const pErr2 = new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
        reject('总是失败')
      })

      const pErr3 = new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
        reject('总是失败')
      })

      MyPromise.any([pErr1, pErr2, pErr3]).catch((e) => {
        console.log(e)
      })
      //打印结果
//       AggregateError: All promises were rejected
// AggregateError: All promises were rejected
// 很快完成

实现race方法

Promise.race(iterable) 方法返回一个 promise，一旦迭代器中的某个promise解决或拒绝，返回的 promise就会解决或拒绝。

一个待定的 Promise 只要给定的迭代中的一个promise解决或拒绝，就采用第一个promise的值作为它的返回值，从而异步地解析或拒绝（一旦堆栈为空）。

race 函数返回一个 Promise，它将与第一个传递的 promise 相同的完成方式被完成。它可以是完成（ resolves），也可以是失败（rejects），这要取决于第一个完成的方式是两个中的哪个。

如果传的迭代是空的，则返回的 promise 将永远等待。
如果迭代包含一个或多个非承诺值和/或已解决/拒绝的承诺，则 Promise.race 将解析为迭代中找到的第一个值。

  class MyPromise {
        static PENDING = 'pending'
        static FULFILLED = 'fulfilled'
        static REJECTED = 'rejected'
        constructor(executor) {
          this.PromiseState = MyPromise.PENDING
          this.PromiseResult = null
          this.fulfilledCallBacks = []
          this.rejectedCallBacks = []
          try {
            executor(this.resolve.bind(this), this.reject.bind(this))
          } catch (error) {
            this.reject(error)
          }
        }
        resolve(result) {
          if ((this.PromiseState = MyPromise.PENDING)) {
            setTimeout(() => {
              this.PromiseState = MyPromise.FULFILLED
              this.PromiseResult = result
              for (const callBack of this.fulfilledCallBacks) {
                callBack(result)
              }
            })
          }
        }
        reject(reason) {
          if ((this.PromiseState = MyPromise.PENDING)) {
            setTimeout(() => {
              this.PromiseState = MyPromise.REJECTED
              this.PromiseResult = reason
              for (const callBack of this.rejectedCallBacks) {
                callBack(reason)
              }
            })
          }
        }
        then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
          onFulfilled =
            typeof onFulfilled === 'function' ? onFulfilled : (val) => val
          onRejected =
            typeof onRejected === 'function'
              ? onRejected
              : (err) => {
                  throw err
                }
          return new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
            if (this.PromiseState === MyPromise.PENDING) {
              this.fulfilledCallBacks.push(() => {
                setTimeout(() => {
                  let x = onFulfilled(this.PromiseResult)
                  x instanceof MyPromise ? x.then(resolve, reject) : resolve(x)
                })
              })
              this.rejectedCallBacks.push(() => {
                setTimeout(() => {
                  let x = onRejected(this.PromiseResult)
                  x instanceof MyPromise ? x.then(resolve, reject) : reject(x)
                })
              })
            } else if (this.PromiseState === MyPromise.FULFILLED) {
              try {
                setTimeout(() => {
                  let x = onFulfilled(this.PromiseResult)
                  x instanceof MyPromise ? x.then(resolve, reject) : resolve(x)
                })
              } catch (error) {
                reject(error)
              }
            } else {
              try {
                setTimeout(() => {
                  let x = onRejected(this.PromiseResult)
                  x instanceof MyPromise ? x.then(resolve, reject) : reject(x)
                })
              } catch (error) {
                reject(error)
              }
            }
          })
        }
        catch(onRejected) {
          return this.then(undefined, onRejected)
        }
        //value 要解析为 Promise 对象的值
        static resolve(value) {
          //如果是
          if (value instanceof MyPromise) {
            return value
          } else if (value && typeof value === 'object' && 'then' in value) {
            return new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
              value.then(resolve, reject)
            })
          }
          return new MyPromise((resolve) => {
            resolve(value)
          })
        }
        static race(promiseList) {
          if (Array.isArray(promiseList)) {
            return new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
              // 注意注意：如果传入的参数是一个空的可迭代对象，则永远为pending状态
              if (promiseList.length > 0) {
                promiseList.forEach((item, index) => {
                  /**                   * 如果迭代包含一个或多个非承诺值和/或已解决/拒绝的承诺，                   * 则 Promise.race 将解析为迭代中找到的第一个值。                   */
                  MyPromise.resolve(item).then(resolve, reject)
                })
              }
            })
          } else {
            throw TypeError('argument must be Array')
          }
        }
      }

      // 测试代码

      /**       * 验证Promise.race()方法       */

      // 数组全是非Promise值，测试通过
      let p1 = Promise.race([1, 3, 4])
      setTimeout(() => {
        console.log('p1 :>> ', p1) //1
      })

      // 空数组，测试通过
      let p2 = Promise.race([])
      setTimeout(() => {
        console.log('p2 :>> ', p2) //pengding
      })

      //  p1 :>>  Promise {<fulfilled>: 1}
      //   p2 :>>  Promise {<pending>}

总结:

Promise方法	总结	传递[]数组影响
all()	参数所有结果为成功才执行then方法返回结果，否则catch方法为第一个rejected的Promise	返回一个已完成（already resolved）状态的 Promise（resolve([])）
allSettled()	不管Promise的结果是否成功，都要等结果返回完毕之后执行then方法
race()	只要有一个Promise有了结果，就决定了最终新Promise的状态	一直处于pending状态
any()	只要有一个Promise为成功，就会这个成功Promise的结果，如果所有Promise为失败，那么最终新Promise的状态为rejected且报错	Promise的状态为rejected且报错(AggregateError)
finally()	不管Promise对象无论变成fulfilled还是reject状态，最终都会被执行的代码

原创声明：本文系作者授权腾讯云开发者社区发表，未经许可，不得转载。

如有侵权，请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除。

javascript

node.js

编程算法

原创声明：本文系作者授权腾讯云开发者社区发表，未经许可，不得转载。

如有侵权，请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除。

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