IDL常用命令总结

1.数组的创建

创建索引数组:findgen(num),dindgen(num) 创建一个特定纬度的数组并赋值：replicate(2.0,4,2),创建4列2行值为2.0的数组

2.数组的运算

标量乘； #数组乘,将一个数组的列乘以另一个数组的行，和数学运算列行乘法不同 如：a=dindgen(3,2) , b=dindgen(2,3) , c=a#b=(3,3) ##矩阵乘 d=a##b=(2,2) LMN=[[0.85,-0.50,-0.16],[0.50,0.87,-0.08],[0.17,-0.01, 0.98]] C1=[7.53,-8.06, -2.31] print,LMN##C1

3.语句

if 条件 then 语句 if 条件 then begin 语句 endif if 条件 then 语句 endif else 语句 endelse case 表达式 of 情况1：语句 情况2：语句 情况3：begin 语句 end else: 语句 endcase while 语句 do begin 语句 endwhile goto,标号 label : 标号

4.画图系列

(1)日期格式输出标准：“%H:%I:%S%3” 21:36:58.125 (2)把Window作为输出,第一个plot中不要加/noerase，否则会全黑. (3)特殊符号：在IDL-help里面搜索vecor fonts,点击special characters ;垂直号:!9x!3 ;平行号:!9#!3 ;•：!9.!3 ; ×:!9X!3 B的旋度:!9GX!3B μ：！7l!3 (4)画Y=3的一条横线;oplot,TT0,replicate(3,n_elements(TT0),1),thick=2,color=47,linestyle=2 (5)如果想让y轴的刻度不显示，用ytickformat=’(a1)’ (6)把图上的点用symbol显示出来 sym_color=‘blue’,sym_size=4,symbol=’+’,sym_thick=8 (7)scatterplot(x,y,sym_thick=5) (8)pplot = PLOT([tt1[i],tt1[i+1]], [lln1[i],lln1[i+1]], RGB_TABLE=39,VERT_COLORS=bytscl(alog10(data[i]),min=mmin,max=mmax,top=254),/OVERPLOT,THICK=5) (9)t2=text(xpos,ypos,str,/norm,FONT_SIZE=15,color=‘black’)

5.建立画图模版

WINDOW, 0, XSIZE=950, YSIZE=650, Xpos = 700, Ypos =0 DEVICE,DECOMPOSED=0 !P.MULTI = [0,1,600] loadct,39 Panels=5 Posi = dblarr(4,Panels) dy=0.85/Panels for i=1, Panels do begin Posi[#,i-1]= [0.2, 0.95-dyi , 0.85, 0.95-dy(i-1.)] endfor tidex=[’(a)’,’(b)’,’（c）’,’(d)’,’(e)’,’(f)’,’(g)’,’(h)’,’(i)’,’(j)’,’(k)’,’(l)’,’(m)’,’(n)’,’(o)’,’§’]

panel=0 plot,x,y,xrange=[0,2],yrange=[0,2], xtitle=’ ‘, ytitle=’ ', xstyle=1, ystyle=1, background=255, color=0,position=[0.1,0.1,0.9,0.9], /normal, /nodata, thick=2, xthick=2, ythick=2, charthick=2, charsize=2 xyouts, 0.08, posi[1,Panel]+(posi[3,Panel]-posi[1,Panel])3.6/4,tidex[panel], color = 0, /normal,charsize=2.0ratio, charthick=1.5*ratio

pson,filename=‘pfigure2.ps’,PAPER=‘A4’,margin=1.0,aspect=0.8,landscape=0 panel=0 plot,x,y,xrange=[0,2],yrange=[0,2], xtitle=’ ‘, ytitle=’ ‘, xstyle=1, ystyle=1, background=255, color=0,position=[0.1,0.1,0.9,0.9], /normal, /nodata, thick=2, xthick=2, ythick=2, charthick=2, charsize=2 xyouts, 0.08, posi[1,Panel]+(posi[3,Panel]-posi[1,Panel]) 3.6/4,tidex[panel], color = 0, /normal,charsize=2.0ratio, charthick=1.5ratio psoff ##plot(XX,YY)## aa=plot(TT0,Rc0,color=[0,0,0],thick=3,xthick=3,ythick=3,ytitle=‘Rc’,xtitle=‘Time’,ylog=1,dimension=[1000,800]) plot(TT0,rou0,color=[255,0,0],thick=3,overplot=1) plot(TT0,kapa0,color=[0,0,255],thick=3,overplot=1) aa.Save,‘C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\AAA.png’ makepng,‘C:\Users\zhu\Desktop*’

6.图上点击画线

wset,1 wshow,1 color = 255 for n = 0, 1, 1 do begin cursor,px,py,/up,/norm ;get the new position hx = px hy = py print, n, px, py if hx ge 0.1 and hx le 0.90 then begin plots,[hx,hx],[0.1,0.9], color=color,/norm,/thick,lines=0 plots,[0.1,0.9],[hy,hy], color=color,/norm,/thick,lines=0 ；所画的线的时间点的计算 time = btime+(etime -btime)*(px-0.1)/0.75 caldat,time, MM, DD, YYYY, HH, MI, SS StrTime = string(YYYY, format= ‘(I4.4)’)+string(MM, format= ‘(I2.2)’) +string(DD, format= ‘(I2.2)’) +’.’+string(HH, format= ‘(I2.2)’) +string(MI, format= ‘(I2.2)’) +string(SS, format= ‘(I2.2)’) print,strtime endif endfor 不同的线型： dashed line表示短划线，如_ _ _ _ dotted line表示点虚线，如…

7.画箭头

arrow, 32.5,32.5, 32.5+(Byimf/2.0), 32.5+(Bzimf/2.0), thick=3, hsize=-0.5, /data

8.保存数据

file_name = ‘C:\Users\zhu\Desktop**.txt’ OPENU, outunit, file_name, /APPEND, /GET_LUN printf, outunit, record0,record1,E1,format = ‘(01(a2," "),01(d15.6, " "),01(d8.2, " "))’ FREE_LUN, outunit

save, tt,rr, vv,bb, filename=‘H:\zhu’+strcompress(string(kk), /REMOVE_ALL)+’.sav’ restore ,‘H:\zhu’+strcompress(string(kk), /REMOVE_ALL)+’.sav’

9.生成模版

filename = ‘C:\Users\zhu\Desktop*.txt’ Template = ASCII_TEMPLATE(Filename) save, Template, filename=‘C:\Users\zhu\Desktop*.sav’ restore, ‘C:\Users\zhu\Desktop*.sav’ Result = READ_ASCII(filename, TEMPLATE=Template) data1 =Result.(0)

10.数据保存和调用.sav格式

save, data, filename=‘D:\work\var.sav’ restore,‘D:\work\var.sav’

11.释放IDL内存

CDF_CLOSE, Id delvar, Q http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_a10150440102wsct.html

12.文件重命名

file_move,‘D:\alldata\poo.txt’,‘D:\alldata\poo1.txt’

13.逐行阅读某数据不规则的txt

file = DIALOG_PICKFILE(FILTER=’*.txt’) OPENR, lun, file, /GET_LUN ; Read one line at a time, saving the result into array array = ‘’ line = ‘’ WHILE NOT EOF(lun) DO BEGIN &

14.数据处理技巧

寻找数据中非有限值(nan,infinite) A=[1,3,9,!values.f_nan,50,!values.f_nan,81] A[where(~finite(A))]=-9999 print,A

result=where(A eq -1.0e31) if result ne -1 then A[result]=!values.f_nan

求一个数列中的众数 a = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,2,3,2] his = histogram(a) idx = where(his eq max(his)) print,a[idx[0]]

求一个矩阵的特征值和特征向量 A = [[ 5.0, 4.0, 0.0, -3.0], [ 4.0, 5.0, 0.0, -3.0], [ 0.0, 0.0, 5.0, -3.0],[-3.0, -3.0, -3.0, 5.0]] eigenvalues = EIGENQL(A, EIGENVECTORS = evecs) Print, eigenvalues, evecs

cov = IMSL_COVARIANCES(B) values = IMSL_PRINC_COMP(cov,EIGENVECTORS= ev) normal=ev[*,2] print,normal print,‘vec values:’,values

矩阵的求逆 matric_power(array,-1) 比上面这个更具有普适性的事奇异值分解 SVDC,A,W,U,V WP1[i,i]=1/W[i] WP2[i,i]=W[i] A=U##WP2##transpose(V) AX=B →X=V##WP1##transpose(U)##B

把数据变为字符串并去掉空格 B=strcompress(string(A),/remove_all)

提取字符串中的数组 str = ‘1.0 2.0 4.0’ out = float(STRSPLIT(str, /EXTRACT)) print,out[0] print,out[1] print,out[2]

IDL中产生随机数主要有RANDOMU和RANDOMN两个函数，分别生成均匀分布和正态分布的随机数,比如生成[15,25]范围内的随机数40个,并取整 print,15+fix(10*randomu(seed,40))

生成差值为5，1开头，6个元素的等差数列 print, indgen(6)*5+1 生成比值为3，2开头的等比数列 print, 3^indgen(6)*2

15.编译生成exe

(1)多个pro文件时，使用构建工程（项目） 项目名称、主过程pro名称、构建sav文件名要保持一致。 在工程上右键选择"构建项目"或"构建工程"即可生成sav文件。 控制台显示构建成功提示： SAV文件 At: D:\IDLViewer\IDLViewer_UseEnvi\idlviewer_useenvi.sav (2)发布exe文件 控制台输入如下命令发布exe文件。 make_rt, ‘IDLViewer_UseEnvi’, ‘D:\temp’, savefile=‘D:\IDLViewer\IDLViewer_UseEnvi\idlviewer_useenvi.sav’, /overwrite, /vm 注：上面代码为一条命令，不需要回车。 (3)修改ini文件 用记事本打开ini配置文件，show=True改成show=False可以取消虚拟机提示窗口

16.64位主程序中调用32位进程

new=idl_idlbridge(ops=32) new->execute,‘read_inputfile_to_lkmiu,para=para,sixd0=sixd0,pan=pan,outhigh=outhigh,eneypas=eneypas’ para=new->getvar(‘para’) sixd0=new->getvar(‘sixd0’) pan=new->getvar(‘pan’) outhigh=new->getvar(‘outhigh’) eneypas=new->getvar(‘eneypas’)

17.程序中自动解压缩文件语句

spawn, ‘7z e D:\IDLprogram\model_engine\ele.rar -oD:\IDLprogram\model_engine\ rbspa_mageis_UKLdatabase_2014_1.sav -r -y’